基于GML的无线室内导航系统
摘要
随着信息技术的不断进步,人们在获取信息方面的需求日益增加,尤其是空间位置的信息需求也与日俱增。目前成熟的卫星技术推动了GPS(Global Positioning System,全球定位系统)技术的发展,GPS有很多优点,例如使用免费、24*7全天候、高精度、自动定位等,因此在各个领域得到了广泛应用。然而人们日常活动范围主要还是在室内,而且随着建筑水平的不断提高,巨型而且结构复杂的建筑如世博会中国馆、沙特馆等逐渐进入人们的生活,定位导航技术亟需解决的一个问题就是如何在复杂的大型建筑内实现定位导航。另一方面,智能手机的使用越来越广泛,硬件配置越来越高,智能系统平台功能也越来越强大。因此在智能手机系统上实现室内定位导航系统这个课题具有其必要性和可行性。
对于室内导航的需求,本文探讨了基于GML和无线局域网定位技术的无线室内导航系统。首先导航系统需要确定定位方法,常见的定位方法包括到达时间法和到达角度法。本文提出的结合两者特点的TOA&AOA复合定位方法,进一步减少了定位所需要的无线AP,简化了定位环境的布置,提高了定位效率。通过理论分析和仿真比较,本文证明了复合定位法的定位精度在可接受的范围之内。
其次室内导航系统里的地理信息需要有一个好的载体,而GML是应用在地理信息系统上的XML标记语言,具有XML的灵活、表达能力强的特点,依据这些特点本文设计了测量信息的具体内容,测量信息通过无线局域网传输,用于交换TOA&AOA复合定位法所要求的到达时间和到达角度。并通过XML格式进行实现,同时为了实现测量信息的无线传输,给出了构造和解析XML测量信息的流程图。
最后,本文采用了面向对象的方法对导航系统进行了设计,分析了系统需求,并建立了对象模型,在给出系统架构设计之后,对于室内导航系统中的定位、处理器管理者、好友查询等几个核心功能模块给出了详细设计和实现流程。
With the development of the information technology, there are various requirements for acquiring information, especially for spatial information. To outdoors, Global Positioning System (GPS) has been greatly developed with the mature satellite technology. Due to the advantages of GPS, such as free of charge,24*7 round-the-clock, high-precision, auto-position and so on, it is widely used. However, human being’s activities are mostly indoors, besides with the advance of modernization, large-scale complex architectures such as China Pavilion, Saudi Pavilion in the World Expo 2010, has been come into the life bit by bit, how to implement the locating service in the large-scale complex architectures is the issue to be solved urgently. On the other hand, the smart phone is more widely used, and the configuration is more highly, the function of the intelligent system platform is more powerful. In conclusion, it is necessary and possible to implement the locating service system indoors under the smart phone system.
First, among the location methods, TOA and AOA are popular because of the simple principles, collocations, and implements. They are suitable for the location system of intelligent terminal. This work proposes a method to decrease AP and the collocations by combination of TOA and AOA. It also exploits TOA and AOA to locate to improve the efficiency. Through the emulation’s comparison, the proposed work is better than TOA in precision.
Second,GML is the XML defined by OGC and used in the geography information system. It can be used to locate and obtain the data related to geography. XML is flexible and good expression. XML is also used to express the location information for wireless express to beneficial for extension and explanting. This paper presents the XML of location information, and also defines the XML schema. The construction and resolution of XML is implemented by Java.
Finally, the system is designed by object-orientation. It analyzes the system demands, sets up its model, and develops the system. The system has operations of the indoor location, processor managers and friends query to satisfy the requirements for navigation system indoors.
