农村异地联姻婚姻质量研究
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摘要
本文通过与本地联姻对象的比较,了解异地联姻对象及其家庭的基本特征和择偶模式,分析异地联姻者的婚姻质量及其影响因素,为国家“构建和谐社会”和“新农村新家庭”建设提供政策决策依据。研究采用两阶段抽样方法,抽取江苏省吴江市6个乡镇6个村的本地联姻和异地联姻各300对已婚夫妇进行以自填为主的问卷调查。最终获得有效问卷1010份。问卷调查内容涉及基本情况、恋爱与择偶、婚姻质量等方面。
通过资料分析,研究主要得出以下结论：(1)异地联姻异地方以女性、来自经济落后地区为主,个人特征与婚入地人群相近。20世纪异地联姻者中本地方结婚时年龄偏大、文化程度略低,21世纪异地联姻者异地方与本地联姻对象相似。夫妻个人资源差与本地联姻夫妇相似,性格上同质化比例更高。与本地联姻相比,异地联姻本地方婚前家庭条件略差,婚后则相近。(2)异地联姻夫妇的择偶途径以第一生活领域(家庭)为主,但在逐步往第二(工作)、第三(业余生活)生活领域过渡。男女择偶标准趋同,优先关注感情、健康、性格和人品因素,地方社会经济环境是异地联姻重要的外在动力。(3)异地联姻对象在婚姻质量的5个维度的得分分别为：婚姻生活满意度79.75分、对配偶满意度78.81分、物质生活满意度66.91分、夫妻亲密性60.53分和夫妻和谐88.77分,异地联姻家庭的婚姻质量与本地联姻家庭相似。外来媳妇家庭妻子对婚姻质量的评价低于丈夫。(4)与婚姻质量相关的人口学因素主要有：年龄、文化程度、自我外在形象评价和性格,婚恋观和行为影响因素有择偶时注重般配的程度、性生活重要性和婚前感情深度,家庭因素则有家庭生命周期、重大事件管理分工、家庭关系、家庭收入、夫妻观念差异和夫妻关系的维系因素等。邻里关系与婚姻质量的所有维度都呈现正相关。(5)异地因素使得异地联姻中异地方对配偶评价和夫妻亲密性降低,也通过影响对自己的外在形象评价、婚前感情程度、婚前了解程度、性生活重要性观念、人均收入、重大事务决定权、夫妻年龄差、观念同质性和个人资源等因素间接或交互作用于婚姻质量。
结合调查发现,研究对未婚人群择偶、已婚人群婚姻互动与和谐社区建设都提出了一些提高婚姻质量的建议。研究认为新时期“门当户对”的内涵不仅指双方家庭背景的相似,更多地是指夫妻个人的同质性,特别是观念上的同质性。在异地联姻的婚姻交换中存在地区优势与个人资源之间的跨越式交换。异地联姻和本地联姻婚姻质量趋同的可能原因有文化现代化、对外地人歧视的减少、异地联姻的选择机制、择偶模式的现代化转变和家庭关系的相对简单化等。
By comparing with the local-marriages, we know about characters of remote-marriages and their families, understand their mating patterns of marriage, analysis marital quality and its influencing factors. All these information are useful for "Building a Harmonious Society" on the whole country and "New Countryside, New Home" Construction Program. The project used two-stage sampling method to select300local-marriage couples and300remote-marriage couples in6villages which were belonged to6different townships on Wujiang City, Jiangsu Province, China. The data collection method was self-administered questionnaire-based survey. Eventually we got1010effective records. The research questionnaire covered basic information, concept of love and marriage, marriage quality and so on.
Through data analysis, the research got following conclusions:(1) Those who remote-married with Wujiang peoples were mostly women, mainly from the economically backward areas, with personal characteristics similar with local people. The local one of remote-marriage couple on20th century were relatively older and lower educational level. But those on21st century were similar to the local-marriage couple. Remote-marriage had same variance of personal resource between husband and wife with local-marriage couples, but these couples had higher percentage of similar character;(2) Remote-marriage couples selected their partners mostly by means from first areas (family) of life, but gradually transferred to the second (working) and third (spare time) areas of life. Men and women hold in same partner selecting criteria, which were priority on feelings, health, character and personality factors. Local socio-economic environment is also an important external drive for remote-marriage.(3)5dimensions of marital quality scores given by the remote-marriage participants were:marital life satisfaction79.75points,78.81points on spouse satisfaction, material life satisfaction66.91points,60.53points marital intimacy and marital harmony88.77points. Remote-marriage couples gave similar marital quality evaluation as local-marriage. Wife from outside of Wujiang city evaluated lower quality of marriage than their husband.(4) The demographic factors associated with marital quality were:age, education level, self-evaluation of external image, Love and marriage attitude and behavioral factors which influenced the degree of marital quality were:degree of focusing on perfectly matching, importance of sexual life and pre-marital emotional depth. Family factors were:family life cycle, division of major event management, family relationship, family income, and concept homogeneity. Neighborhood positively related on all dimensions of marital quality.(5) Remote factor reduced spouse satisfaction and marital intimacy. Remote factor also interacted marital quality with factors such as self-evaluation of external image, pre-marital emotional level, level of knowing each other before marriage, importance of sexual life, family income, division of major event management, couple age difference, concept homogeneity and personal resources.
