短波宽带小型化单极子天线研究
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摘要
在现代军事通信中,为了实现保密通信,消除敌方干扰,多频段、多功能电台将广泛应用,而舰艇、坦克上天线众多,携带不方便,要求多个电台能利用一副天线工作,这些都对天线的宽频带工作提出了要求。工作在短波频段的天线一般都物理尺寸很大,在十米量级,安装和携带都不方便,如何实现在保证天线性能的基础上,实现天线的小型化,是近年来研究的一个热点。
本论文研究的主要内容是HF小型宽带天线的设计与实现,对超宽带电小天线的分析方法、宽带化、小型化等关键技术进行了一些探索。在研究中采用了理论分析、数值仿真和实验验证等手段,提出了几种结构新颖的天线结构,主要工作有:
1结合传统的宽频带天线结构形式和现有的天线宽频带小型化的研究成果,通过理论分析和软件仿真的方法,设计了两种结构新颖的短波宽带小型天线。2对集总加载的器件值和加载位置对单极子线天线的性能的影响进行了系统的研究,根据研究的结果,实现了对天线加载的最优化设计。
3采用了宽带匹配网络与加载相结合的办法,。从前人的研究成果看,单纯通过加载难以在很宽的频带(如2-30MHz)内匹配良好,因此设计时加入了宽带匹配网络。
通过上述的工作,所设计的短波加载天线,在2～30MHz内实现了天线高度低于4米,驻波小于3.5,增益大于-10dB。并且对相应的缩比模型进行了加工实验,效果很好。
In the modern military affairs communication, the multi-band, multifunctional station was widely used in order to achieve secret communication. The naval ship or tank has many antennas, take it discommodiously, it requires the broadcasting station can work with one antenna, so it need the antenna has a broad band. The HF monopole usually has a big size, above 10 meters, installing or taking is discommodiously. The technology of antenna miniaturization in the condition of keeping the performance is an interesting research.
This dissertation mainly searches the design and realization of HF monopole. Many technologies of electrically small antennas and wide band antennas are discussed in theory, simulation and experiment. And two novelty antennas are proposed. The author’s major contributions are as follows:
1. Based on the conventional wideband antenna structure and the technology of antenna miniaturization, by the way of analysis and simulation, proposed two HF wideband smart antennas.
2. Discussing the affect of the parameters of lumped loaded and location, and based on the research, realize the optimizing design of loading.
3. The loading technology and broadband matching network are used to design the antenna which dimension is confined. It is not enough to design antenna using loading technology, but the loading circuit parameters, locations of the loads along the antenna, and matching network’s circuit parameters are optimized simultaneously.
To make use of above these ways a broadband HF monopole are designed successfully, and they can realize the VSWR<3.5, Gain>-10dB and the height <4m over 2~30MHz.
本论文研究的主要内容是HF小型宽带天线的设计与实现,对超宽带电小天线的分析方法、宽带化、小型化等关键技术进行了一些探索。在研究中采用了理论分析、数值仿真和实验验证等手段,提出了几种结构新颖的天线结构,主要工作有:
1结合传统的宽频带天线结构形式和现有的天线宽频带小型化的研究成果,通过理论分析和软件仿真的方法,设计了两种结构新颖的短波宽带小型天线。2对集总加载的器件值和加载位置对单极子线天线的性能的影响进行了系统的研究,根据研究的结果,实现了对天线加载的最优化设计。
3采用了宽带匹配网络与加载相结合的办法,。从前人的研究成果看,单纯通过加载难以在很宽的频带(如2-30MHz)内匹配良好,因此设计时加入了宽带匹配网络。
通过上述的工作,所设计的短波加载天线,在2～30MHz内实现了天线高度低于4米,驻波小于3.5,增益大于-10dB。并且对相应的缩比模型进行了加工实验,效果很好。
In the modern military affairs communication, the multi-band, multifunctional station was widely used in order to achieve secret communication. The naval ship or tank has many antennas, take it discommodiously, it requires the broadcasting station can work with one antenna, so it need the antenna has a broad band. The HF monopole usually has a big size, above 10 meters, installing or taking is discommodiously. The technology of antenna miniaturization in the condition of keeping the performance is an interesting research.
