盐杜仲的化学成分与质量标准研究
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摘要
杜仲科杜仲属植物杜仲Eucommia ulmoides Oliver为我国特有树种,又名丝连皮,思仲等,属落叶乔木,以其皮和叶为主要药用部位。杜仲树皮自古便以名贵药材著称,具有强筋、壮骨、安胎及降压等功效。
盐制杜仲为《药典》收载的炮制品,且临床使用杜仲以其盐制品居多。杜仲的化学成分国内外报道较多,但其盐制品相对较少,为阐明其盐制后的有效成分和药用依据,对其化学成分进行了研究。应用现代色谱、波谱技术从中分离并鉴定了8个化合物,其中双氧环木脂素类化合物2个：松脂醇二葡萄糖苷((+) pinoresinol di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,DZ-1)、丁香树脂酚((+)-syringaresinol, DZ-5);环稀醚萜类化合物2个：京尼平苷酸(geniposidic acid, DZ-2)、栀子苷(geniposidic, DZ-3);苯丙素类化合物1个：绿原酸(chlorogenic acid, DZ-4);其他萜类化合物3个：白桦脂醇(Betulin, DZ-6)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol, DZ-7)、β-胡萝卜苷(β-daucosterol, DZ-8)。
松脂醇二葡萄糖苷(PDG)为杜仲中主要的降压活性成分,其高效液相法含量测定收载于2005年版《中国药典》一部,并将在2010年版《中国药典》一部中新增盐制杜仲的质量控制项。但在实验过程中发现,通过改变色谱条件,可将《药典》方法中的PDG指标峰分出一个含量占7.54%的杂质峰,针对这一发现重新建立了盐制杜仲中PDG的HPLC含量测定方法并补充了TLC薄层鉴别法。由于新的高效液相法含量测定需要较长的分析时间,存在一定不足,于是使用目前较为先进的超高效液相法对杜仲药材及其盐制品中的PDG的含量进行测定,在色谱条件等考察因素大致相同的情况下,达到了短时、高效、节约溶剂等目的。
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver belongs to Zelkova, Eucommia Family, which is endemic to China, also known as silk with skin, is one kind of macrophanerophytes, with its skin and leaves as the main medicinal part. Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark was regarded as rare medicinal herbs since ancient times, has the efficacy of gluten, strong bone, preventing miscarriage and blood pressure and other effects.
Eucommia ulmoides processed with salt water is a Preparata procuct, which was included in the Pharmacopoeia of the P.R.C. The chemical constituents of Eucommia ulmoides were usually coveraged, but the salt products were relatively few. To clarify its active ingredients and medicinal efficiency, the application of modern chromatographic, spectroscopic techniques were used to study its chemical composition.8 compositons were isolated including bisepoxylignans 2 compounds:(+)pinoresinol di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, DZ-1 and (+)-syringaresinol, DZ-5. Iridoid glycoside 2 compounds:geniposidic acid, DZ-2 and geniposidic, DZ-3. Phenylpropanoids 1 compounds:chlorogenic acid, DZ-4. Other terpenoids:Betulin, DZ-6 andβ-sitosterol, DZ-7 andβ-daucosterol, DZ-8.
Pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) is the main hypotensive constituents of Eucommia ulmoides. The HPLC determination contained in Pharmacopoeia of the P.R.C (Edition 2005, Volume I), and in Pharmacopoeia of the P.R.C. (Edition 2005, Volume I) the salt procuct was added as the quality control system of Eucommia. However, the experiment found that by changing the chromatographic conditions, the word "Pharmacopoeia" method in the PDG targets a peak separation of content accounted for 7.54%of impurities. In view of this system was found to re-establish the salt content in Eucommia PDG for HPLC determination and added the TLC scanning. This new HPLC method for determination took a longer analysis time, as a result, the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography on Eucommia ulmoides herbs and salt content of products in the PDG was used. In the similar chromatographic conditions, the new method reaches the aim of time saving, solvent saving and acquires the high efficiency.
盐制杜仲为《药典》收载的炮制品,且临床使用杜仲以其盐制品居多。杜仲的化学成分国内外报道较多,但其盐制品相对较少,为阐明其盐制后的有效成分和药用依据,对其化学成分进行了研究。应用现代色谱、波谱技术从中分离并鉴定了8个化合物,其中双氧环木脂素类化合物2个：松脂醇二葡萄糖苷((+) pinoresinol di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,DZ-1)、丁香树脂酚((+)-syringaresinol, DZ-5);环稀醚萜类化合物2个：京尼平苷酸(geniposidic acid, DZ-2)、栀子苷(geniposidic, DZ-3);苯丙素类化合物1个：绿原酸(chlorogenic acid, DZ-4);其他萜类化合物3个：白桦脂醇(Betulin, DZ-6)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol, DZ-7)、β-胡萝卜苷(β-daucosterol, DZ-8)。
松脂醇二葡萄糖苷(PDG)为杜仲中主要的降压活性成分,其高效液相法含量测定收载于2005年版《中国药典》一部,并将在2010年版《中国药典》一部中新增盐制杜仲的质量控制项。但在实验过程中发现,通过改变色谱条件,可将《药典》方法中的PDG指标峰分出一个含量占7.54%的杂质峰,针对这一发现重新建立了盐制杜仲中PDG的HPLC含量测定方法并补充了TLC薄层鉴别法。由于新的高效液相法含量测定需要较长的分析时间,存在一定不足,于是使用目前较为先进的超高效液相法对杜仲药材及其盐制品中的PDG的含量进行测定,在色谱条件等考察因素大致相同的情况下,达到了短时、高效、节约溶剂等目的。
Eucommia ulmoides Oliver belongs to Zelkova, Eucommia Family, which is endemic to China, also known as silk with skin, is one kind of macrophanerophytes, with its skin and leaves as the main medicinal part. Eucommia ulmoides Oliver bark was regarded as rare medicinal herbs since ancient times, has the efficacy of gluten, strong bone, preventing miscarriage and blood pressure and other effects.
