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纺线张力在线监控系统的设计
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摘要
在丝绸纺织品加工过程中,纺线张力是一个十分重要的参数,它的大小和稳定性直接关系到产品质量和生产效率。张力波动越大则产品质量越差,并会影响后序加工的产品外观及舒适性。因此需要对生产过程中纺线张力加以监测与控制,以减小纺线张力的波动。
     国内对纺线张力的监测大多还停留在随机抽检阶段,其监测的准确性和效率都很低;国外的一些监测设备可以实现对纺线张力的实时监测,但价格昂贵且技术保密。鉴于这样的背景,本文提出了一种纺线张力在线监控系统的方案。该系统主要包含了传感器设计和张力监控两大部分,使用电阻应变式传感器结合单片机处理的技术,完成张力到电压的转变,利于张力的采集和提高测量准确性。同时为了能投入生产使用,本系统能对多路传感器信号进行检测,将数据实时显示并保存,用户可以通过操作界面调整电压改变张力值,达到纺线张力趋于稳定的目的。
     系统的硬件部分包括了电桥电路、小信号放大电路、多路信号采集电路、高精度AD转换电路和主控电路的设计。软件部分包括了传感器数据建模、非线性和温度补偿、高精度AD芯片与控制芯片的通信、数据上传数据库保存。用户部分主要是上位机Android平板电脑的软件编写,为使用者提供一个操作界面,能够根据实时采集的结果相应调整电机的状态,使得张力能趋于稳定。
     本文设计的系统经过试验论证,不仅能解决张力传感器的时漂、温漂和噪声干扰等问题,更重要的是能实现多路信号采集,数据准确精度高,实时显示与保存,达到了在线监控的效果,能够投入生产使用中。
Yarn tension is an important parameter as its size and stability directly influence the quality and efficiency of products during the textile process. The more the yarn tension vibrates,the worse the yarn quality is. The yarn tension will affect the appearance and comfort of the products made of the yarn. So the yarn tension is needed to be measured and controlled in the textile process to limit the vibration of the yarn tension.
     This paper puts forward a method by designing yarn tension on-line monitoring system against this background. The system mainly consists of sensor designing part and tension controling part and combines resistance strain sensor with MCU technology in order to transform tension to voltage,which is helpful for tension acquisition and the measurement accuracy improvement. At the same time this system can detect multi-channel sensor,display and save the real-time data,and user can adjust tension values by operating interface to make yarn tension stable.
     The hardware part is made up of bridge circuit,small signal amplifier circuit,multi-channel signal acquisition circuit,high precision AD conversion circuit and main control circuit. The software part is made up of the sensor output data modeling,nonlinear and temperature compensation,the communication between AD chip and MCU,storing data in database. The user part is mainly writing programme for Android tablet,providing the users with an interface that can be used to adjust motor state in order to achieve stable yarn tension.
     This system not only can solve time drift,temperature drift,noise interference issues of tension sensor,but can realize multi-channel signal acquisition,real-time display and preserve,that is on-line monitoring,so this system can be put into use.
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