网络银行运作中的风险管理
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摘要
网上银行是Internet时代的必然产物和电子商务交易模式的直接要求。随着网络银行的发展，在其建立和运行中如何加强风险分析及其管理，降低网络金融服务生成的各种风险，减少网络银行在决策和经营中遭受损失的可能性，应该成为网络银行首先考虑和解决的问题。本文以网络银行的运作中存在的风险问题作为研究对象，主要从风险识别、风险分析、风险防范和风险监管几个方面分别作了探讨。
本文认为同传统商业银行相比，虽然网络银行也面临着来自外部和内部的风险，但引发风险的具体因素以及这些风险对二者的影响很不相同，某些风险因为网络银行提供电子货币和电子结算业务表现得尤其明显。目前对于网络银行运作来说，操作风险、信誉风险和法律风险可能是最主要的风险类型。
在对网络银行可能面临的风险进行识别和分析后，本文认为网上银行发展的首要问题是安全问题，可以说，在网络环境下，安全将是获得信赖、争取客户的重要保证。因此必须从技术措施和管理措施两方面来进行风险防范。
对于网络银行运作来说，其特点就是可能随着创新的发展而快速变化，这会导致原有风险因素的变化，也会产生新的风险因素。因此本文认为，必须定期评价风险处理效果，修正风险处理方法，以适应新的情况并努力达到最佳的管理效果。
The quick progress in Internet and information technology, along with the boom of e-commerce, causes fast development of Internet banking. The fundamental characteristics of the Online banking, particularly its trans-national network, the speed of change, the complex operational and security risk, lead us to conduct a study of analyze and manage the major risks associated with Internet banking, formulate risk management principles to reduce impediments. My paper is focus on Risk Management of Internet Banking, mainly about identifying, assessing, managing and controlling the risks.
This paper argues that compared with the traditional commercial banking, Internet banking also encounter the internal risks and external risks, however, the risk factors and influences imposed by those risks are quite different, especially some risks which are caused by e-money and e-settlement services of Internet banking. Generally, operational risk, reputation risk and law risk are the major risks of online banking.
After identifying and analyzing the risks, which Internet banking would meet, we can make a conclusion that security is the primary problem of the Internet banking. In another word, security is a kind of guarantee for more customers. As a result, in the paper, we must take both technological and management measures to prevent the risks.
The Internet banking changes quickly with the development, which will causes new risk factors. So, this paper argues in the end that we must regularly assess the risk manage results and modify the solutions of risks for new situation and get better manage performance.
本文认为同传统商业银行相比，虽然网络银行也面临着来自外部和内部的风险，但引发风险的具体因素以及这些风险对二者的影响很不相同，某些风险因为网络银行提供电子货币和电子结算业务表现得尤其明显。目前对于网络银行运作来说，操作风险、信誉风险和法律风险可能是最主要的风险类型。
在对网络银行可能面临的风险进行识别和分析后，本文认为网上银行发展的首要问题是安全问题，可以说，在网络环境下，安全将是获得信赖、争取客户的重要保证。因此必须从技术措施和管理措施两方面来进行风险防范。
对于网络银行运作来说，其特点就是可能随着创新的发展而快速变化，这会导致原有风险因素的变化，也会产生新的风险因素。因此本文认为，必须定期评价风险处理效果，修正风险处理方法，以适应新的情况并努力达到最佳的管理效果。
The quick progress in Internet and information technology, along with the boom of e-commerce, causes fast development of Internet banking. The fundamental characteristics of the Online banking, particularly its trans-national network, the speed of change, the complex operational and security risk, lead us to conduct a study of analyze and manage the major risks associated with Internet banking, formulate risk management principles to reduce impediments. My paper is focus on Risk Management of Internet Banking, mainly about identifying, assessing, managing and controlling the risks.
This paper argues that compared with the traditional commercial banking, Internet banking also encounter the internal risks and external risks, however, the risk factors and influences imposed by those risks are quite different, especially some risks which are caused by e-money and e-settlement services of Internet banking. Generally, operational risk, reputation risk and law risk are the major risks of online banking.
After identifying and analyzing the risks, which Internet banking would meet, we can make a conclusion that security is the primary problem of the Internet banking. In another word, security is a kind of guarantee for more customers. As a result, in the paper, we must take both technological and management measures to prevent the risks.
