基于地震动参数的烈度计算方法研究
|
摘要
地震发生后,根据强震动台站获得记录的地震动参数与地震烈度的经验关系,可以快速地评估地震烈度的空间分布,确定地震极灾区,为政府开展应急救援并合理地分配救援力量、物资等提供依据。那么用什么地震动参数能快速地并且相对准确地计算出地震烈度值呢?这个问题由来已久,国内外很多专家学者都进行过相关研究。本文通过分析研究美国地质调查局和日本气象厅的方法,综合两者的优点,开展了一些研究,主要内容如下:
第一,分析了日本、美国及我国三种仪器烈度计算方法。对仪器烈度的提出背景、演变过程、计算步骤、优缺点进行了详细地阐述。
第二,通过对大量强震记录的统计分析,讨论了滤波频带对峰值加速度的影响,提出了适合我国建筑结构的滤波频带范围,并讨论了应该选用何种峰值加速度:三分向合成加速度峰值A_(all)还是持时大于等于0.3秒的加速度峰值A0.3。
第三,利用国内具有现场调查烈度的强震动记录,统计建立了不同地震烈度(VI度～VIII度)与三分向的加速度A_(all)、速度Vall间的经验关系。
第四,利用汶川地震的强震记录对不同烈度计算方法进行了检验验证。结果表明,本文的方法优于我国的峰值评定方法和多参数模糊方法,如假定评定结果与实际调查结果相差±1度都可接受时,本文方法的可接受率为100%。
本文对基于地震动参数计算烈度的方法进行了研究,其结果可为地震烈度速报提供参考依据。
After earthquake event, spatial distribution of seismic intensity of the event and extremely destructed area could be quickly located by means of the empirical relationship, which has been proposed for years, between ground-motion parameters and seismic intensity. This can provide a basis for the government to carry out emergency relief and reasonable distribution of relief supplies. However, a question about using which ground motion parameter to calculate the instrumental seismic intensity will be more quickly and efficiently still haven’t been solved. In this paper, further research were made on the two computational methods (One was proposed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and another one was proposed by the Japan Meteorological Agency) and a new method which takes the advantages of the two methods was initiated to determine the instrumental seismic intensity.
The main research contents are as follow:
1) The computational methods of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Japan Meteorological Agency and of China were analyzed and introduced respectively. Meanwhile, the background, evolution process, calculation steps, advantages and disadvantages of those methods which were used to calculate the instrumental seismic intensity were clarified.
2) The paper analyzed a large number of strong motion records, discussed whether or not to filter, and proposed filtering frequency range that suit to the site condition of China, and then discussed that which sort of acceleration should be choosed, the A0.3 which satisfies more than 0.3 seconds duration or the A_(all) which is synthesized by three components .
3) We take the area where there have both the seismic intensity and strong ground-motion data to build the empirical formula of the A_(all) to seismic intensity and Vall to seismic intensity while the seismic intensity is between VI to VIII degrees.
4) In this paper, we verified the seismic intensity of the empirical formula with the records of Wenchuan earthquake. The result shows that the method which was proposed by this paper is better that the other two methods which were mentioned above. Assume that±1 degree difference between the instrumental seismic intensity and seismic intensity is acceptable,the result of this method is acceptable at almost 100 percent.
Further research about calculating instrumental seismic intensity was discussed and a new method for calculating instrumental seismic intensity was provided in this paper. We hope that this research can provide a useful reference to seismic intensity rapid assessment.