This dissertation mainly searches the design and realization of HF monopole. Many technologies of electrically small antennas and wide band antennas are discussed in theory, simulation and experiment. And two novelty antennas are proposed. The author’s major contributions are as follows:
1. Based on the conventional wideband antenna structure and the technology of antenna miniaturization, by the way of analysis and simulation, proposed two HF wideband smart antennas.
2. Discussing the affect of the parameters of lumped loaded and location, and based on the research, realize the optimizing design of loading.
3. The loading technology and broadband matching network are used to design the antenna which dimension is confined. It is not enough to design antenna using loading technology, but the loading circuit parameters, locations of the loads along the antenna, and matching network’s circuit parameters are optimized simultaneously.
To make use of above these ways a broadband HF monopole are designed successfully, and they can realize the VSWR<3.5, Gain>-10dB and the height <4m over 2~30MHz.
引文
[1] 肖辉. 2~30MHz 短波天线宽带匹配. 军事通信技术,1998,66:55-59
[2] 王元坤,李玉权.线天线的宽频带技术.西安:西安电子科技大学,1995,4-9
[3] 李剑峰.小型宽带鞭状天线设计综述.杭州电子工业学院学报,2000,20,(6):52-55
[4] Fujimoto K, Hirasawa K and Henderson A. Small antenna. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Research Studies Press, 1987,2-4
[5] Y. Hao,C. G. Paini. Isolation enhancement of anisotropic UC-PBG microstrip diplexer patch Antenna.IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.2002,1(1):135-137
[6] Ang Yu, Xuexia Zhang. A novel method to improve the performance of microstrip antenna Array using a dumbbell EBG structure. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letter. 2003,2(1):170-172
[7] 陈惠开,黎安尧.宽带匹配网络的理论与设计. 北京:人民邮电出版社,1988 ,15-20
[8] 孙保华,周良明,肖辉.天线宽带匹配网络的设计与计算方法. 西安电子科技大学学报,1999,26(6):793-797
[9] 向春清,胡修林,陈海涛. 短波宽带天线及匹配网络的优化设计. 华中科技大学学报,2002,30(8):7-9
[10] 汪洋,张乃通.超宽带无线通信概述.云南民族大学学报,2005,14(1):3-7
[11] H. A. Wheeler. Small Antennas. IEEE Trans. on AP. 1975,23(4):462-469
[12] 阮成礼. 超宽带天线理论与技术. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2005
[13] H.A.Wheeler. Foundmental limitations of small antennas. Proc.IRE, 1947, 35:1479~1484
[14] 周朝栋,杨恩耀. 电小天线. 西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社, 1990,29-32
[15] T.L.Simpson, James, C.Logan. Equivalent circuits for Electrically Small Antennas Using Ls-discomposition with the method of Moments. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1989,37(12): 1632 -1635
[16] Grimes D M, Grimes C A. Minimum Q of electrically small antennas: A critical review. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2001, 29(3): 172-177
[17] Skrivervik A K, Zurcher J -F, Staub O and Mosig J R. PCS antenna design: The challenge of miniaturization. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2001, 43( 4): 12-27
[18] Thiele G A, Detweiler P L and Penno R P. On the lower bound of the radiation Q for electrically small antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, 2003, 51(6): 1263 -1269
[19] Zǔrcher J –F, Sraub O, Skrivervik and Hermanjat M. Accurate measurement of the maximum gain of electrically small antennas. Microwave and optical technology letters. 1999, 23(6):328-331
[20] 约翰.克劳斯 天线(上册). 北京:电子工业出版社,2004:137-139
[21] Wen Geyi, Perry Jarmuszewski and Qi Yihong. The Foster Reactance Theorem for Antennas and Radiation Q. IEEE Trans. on AP. 2000,48 (3):401-408
[22] R.F. 哈林登. 计算电磁场的矩量法. 北京:国防工业出版社,1981:201-211
[23] Johson J M and Rahmat-Samii Y. Genetic algorithms in engineering electromagnetics. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 1997, 39(4): 7-21