Eucommia ulmoides processed with salt water is a Preparata procuct, which was included in the Pharmacopoeia of the P.R.C. The chemical constituents of Eucommia ulmoides were usually coveraged, but the salt products were relatively few. To clarify its active ingredients and medicinal efficiency, the application of modern chromatographic, spectroscopic techniques were used to study its chemical composition.8 compositons were isolated including bisepoxylignans 2 compounds:(+)pinoresinol di-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, DZ-1 and (+)-syringaresinol, DZ-5. Iridoid glycoside 2 compounds:geniposidic acid, DZ-2 and geniposidic, DZ-3. Phenylpropanoids 1 compounds:chlorogenic acid, DZ-4. Other terpenoids:Betulin, DZ-6 andβ-sitosterol, DZ-7 andβ-daucosterol, DZ-8.
Pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) is the main hypotensive constituents of Eucommia ulmoides. The HPLC determination contained in Pharmacopoeia of the P.R.C (Edition 2005, Volume I), and in Pharmacopoeia of the P.R.C. (Edition 2005, Volume I) the salt procuct was added as the quality control system of Eucommia. However, the experiment found that by changing the chromatographic conditions, the word "Pharmacopoeia" method in the PDG targets a peak separation of content accounted for 7.54%of impurities. In view of this system was found to re-establish the salt content in Eucommia PDG for HPLC determination and added the TLC scanning. This new HPLC method for determination took a longer analysis time, as a result, the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography on Eucommia ulmoides herbs and salt content of products in the PDG was used. In the similar chromatographic conditions, the new method reaches the aim of time saving, solvent saving and acquires the high efficiency.
引文
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2.盛军利,孙佳菊.杜仲的工效学研究现状及其应用前景.医学综述,2006,12(16)：1022-1024.
3.辛晓明,冯雷,王浩,等.杜仲的化学成分及药理活性研究进展.医学综述,2007,13(19)：1507-1509.
4.宋研,许激扬.杜仲木质素类化合物降压药效学研究与机制初探.中医药学刊,2006,24(10)：1934-1935.
5.刘静.杜仲叶提取物的体外扛氧化作用.陕西教育学院学报,2007,23(2)：65-67.
6.王宇华,许惠琴,狄留庆,等.生杜仲和盐杜仲对小鼠免疫功能的影响和抗疲劳作用研究.中药药理与临床,2008,24(2)：49-50.
7.吕锦芳,李东风,司武松,等.不同炮制法杜仲叶与杜仲皮对小鼠耳廓肿胀抑制作用的实验研究.中国中医药科技,2006,13(6)：399-400.
8.刘守廷.杜仲炮制前后药材及水煎剂中七种微量元素的变化.中国中药杂志,1989,14(10)： 20.
9.续俊文,李东,赵平.杜仲的化学成分(再报).植物学报,1959,31(2)：132-136.
10. Takeshi Deyama. The constituents of Eucommia ulmoides OLIV. I. Isolation of (+)-Medioresinol Di-O-B-D-glucopyranoside. Chem. Pharm. Bull.1983,34(9):2993-2997.
11.颜佩芳,刘桂英,赵士敏,等.平车前化学成分的研究.中国药学杂志,2009,44(1)：19-21.
12.陈红,肖永庆,李丽,等.桅子化学成分研究.中国中药杂志,2007,32(11)：1041-1043.
13. Yuanqiang Guo, Jing Xu, Yushan Li, et al. Iridoids and Sesquiterpenoids with NGF-Potentiating Activity from the Rhizomes and Roots of Valeriana fauriei. Chem.Pharm.Bull.2006,54(1):123-125.
14. Takeshi Degama. Chem Pharm Bull,1987,35(5):1785.
15.费嘉,乔善义.丁香脂素的全合成.天然产物的研究与开发,2006,18：257-259.
16. A.A. Shahat, N.S. Abdel-Azim, L. Pieters, et al. Isolation and NMR spectra of syringaresinol-β-D-glucoside from Cressa cretica. Fitoterapia,2004,75:771-773
17.冯锋,朱明晓,谢宁.毛冬青化学成分研究.中国药学杂志,2008,43(10)：732-736.
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