弱激光照射对大鼠实验性牙移动根吸收的影响与作用
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摘要
目的:研究实验性牙移动引起的根吸收现象,及弱激光照射对大鼠实验性牙移动根吸收的影响与作用。
方法:55只Wistar大鼠,随机分成11组:阴性空白对照1组、实验组5组,接受弱激光照射;对照组5组,不接受弱激光照射,实验组和对照组每组中又分为加力1,4,7,14,21天组,每组5只。以大鼠上颌切牙为支抗牙,90g力拉上颌第一磨牙向近中移动。其中实验组大鼠颊部照射He-Ne激光。取上颌第一磨牙及其牙周组织,制作以上颌第一磨牙为中心的、近远中方向的组织切片,行HE染色、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色、TNF-α、TRAF6免疫组化染色,光镜观察并作细胞计数、根吸收面积分析、免疫组化灰度分析等图象分析,对实验结果应用简明统计软件进行两样本均数比较t检验。
结果:加力后1天,压力侧牙周膜明显变窄,宽度仅为正常牙周膜的1/3,牙周膜内出现不同程度的透明样变性,实验组透明样变明显少于对照组;根吸收早在4天后观察到,发生在玻璃样变性周边区;牙根吸收主要发生在压力侧根尖1/3处和根分叉区,7天破牙骨质细胞开始增多,照射组低于对照组(P <0.05), 14天时根表面破骨样细胞数达高峰,照射组明显低于对照组(P <0.01)。14天根吸收进展较快, 21天时根吸收基本稳定,照射组明显低于对照组(P <0.01),并且在照射组观察到根吸收的修复现象。参与根吸收的细胞为TRAP染色阳性的单核和多核破骨样细胞。牙槽骨内实验组破骨细胞4、7天多于对照组,有显著差异;但根表面破牙骨质和破牙本质细胞明显少于未接收弱激光照射的对照组。TNF-α在实验组4天达高峰,此后逐渐降低;但对照组TNF-α表达高峰位于7天时,明显迟于实验组,且根表面有多数阳性表达;在实验组和对照组的牙槽骨和牙根表面均发现TRAF6阳性染色的破骨样细胞。
结论:大鼠实验性牙移动根吸收与压力侧透明样变性密切相关;最早的根吸收发生在透明样变性周围; TNF-α是引起牙根吸收重要的炎症因子之一;TRAF6是骨改建过程中的重要信号分子;破牙细胞TRAF6阳性说明破牙质细胞激活途径类似于破骨细胞;弱激光的局部照射不仅能加快牙槽骨的改建而且能有效的减少正畸牙移动时根吸收的程度。
Root resorption associated with tooth movement is an unsolved problem in orthodontics. If such root resorption could be prevented, it would be an important contribution toward reducing risk factors in orthodontic treatment.
External apical root resorption is a sterile inflammatory process that is extremely complex and involves various disparate components, including mechanical forces, tooth roots, bone, cells, surrounding matrix, and certain known biologic messengers .It reported external apical root resorption of > 3 mm to occur at a frequency of 30%, with only 5% of treated individuals found to have > 5 mm of root resorption. The etiology of external apical root resorption following orthodontic treatment is not fully understood. We need more study to kown it clearly.
Object
The purpose of this study was to investigate the root resorption on Wister rats during experimental tooth movement and the effect of lower power laser irradiation on relief the degree of root resorption, which would provide more information on root resorption induced by experimental tooth movement and the mechanism of lower power laser irradiation on relief the root resorption.
Methods
Fifty-five Wistar rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into 11 groups on average,each group comprised 5 animals: 1 group untreated、5 group animals as irradiated group were exposured in lower power laser irradiation for 15 minutes during the experimental tooth movement、the other 5 group animals as control group were not received lower power laser irradiation during the orthodontics treatment. An orthodontic appliance, consisting of a coil spring connected the right side first molar and the two incisors by ligature wire. 90g force as the heavy force was used in experiment. The animals were sacrificed during 1、4、7、14、21days. The upper jaw, including the molars, was dissected, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, decalcified in 10% EDTA for 3 weeks and then embedded in paraffin. The mesio-buccal root of the upper first molar was examined in serial cross-sections. Sections (5μm thick) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin(H&E). Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were used for observed osteoclast cells、its precursor cells and osteoclast-like cells . TNF-α、TRAF6 were detected with immunochemical staining .