[24] Weile D S and Michielssen E. Genetic algorithm optimization applied to electro-magnetics: A review. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, 1997, 45(3): 343-353
[25] 王秉中. 计算电磁学. 北京: 科学技术出版社, 2002, 333-367
[26] Jordan E C and Balmain. Electromagnetic wave and radiating system. New Jersey, 1968,70-75
[27] T.T.Wu, R.W.P.King. The Cylidrical Antenna with Nonreflecting Resistive Loading, IEEE Trans., 1965,16:369-373
[28] E.E.Altshuler. The traveling –wave linear antenna. IRE Trans., 1967, 9:236-243
[29] Alona Boag, Amir Boag. Design of electrically loaded wire antennas using genetic algorithms, IEEE. Trans Antennas Propagation, 1996,44(5) .687-695
[30] G.J.Burke, A.J.Pogio. Numerical electromagnetics code-method of moments. Naval Ocean syst. Ctr. San Diego, CA,1981:145-148
[31] G.H.Golub, C.F.Van Loan. Matrix Computations. Baltimore, MD:John Hopkins Univ. Press, 1990
[32] 孙保华,纪奕才,刘其中. VHF/UHF 天线宽带匹配网络的优化设计与实验研究. 电子学报,2002,30(6):797-799
[33] 谢处方,邱文杰. 天线原理与设计.西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社. 1985, 76-77
[34] Fujimoto K, Hirasawa K and Henderson A. Small antenna. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Research Studies Press, 1987
[35] Shen L, King R. The cylindrical antenna with nonreflecting resistive loading. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988] ,1965,13(6) :998 - 1004
[36] 谢处方,王石安,文希理.加载与媒质中的天线.成都:电子科技大学出版社,1990
[37] Wong K L. Planar antennas for wireless communications. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2003
[38] Gianvittorio J P, Rahmat-Samii Y. Fractal antennas: A novel antenna miniaturization technique, and applications. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2002, 44(1): 45-52
[39] Romeu J, Soler J. Generalized sierpinski fractal multiband antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, 2001, 49(8): 1237-1239
[40] Anguera J, Puente C, Soler J. Miniature monopole antenna based on the fractal Hilbert curve. Antenna and propagation Society International Symposium, 2002,4(16): 546-549
[41] Balanis C A. Antenna theory analysis and design. Second edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons, INC., 1997
[42] 罗翠梅,王敏男.分布电阻加载天线电流分布的矩量法求解.电波科学学报,1994,9(3):35-39
[43] LiS T. The design of Impedance Matching Network for an HF Antenna Using Real Frenquency Method .IEEE Transon AP,1989,37(4):506-509
[2] 王元坤,李玉权.线天线的宽频带技术.西安:西安电子科技大学,1995,4-9
[3] 李剑峰.小型宽带鞭状天线设计综述.杭州电子工业学院学报,2000,20,(6):52-55
[4] Fujimoto K, Hirasawa K and Henderson A. Small antenna. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Research Studies Press, 1987,2-4
[5] Y. Hao,C. G. Paini. Isolation enhancement of anisotropic UC-PBG microstrip diplexer patch Antenna.IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.2002,1(1):135-137
[6] Ang Yu, Xuexia Zhang. A novel method to improve the performance of microstrip antenna Array using a dumbbell EBG structure. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letter. 2003,2(1):170-172
[7] 陈惠开,黎安尧.宽带匹配网络的理论与设计. 北京:人民邮电出版社,1988 ,15-20
[8] 孙保华,周良明,肖辉.天线宽带匹配网络的设计与计算方法. 西安电子科技大学学报,1999,26(6):793-797
[9] 向春清,胡修林,陈海涛. 短波宽带天线及匹配网络的优化设计. 华中科技大学学报,2002,30(8):7-9
[10] 汪洋,张乃通.超宽带无线通信概述.云南民族大学学报,2005,14(1):3-7
[11] H. A. Wheeler. Small Antennas. IEEE Trans. on AP. 1975,23(4):462-469
[12] 阮成礼. 超宽带天线理论与技术. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2005
[13] H.A.Wheeler. Foundmental limitations of small antennas. Proc.IRE, 1947, 35:1479~1484
[14] 周朝栋,杨恩耀. 电小天线. 西安: 西安电子科技大学出版社, 1990,29-32