The Internet banking changes quickly with the development, which will causes new risk factors. So, this paper argues in the end that we must regularly assess the risk manage results and modify the solutions of risks for new situation and get better manage performance.
引文
1． 陈静，刘永康，《网上银行——技术风险及其管理》人民出版社，2001．1
2． 谢康，肖静华，《网络银行》长春出版社，2000．
3． 邵晓薇，郭雨涵，《电子商务导论——实务应用篇》中国青年出版社，2000．11
4． 金雪军，刘春杰，“网络银行的风险管理研究”，金融电子化，2000．11
5． 巴塞尔银行委员会研究报告
6． 彭路，“电子商务对现代中央银行制度的五大挑战”，中国经营报，2002．3
7． 唐应茂，“电子银行所面临的风险—电子银行的风险识别与管理”，【金融法苑】24期
8． 李小丽，汪永辉，“网络银行的风险与防范”，金融电子化，1999．7
9． 谢伏瞻，“金融技术进步对我国金融监管提出的挑战”，中国经济时报，2002．1．24
10． 蒙振华，“论网上银行在我国的建设发展面临的问题及对策”金融电子化，2000．7
11． 梁镇宇，“网络银行构建的模式选择”，金融电子化，2001．5
12． 罗航，“我国网络银行发展的制约因素及其对策”，金融电子化，1999．5
13． 倪建明，王薇薇，“网上银行失效因素及其风险防范”，金融电子化，2001．3
14． 崔宇清，“我国网上银行业务的发展现状和法律规范的拟制”，金融电子化，2000．10
15. V.Zorkadis, D.A.Karras, "Security Modeling of Electronic Commerce Infrastructures" IEEE 2000
16. Paul Wing, Brian O' Higgins, "Using Public-Key Infrastructures for Security and Risk Management" IEEE 1999
17. APEC FINANCE AND CENTRAL BANK DEPUTIES MEETING "Interim Report from APEC Working Group on Electronic Financial Transactions Systems", September 6-7,2001
18. Tripwire Inc, "Monetary Authority of Singapore of Internet banking Technology Risk Management Guidelines", White Paper, January 1, 2001
19. TruSecure Corporation, "Securing On-Line Transactions", White Paper, March 1,1999
20. META Group. Inc, "Banking on the Future", Analyst Brief, March 1,2000
2． 谢康，肖静华，《网络银行》长春出版社，2000．
3． 邵晓薇，郭雨涵，《电子商务导论——实务应用篇》中国青年出版社，2000．11
4． 金雪军，刘春杰，“网络银行的风险管理研究”，金融电子化，2000．11
5． 巴塞尔银行委员会研究报告
6． 彭路，“电子商务对现代中央银行制度的五大挑战”，中国经营报，2002．3
7． 唐应茂，“电子银行所面临的风险—电子银行的风险识别与管理”，【金融法苑】24期
8． 李小丽，汪永辉，“网络银行的风险与防范”，金融电子化，1999．7
9． 谢伏瞻，“金融技术进步对我国金融监管提出的挑战”，中国经济时报，2002．1．24
10． 蒙振华，“论网上银行在我国的建设发展面临的问题及对策”金融电子化，2000．7
11． 梁镇宇，“网络银行构建的模式选择”，金融电子化，2001．5
12． 罗航，“我国网络银行发展的制约因素及其对策”，金融电子化，1999．5
13． 倪建明，王薇薇，“网上银行失效因素及其风险防范”，金融电子化，2001．3
14． 崔宇清，“我国网上银行业务的发展现状和法律规范的拟制”，金融电子化，2000．10
15. V.Zorkadis, D.A.Karras, "Security Modeling of Electronic Commerce Infrastructures" IEEE 2000
16. Paul Wing, Brian O' Higgins, "Using Public-Key Infrastructures for Security and Risk Management" IEEE 1999
17. APEC FINANCE AND CENTRAL BANK DEPUTIES MEETING "Interim Report from APEC Working Group on Electronic Financial Transactions Systems", September 6-7,2001
18. Tripwire Inc, "Monetary Authority of Singapore of Internet banking Technology Risk Management Guidelines", White Paper, January 1, 2001
19. TruSecure Corporation, "Securing On-Line Transactions", White Paper, March 1,1999
20. META Group. Inc, "Banking on the Future", Analyst Brief, March 1,2000