第一,分析了日本、美国及我国三种仪器烈度计算方法。对仪器烈度的提出背景、演变过程、计算步骤、优缺点进行了详细地阐述。
第二,通过对大量强震记录的统计分析,讨论了滤波频带对峰值加速度的影响,提出了适合我国建筑结构的滤波频带范围,并讨论了应该选用何种峰值加速度:三分向合成加速度峰值A_(all)还是持时大于等于0.3秒的加速度峰值A0.3。
第三,利用国内具有现场调查烈度的强震动记录,统计建立了不同地震烈度(VI度～VIII度)与三分向的加速度A_(all)、速度Vall间的经验关系。
第四,利用汶川地震的强震记录对不同烈度计算方法进行了检验验证。结果表明,本文的方法优于我国的峰值评定方法和多参数模糊方法,如假定评定结果与实际调查结果相差±1度都可接受时,本文方法的可接受率为100%。
本文对基于地震动参数计算烈度的方法进行了研究,其结果可为地震烈度速报提供参考依据。
After earthquake event, spatial distribution of seismic intensity of the event and extremely destructed area could be quickly located by means of the empirical relationship, which has been proposed for years, between ground-motion parameters and seismic intensity. This can provide a basis for the government to carry out emergency relief and reasonable distribution of relief supplies. However, a question about using which ground motion parameter to calculate the instrumental seismic intensity will be more quickly and efficiently still haven’t been solved. In this paper, further research were made on the two computational methods (One was proposed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and another one was proposed by the Japan Meteorological Agency) and a new method which takes the advantages of the two methods was initiated to determine the instrumental seismic intensity.
The main research contents are as follow:
1) The computational methods of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Japan Meteorological Agency and of China were analyzed and introduced respectively. Meanwhile, the background, evolution process, calculation steps, advantages and disadvantages of those methods which were used to calculate the instrumental seismic intensity were clarified.
2) The paper analyzed a large number of strong motion records, discussed whether or not to filter, and proposed filtering frequency range that suit to the site condition of China, and then discussed that which sort of acceleration should be choosed, the A0.3 which satisfies more than 0.3 seconds duration or the A_(all) which is synthesized by three components .
3) We take the area where there have both the seismic intensity and strong ground-motion data to build the empirical formula of the A_(all) to seismic intensity and Vall to seismic intensity while the seismic intensity is between VI to VIII degrees.
4) In this paper, we verified the seismic intensity of the empirical formula with the records of Wenchuan earthquake. The result shows that the method which was proposed by this paper is better that the other two methods which were mentioned above. Assume that±1 degree difference between the instrumental seismic intensity and seismic intensity is acceptable,the result of this method is acceptable at almost 100 percent.
Further research about calculating instrumental seismic intensity was discussed and a new method for calculating instrumental seismic intensity was provided in this paper. We hope that this research can provide a useful reference to seismic intensity rapid assessment.
引文
[1]郝敏,谢礼立,921台湾集集地震的烈度等震线[J],哈尔滨工业大学学报,2007, 39(2):169-172.
[2]何加勇等,地震烈度分布快速产出发展概况[J].国际地震动态,2004,6-9.
[3]胡聿贤,地震安全性评价技术教程[M],北京:地震出版社,1999.
[4]胡聿贤,地震工程学[M],北京:地震出版社,1988.
[5]金星等,地震仪器烈度标准研究报告[R],福州:福建省地震局,2010.
[6]李大华,左惠强,地震烈度与地震动峰值的转换[J].地震学报,1991,13(1):32-40.
[7]李敏,地震动加速度反应谱与地震烈度的关系研究[D],哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士研究生学位论文. 2010.
[8]李山有,金星,陈先,马强,地震动强度与地震烈度速报研究[J],地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(6):1-7.
[9]李山有,金星,马强,宋晋东,地震预警系统与智能应急控制系统研究[J],地震工程与工程振动,2004,20(4):21-26.
[10]李小军等,设计地震动参数确定中的场地影响考虑[J].世界地震工程,2001,17(4):34-41.
[11]刘恢先,关于地震烈度及其工程应用问题[J],地球物理学报,1978,21(4).
[12]刘恢先,地震工程学论文集[C],北京:地震出版社,1994.
[13]卢荣俭,一场关于地震烈度的论战:“烈度革命”还是“革烈度的命”?[J],城市防灾减灾,1999.
[14]王虎栓,论地震烈度的定量尺度[D],哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所博士论文,1991.
[15]王玉石等,基于假设检验的地震动强度(烈度)速报方法[J],地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(5):49-54.
[16]于海英等,汶川8.0级地震强震动特征初步分析[J],震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):321-336.
[17]袁一凡,由地震动三要素确定地震动强度(烈度)的研究[R],中国地震局工程力学研究所,1998.
[18]张红才,基于地震监测台网资料的震动图及震动烈度研究[D],哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士学位论文,2008.
[19]张明,仪器烈度计算方法及标准的初步研究[D],哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士研究生学位论文,2010.
[20]中国地震烈度表(GB/T 17742-2008)[S].