对于室内导航的需求,本文探讨了基于GML和无线局域网定位技术的无线室内导航系统。首先导航系统需要确定定位方法,常见的定位方法包括到达时间法和到达角度法。本文提出的结合两者特点的TOA&AOA复合定位方法,进一步减少了定位所需要的无线AP,简化了定位环境的布置,提高了定位效率。通过理论分析和仿真比较,本文证明了复合定位法的定位精度在可接受的范围之内。
其次室内导航系统里的地理信息需要有一个好的载体,而GML是应用在地理信息系统上的XML标记语言,具有XML的灵活、表达能力强的特点,依据这些特点本文设计了测量信息的具体内容,测量信息通过无线局域网传输,用于交换TOA&AOA复合定位法所要求的到达时间和到达角度。并通过XML格式进行实现,同时为了实现测量信息的无线传输,给出了构造和解析XML测量信息的流程图。
最后,本文采用了面向对象的方法对导航系统进行了设计,分析了系统需求,并建立了对象模型,在给出系统架构设计之后,对于室内导航系统中的定位、处理器管理者、好友查询等几个核心功能模块给出了详细设计和实现流程。
With the development of the information technology, there are various requirements for acquiring information, especially for spatial information. To outdoors, Global Positioning System (GPS) has been greatly developed with the mature satellite technology. Due to the advantages of GPS, such as free of charge,24*7 round-the-clock, high-precision, auto-position and so on, it is widely used. However, human being’s activities are mostly indoors, besides with the advance of modernization, large-scale complex architectures such as China Pavilion, Saudi Pavilion in the World Expo 2010, has been come into the life bit by bit, how to implement the locating service in the large-scale complex architectures is the issue to be solved urgently. On the other hand, the smart phone is more widely used, and the configuration is more highly, the function of the intelligent system platform is more powerful. In conclusion, it is necessary and possible to implement the locating service system indoors under the smart phone system.
First, among the location methods, TOA and AOA are popular because of the simple principles, collocations, and implements. They are suitable for the location system of intelligent terminal. This work proposes a method to decrease AP and the collocations by combination of TOA and AOA. It also exploits TOA and AOA to locate to improve the efficiency. Through the emulation’s comparison, the proposed work is better than TOA in precision.
Second,GML is the XML defined by OGC and used in the geography information system. It can be used to locate and obtain the data related to geography. XML is flexible and good expression. XML is also used to express the location information for wireless express to beneficial for extension and explanting. This paper presents the XML of location information, and also defines the XML schema. The construction and resolution of XML is implemented by Java.
Finally, the system is designed by object-orientation. It analyzes the system demands, sets up its model, and develops the system. The system has operations of the indoor location, processor managers and friends query to satisfy the requirements for navigation system indoors.
引文
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[4] H. Liu, H. Darabi, P. Benrjee, and J. Liu, Survey of wireless indoor positioning techniques and systems[J], IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern.C, Appl. Rev., 2007, 37(6) : 1067-1080
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[12]方林.基于GML的公路网络模型[J].南方冶金学院学报,2004,25(4):25-30
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[2]几种室内定位技术的比较[OL].http://www.jocoo.net/page/Default.asp?ID=101.
[3]王春东.王秀峰.基于802.11的室内定位算法研究[J].计算机工程,2007,33(7):94-95
[4] H. Liu, H. Darabi, P. Benrjee, and J. Liu, Survey of wireless indoor positioning techniques and systems[J], IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern.C, Appl. Rev., 2007, 37(6) : 1067-1080
[5]张明华.张申生.曹健.无线局域网中基于信号强度的室内定位[J].计算机科学,2007,34(6):68-71
[6]百度百科XML[OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/63.htm
[7]XML[OL]. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/xml/x-cert/part6/index .html
[8]百度百科XLink[OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/633922.html?fromTaglist
[9]百度百科GML[OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/609279.html
[10]Perecivall G.Open GIS Consortium [R].2002
[11]童小华.基于GML的GIS空间要素描述与应用研究[J].同济大学学报,2004,32(6):749-754
[12]方林.基于GML的公路网络模型[J].南方冶金学院学报,2004,25(4):25-30
[13]乔智君. XML在空间信息管理中的应用[OL]. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/xml/x-gis/index.html
[14]胡传荣.李云雁.试验设计与数据处理[M].化学工业出版社,2008:1.7.1
[15]张害藩.软件工程导论[M].第四版.清华大学出版社,2003:12-243
[16]曾晶.基于GPS导航的嵌入式软件设计与实现[J].时间频率学报,2004,27(1):33-39
[17] J.Satzinger. R. Jackson. S.Burd. Systems Analysis and Design in a Changing World [M].Course Technology-Thomson,2002:287-336
[18](澳大利亚)麦斯阿塞克(LeszekA.Maciaszek).王素琴,需求分析与系统设计[M].机械工业出版社,2003:157-183
[19]百度百科Android[OL].http://baike.baidu.com/view/1241829.htm
[20]曾春平.王超.张鹏. XML编程从入门到精通[M].北京希望电子出版社,2002:48-56,75-80
[21] Michael Hillborg.无线XML开发人员指南[M].清华大学出版社,2003:112-128
[22] Didier Martin等著.李醅.严春莹.马琳译.XML高级编程[M].北京机械工业出版社,2001:310-314