[15] T.L.Simpson, James, C.Logan. Equivalent circuits for Electrically Small Antennas Using Ls-discomposition with the method of Moments. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 1989,37(12): 1632 -1635
[16] Grimes D M, Grimes C A. Minimum Q of electrically small antennas: A critical review. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2001, 29(3): 172-177
[17] Skrivervik A K, Zurcher J -F, Staub O and Mosig J R. PCS antenna design: The challenge of miniaturization. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2001, 43( 4): 12-27
[18] Thiele G A, Detweiler P L and Penno R P. On the lower bound of the radiation Q for electrically small antennas. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, 2003, 51(6): 1263 -1269
[19] Zǔrcher J –F, Sraub O, Skrivervik and Hermanjat M. Accurate measurement of the maximum gain of electrically small antennas. Microwave and optical technology letters. 1999, 23(6):328-331
[20] 约翰.克劳斯 天线(上册). 北京:电子工业出版社,2004:137-139
[21] Wen Geyi, Perry Jarmuszewski and Qi Yihong. The Foster Reactance Theorem for Antennas and Radiation Q. IEEE Trans. on AP. 2000,48 (3):401-408
[22] R.F. 哈林登. 计算电磁场的矩量法. 北京:国防工业出版社,1981:201-211
[23] Johson J M and Rahmat-Samii Y. Genetic algorithms in engineering electromagnetics. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 1997, 39(4): 7-21
[24] Weile D S and Michielssen E. Genetic algorithm optimization applied to electro-magnetics: A review. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, 1997, 45(3): 343-353
[25] 王秉中. 计算电磁学. 北京: 科学技术出版社, 2002, 333-367
[26] Jordan E C and Balmain. Electromagnetic wave and radiating system. New Jersey, 1968,70-75
[27] T.T.Wu, R.W.P.King. The Cylidrical Antenna with Nonreflecting Resistive Loading, IEEE Trans., 1965,16:369-373
[28] E.E.Altshuler. The traveling –wave linear antenna. IRE Trans., 1967, 9:236-243
[29] Alona Boag, Amir Boag. Design of electrically loaded wire antennas using genetic algorithms, IEEE. Trans Antennas Propagation, 1996,44(5) .687-695
[30] G.J.Burke, A.J.Pogio. Numerical electromagnetics code-method of moments. Naval Ocean syst. Ctr. San Diego, CA,1981:145-148
[31] G.H.Golub, C.F.Van Loan. Matrix Computations. Baltimore, MD:John Hopkins Univ. Press, 1990
[32] 孙保华,纪奕才,刘其中. VHF/UHF 天线宽带匹配网络的优化设计与实验研究. 电子学报,2002,30(6):797-799
[33] 谢处方,邱文杰. 天线原理与设计.西安:西北电讯工程学院出版社. 1985, 76-77
[34] Fujimoto K, Hirasawa K and Henderson A. Small antenna. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Research Studies Press, 1987
[35] Shen L, King R. The cylindrical antenna with nonreflecting resistive loading. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on [legacy, pre - 1988] ,1965,13(6) :998 - 1004
[36] 谢处方,王石安,文希理.加载与媒质中的天线.成都:电子科技大学出版社,1990
[37] Wong K L. Planar antennas for wireless communications. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2003
[38] Gianvittorio J P, Rahmat-Samii Y. Fractal antennas: A novel antenna miniaturization technique, and applications. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2002, 44(1): 45-52
[39] Romeu J, Soler J. Generalized sierpinski fractal multiband antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagation, 2001, 49(8): 1237-1239
[40] Anguera J, Puente C, Soler J. Miniature monopole antenna based on the fractal Hilbert curve. Antenna and propagation Society International Symposium, 2002,4(16): 546-549
[41] Balanis C A. Antenna theory analysis and design. Second edition. New York: John Wiley and Sons, INC., 1997
[42] 罗翠梅,王敏男.分布电阻加载天线电流分布的矩量法求解.电波科学学报,1994,9(3):35-39
[43] LiS T. The design of Impedance Matching Network for an HF Antenna Using Real Frenquency Method .IEEE Transon AP,1989,37(4):506-509
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