[21]周雍年,强震观测的发展趋势和任务[Z],科技委论坛,2001.
[22]周正华,周雍年,赵刚,强震近场加速度峰值比和反应谱统计分析[J],地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):15-18.
[23] Allen, R. and Kanamori, H., 2003. The potential for earthquake early warning in South California, Science, 300, 786-789.
[24] David J. Wald, M. Eeri, et al. TriNet "ShakeMap": Rapid generation of peakground motion and intensity maps for earthquakes in southern California. Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1999.
[25] Fraas K. et al. (1997), Seismic re-evaluation and upgrading of Bohunice NPP, Proc. SMiRT 14 Post Conference Seminar No. 16, Vienna.
[26] Heaton T.H. (1985). A model for a seismic computerised alert network, Science, vol. 228, pp. 987-990.
[27] http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/shakemap.
[28] http://renda.hefei.gov.cn/n7216006/n8942304/n8942423/18184258.html.
[29] Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Shindo wo Shiru (Note on the JMA seismic intensity). Gyosei 1996;46–224 (in Japanese).
[30] Journal of Natural Disater Science,Volume 24,Number 1,2002
[31] Kanamori, H., Maechling, P., and Hauksson, E., 1999. Continuous monitoring of groundmotion parameters, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 89, 311-316.
[32] Kazi R.Karim, et al.Correlation of JMA instrumental seismic intensity with strong motion parameters.Earthquake Engng Struct.Dyn.2002;31;1191-1212.
[33] Lee W.H.K., Shin T.C., Teng T.L. (1996), Design and implementation of earthquake early warning systems in Taiwan, Proc. 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Acapulco, Mexico.
[34] Martin WIELAND, et al.SEISMIC EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT , 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
[35] Midorikawa S, Fukuoka T. Correlation of Japan meteorological agency intensity scale with physical parameters of earthquake ground motion. Zishin 1988; 41(2):223–233 (in Japanese).
[36] Midorikawa S. The correlation of the Japan meteorological agency intensity scale with physical parameters of strong ground motions. Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, vol. 2, 1982; 103–110.
[37] Nakamura Y. (1996), Real-time information systems for hazards mitigation, Proc. 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Acapulco, Mexico.
[38] WOOD, H.O., F.Neumann.Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931.Bulletin of The Seismological Society of America.1931.
[39] Wu Yih-Min, et al. Near Real-Time Mapping of Peak Ground Acceleration and Peak Ground Velocity Following a Strong Earthquake. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 2001,91(5).
[40] Yamazaki F, Noda S, Meguro K. Developments of early earthquake damage assessment systems in Japan.Proceedings of ICOSSAR’97, Structural Safety and Reliability, 1998; 1573–1580.
[41] Yasuko Kuwata, et al.Instantaneous Instrumental Seismic Intensity and Evacution.
[42] Yasuko Kuwata, Shiro Takada Instrumental Seismic intensity and evacuation. Journal of Natural Disaster Science Vol.24, No.1, 1, 2002.
[43] Yuan Yifan, Impact of intensity and loss assessment following the great Wenchuan Earthquake. Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Vol.7, No.3, September, 2008.
[2]何加勇等,地震烈度分布快速产出发展概况[J].国际地震动态,2004,6-9.
[3]胡聿贤,地震安全性评价技术教程[M],北京:地震出版社,1999.
[4]胡聿贤,地震工程学[M],北京:地震出版社,1988.
[5]金星等,地震仪器烈度标准研究报告[R],福州:福建省地震局,2010.
[6]李大华,左惠强,地震烈度与地震动峰值的转换[J].地震学报,1991,13(1):32-40.
[7]李敏,地震动加速度反应谱与地震烈度的关系研究[D],哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士研究生学位论文. 2010.
[8]李山有,金星,陈先,马强,地震动强度与地震烈度速报研究[J],地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(6):1-7.
[9]李山有,金星,马强,宋晋东,地震预警系统与智能应急控制系统研究[J],地震工程与工程振动,2004,20(4):21-26.
[10]李小军等,设计地震动参数确定中的场地影响考虑[J].世界地震工程,2001,17(4):34-41.
[11]刘恢先,关于地震烈度及其工程应用问题[J],地球物理学报,1978,21(4).