Results
After 1 day treated by 90g mesial force, the periodontium on pressure side was narrowed obviously. A lot of hyaline zone were observed more or less in pressure side, and the area of this necrosis degeneration zone in irradiated group was smaller than in control group. The earliest root resorption lacunae was detected on day 4 after experimental movement. The area of root resorption mainly happened in 2/3 crown root and bifurcation region. The number of osteoclast-like cells beside cementum got the peak on day 14, and, it is less in irradiated group than control group. On day 14, in the control group, we can found a lot of serious root loss in pressure side arrived dentine. The behavior of resorption stoped after 21days. The total area of dentine resorption lacunae in irradiated group was statistically less than that in the control group. The cells involved in root resorption are mononucleat or multinucleat cells with TRAP positive. In the alveolar bone, the maximum number of osteoclast cell appeared on day 4、7 in the irradiated group, they were significant more than control group. However, the number of odontoclast closed to root in irradiated group was statistically less than control group. The TNF-αimmunochemistry staining showed that expression of TNF-αgot the maximum on the 4 in the irradiated group, but, in control group, the maximum of exression of TNF-αappeared on the 7, however, many of them distributed beside the root of pressure. In the results of TRAF6 immunochemistry staining, TRAF6 positive expression were detected on both osteoclast cells in alveolar bone and odontoclast cells in resorption lacunae on the root surface. That probably meant that they are the same activation pathway。
conclusion
1. Root resorption related to a hyalinized zone showed a consistent pattern: Root resorption started in the circumference of the necrotic hyalinized tissue. It was detected on day 4.
2. Mono- and multi-nucleated TRAP-positive cells were participating in active removal of the hyalinized tissue toward the root surface, and in resorption of cementum and dentine.
3. The area of root resorption lacunae on the root surface increased sharply on day 14. And, it was less in irradiated group than in control group.
4. Lower power laser irradiation can not only increase the turnover of the bone and periodontal ligament during the tooth movement but also protect root from resorption.
5. Lower power laser irradiation can promote root repair. The repair was observed on the 21 in the irradiation group.
6. The cells involved in root resorption Mono- and multi-nucleated TRAP-positive cells, both osteoclast cell and odontoclast cell expressed TRAF6 positive production, they were similar cell system, and may be have the same activation pathway.
方法:55只Wistar大鼠,随机分成11组:阴性空白对照1组、实验组5组,接受弱激光照射;对照组5组,不接受弱激光照射,实验组和对照组每组中又分为加力1,4,7,14,21天组,每组5只。以大鼠上颌切牙为支抗牙,90g力拉上颌第一磨牙向近中移动。其中实验组大鼠颊部照射He-Ne激光。取上颌第一磨牙及其牙周组织,制作以上颌第一磨牙为中心的、近远中方向的组织切片,行HE染色、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色、TNF-α、TRAF6免疫组化染色,光镜观察并作细胞计数、根吸收面积分析、免疫组化灰度分析等图象分析,对实验结果应用简明统计软件进行两样本均数比较t检验。
结果:加力后1天,压力侧牙周膜明显变窄,宽度仅为正常牙周膜的1/3,牙周膜内出现不同程度的透明样变性,实验组透明样变明显少于对照组;根吸收早在4天后观察到,发生在玻璃样变性周边区;牙根吸收主要发生在压力侧根尖1/3处和根分叉区,7天破牙骨质细胞开始增多,照射组低于对照组(P <0.05), 14天时根表面破骨样细胞数达高峰,照射组明显低于对照组(P <0.01)。14天根吸收进展较快, 21天时根吸收基本稳定,照射组明显低于对照组(P <0.01),并且在照射组观察到根吸收的修复现象。参与根吸收的细胞为TRAP染色阳性的单核和多核破骨样细胞。牙槽骨内实验组破骨细胞4、7天多于对照组,有显著差异;但根表面破牙骨质和破牙本质细胞明显少于未接收弱激光照射的对照组。TNF-α在实验组4天达高峰,此后逐渐降低;但对照组TNF-α表达高峰位于7天时,明显迟于实验组,且根表面有多数阳性表达;在实验组和对照组的牙槽骨和牙根表面均发现TRAF6阳性染色的破骨样细胞。
结论:大鼠实验性牙移动根吸收与压力侧透明样变性密切相关;最早的根吸收发生在透明样变性周围; TNF-α是引起牙根吸收重要的炎症因子之一;TRAF6是骨改建过程中的重要信号分子;破牙细胞TRAF6阳性说明破牙质细胞激活途径类似于破骨细胞;弱激光的局部照射不仅能加快牙槽骨的改建而且能有效的减少正畸牙移动时根吸收的程度。
Root resorption associated with tooth movement is an unsolved problem in orthodontics. If such root resorption could be prevented, it would be an important contribution toward reducing risk factors in orthodontic treatment.