[12]刘恢先,地震工程学论文集[C],北京:地震出版社,1994.
[13]卢荣俭,一场关于地震烈度的论战:“烈度革命”还是“革烈度的命”?[J],城市防灾减灾,1999.
[14]王虎栓,论地震烈度的定量尺度[D],哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所博士论文,1991.
[15]王玉石等,基于假设检验的地震动强度(烈度)速报方法[J],地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(5):49-54.
[16]于海英等,汶川8.0级地震强震动特征初步分析[J],震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):321-336.
[17]袁一凡,由地震动三要素确定地震动强度(烈度)的研究[R],中国地震局工程力学研究所,1998.
[18]张红才,基于地震监测台网资料的震动图及震动烈度研究[D],哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士学位论文,2008.
[19]张明,仪器烈度计算方法及标准的初步研究[D],哈尔滨:中国地震局工程力学研究所硕士研究生学位论文,2010.
[20]中国地震烈度表(GB/T 17742-2008)[S].
[21]周雍年,强震观测的发展趋势和任务[Z],科技委论坛,2001.
[22]周正华,周雍年,赵刚,强震近场加速度峰值比和反应谱统计分析[J],地震工程与工程振动,2002,22(3):15-18.
[23] Allen, R. and Kanamori, H., 2003. The potential for earthquake early warning in South California, Science, 300, 786-789.
[24] David J. Wald, M. Eeri, et al. TriNet "ShakeMap": Rapid generation of peakground motion and intensity maps for earthquakes in southern California. Earthquake Spectra, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1999.
[25] Fraas K. et al. (1997), Seismic re-evaluation and upgrading of Bohunice NPP, Proc. SMiRT 14 Post Conference Seminar No. 16, Vienna.
[26] Heaton T.H. (1985). A model for a seismic computerised alert network, Science, vol. 228, pp. 987-990.
[27] http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/shakemap.
[28] http://renda.hefei.gov.cn/n7216006/n8942304/n8942423/18184258.html.
[29] Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Shindo wo Shiru (Note on the JMA seismic intensity). Gyosei 1996;46–224 (in Japanese).
[30] Journal of Natural Disater Science,Volume 24,Number 1,2002
[31] Kanamori, H., Maechling, P., and Hauksson, E., 1999. Continuous monitoring of groundmotion parameters, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 89, 311-316.
[32] Kazi R.Karim, et al.Correlation of JMA instrumental seismic intensity with strong motion parameters.Earthquake Engng Struct.Dyn.2002;31;1191-1212.
[33] Lee W.H.K., Shin T.C., Teng T.L. (1996), Design and implementation of earthquake early warning systems in Taiwan, Proc. 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Acapulco, Mexico.
[34] Martin WIELAND, et al.SEISMIC EARLY WARNING SYSTEM FOR A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT , 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.
[35] Midorikawa S, Fukuoka T. Correlation of Japan meteorological agency intensity scale with physical parameters of earthquake ground motion. Zishin 1988; 41(2):223–233 (in Japanese).
[36] Midorikawa S. The correlation of the Japan meteorological agency intensity scale with physical parameters of strong ground motions. Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, vol. 2, 1982; 103–110.
[37] Nakamura Y. (1996), Real-time information systems for hazards mitigation, Proc. 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Acapulco, Mexico.
[38] WOOD, H.O., F.Neumann.Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale of 1931.Bulletin of The Seismological Society of America.1931.
[39] Wu Yih-Min, et al. Near Real-Time Mapping of Peak Ground Acceleration and Peak Ground Velocity Following a Strong Earthquake. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 2001,91(5).
[40] Yamazaki F, Noda S, Meguro K. Developments of early earthquake damage assessment systems in Japan.Proceedings of ICOSSAR’97, Structural Safety and Reliability, 1998; 1573–1580.
[41] Yasuko Kuwata, et al.Instantaneous Instrumental Seismic Intensity and Evacution.
[42] Yasuko Kuwata, Shiro Takada Instrumental Seismic intensity and evacuation. Journal of Natural Disaster Science Vol.24, No.1, 1, 2002.
[43] Yuan Yifan, Impact of intensity and loss assessment following the great Wenchuan Earthquake. Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Vol.7, No.3, September, 2008.