External apical root resorption is a sterile inflammatory process that is extremely complex and involves various disparate components, including mechanical forces, tooth roots, bone, cells, surrounding matrix, and certain known biologic messengers .It reported external apical root resorption of > 3 mm to occur at a frequency of 30%, with only 5% of treated individuals found to have > 5 mm of root resorption. The etiology of external apical root resorption following orthodontic treatment is not fully understood. We need more study to kown it clearly.
Object
The purpose of this study was to investigate the root resorption on Wister rats during experimental tooth movement and the effect of lower power laser irradiation on relief the degree of root resorption, which would provide more information on root resorption induced by experimental tooth movement and the mechanism of lower power laser irradiation on relief the root resorption.
Methods
Fifty-five Wistar rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into 11 groups on average,each group comprised 5 animals: 1 group untreated、5 group animals as irradiated group were exposured in lower power laser irradiation for 15 minutes during the experimental tooth movement、the other 5 group animals as control group were not received lower power laser irradiation during the orthodontics treatment. An orthodontic appliance, consisting of a coil spring connected the right side first molar and the two incisors by ligature wire. 90g force as the heavy force was used in experiment. The animals were sacrificed during 1、4、7、14、21days. The upper jaw, including the molars, was dissected, fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, decalcified in 10% EDTA for 3 weeks and then embedded in paraffin. The mesio-buccal root of the upper first molar was examined in serial cross-sections. Sections (5μm thick) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin(H&E). Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining were used for observed osteoclast cells、its precursor cells and osteoclast-like cells . TNF-α、TRAF6 were detected with immunochemical staining .
Results
After 1 day treated by 90g mesial force, the periodontium on pressure side was narrowed obviously. A lot of hyaline zone were observed more or less in pressure side, and the area of this necrosis degeneration zone in irradiated group was smaller than in control group. The earliest root resorption lacunae was detected on day 4 after experimental movement. The area of root resorption mainly happened in 2/3 crown root and bifurcation region. The number of osteoclast-like cells beside cementum got the peak on day 14, and, it is less in irradiated group than control group. On day 14, in the control group, we can found a lot of serious root loss in pressure side arrived dentine. The behavior of resorption stoped after 21days. The total area of dentine resorption lacunae in irradiated group was statistically less than that in the control group. The cells involved in root resorption are mononucleat or multinucleat cells with TRAP positive. In the alveolar bone, the maximum number of osteoclast cell appeared on day 4、7 in the irradiated group, they were significant more than control group. However, the number of odontoclast closed to root in irradiated group was statistically less than control group. The TNF-αimmunochemistry staining showed that expression of TNF-αgot the maximum on the 4 in the irradiated group, but, in control group, the maximum of exression of TNF-αappeared on the 7, however, many of them distributed beside the root of pressure. In the results of TRAF6 immunochemistry staining, TRAF6 positive expression were detected on both osteoclast cells in alveolar bone and odontoclast cells in resorption lacunae on the root surface. That probably meant that they are the same activation pathway。
conclusion
1. Root resorption related to a hyalinized zone showed a consistent pattern: Root resorption started in the circumference of the necrotic hyalinized tissue. It was detected on day 4.
2. Mono- and multi-nucleated TRAP-positive cells were participating in active removal of the hyalinized tissue toward the root surface, and in resorption of cementum and dentine.
3. The area of root resorption lacunae on the root surface increased sharply on day 14. And, it was less in irradiated group than in control group.
4. Lower power laser irradiation can not only increase the turnover of the bone and periodontal ligament during the tooth movement but also protect root from resorption.
5. Lower power laser irradiation can promote root repair. The repair was observed on the 21 in the irradiation group.
6. The cells involved in root resorption Mono- and multi-nucleated TRAP-positive cells, both osteoclast cell and odontoclast cell expressed TRAF6 positive production, they were similar cell system, and may be have the same activation pathway.
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