According to these findings, the thesis finally raised number of suggestions for unmarried people, married people and the community to improve marital quality. The research believed that "good match" not only referred to the similarity of family background, but also meant that the couple had more homogeneity of individuals, especially the homogeneity of concept. Marriage exchange on remote-marriage included the region's strengths and personal resources exchange. Reasons for the similarity of marital quality scores between remote-marriage and local-marriage may be:cultural modernization, reduction of discrimination against outsiders, choice mechanism for remote-marriage, modern changes on mating patterns of marriage and relatively simple family relationships.
通过资料分析,研究主要得出以下结论：(1)异地联姻异地方以女性、来自经济落后地区为主,个人特征与婚入地人群相近。20世纪异地联姻者中本地方结婚时年龄偏大、文化程度略低,21世纪异地联姻者异地方与本地联姻对象相似。夫妻个人资源差与本地联姻夫妇相似,性格上同质化比例更高。与本地联姻相比,异地联姻本地方婚前家庭条件略差,婚后则相近。(2)异地联姻夫妇的择偶途径以第一生活领域(家庭)为主,但在逐步往第二(工作)、第三(业余生活)生活领域过渡。男女择偶标准趋同,优先关注感情、健康、性格和人品因素,地方社会经济环境是异地联姻重要的外在动力。(3)异地联姻对象在婚姻质量的5个维度的得分分别为：婚姻生活满意度79.75分、对配偶满意度78.81分、物质生活满意度66.91分、夫妻亲密性60.53分和夫妻和谐88.77分,异地联姻家庭的婚姻质量与本地联姻家庭相似。外来媳妇家庭妻子对婚姻质量的评价低于丈夫。(4)与婚姻质量相关的人口学因素主要有：年龄、文化程度、自我外在形象评价和性格,婚恋观和行为影响因素有择偶时注重般配的程度、性生活重要性和婚前感情深度,家庭因素则有家庭生命周期、重大事件管理分工、家庭关系、家庭收入、夫妻观念差异和夫妻关系的维系因素等。邻里关系与婚姻质量的所有维度都呈现正相关。(5)异地因素使得异地联姻中异地方对配偶评价和夫妻亲密性降低,也通过影响对自己的外在形象评价、婚前感情程度、婚前了解程度、性生活重要性观念、人均收入、重大事务决定权、夫妻年龄差、观念同质性和个人资源等因素间接或交互作用于婚姻质量。
结合调查发现,研究对未婚人群择偶、已婚人群婚姻互动与和谐社区建设都提出了一些提高婚姻质量的建议。研究认为新时期“门当户对”的内涵不仅指双方家庭背景的相似,更多地是指夫妻个人的同质性,特别是观念上的同质性。在异地联姻的婚姻交换中存在地区优势与个人资源之间的跨越式交换。异地联姻和本地联姻婚姻质量趋同的可能原因有文化现代化、对外地人歧视的减少、异地联姻的选择机制、择偶模式的现代化转变和家庭关系的相对简单化等。
By comparing with the local-marriages, we know about characters of remote-marriages and their families, understand their mating patterns of marriage, analysis marital quality and its influencing factors. All these information are useful for "Building a Harmonious Society" on the whole country and "New Countryside, New Home" Construction Program. The project used two-stage sampling method to select300local-marriage couples and300remote-marriage couples in6villages which were belonged to6different townships on Wujiang City, Jiangsu Province, China. The data collection method was self-administered questionnaire-based survey. Eventually we got1010effective records. The research questionnaire covered basic information, concept of love and marriage, marriage quality and so on.
Through data analysis, the research got following conclusions:(1) Those who remote-married with Wujiang peoples were mostly women, mainly from the economically backward areas, with personal characteristics similar with local people. The local one of remote-marriage couple on20th century were relatively older and lower educational level. But those on21st century were similar to the local-marriage couple. Remote-marriage had same variance of personal resource between husband and wife with local-marriage couples, but these couples had higher percentage of similar character;(2) Remote-marriage couples selected their partners mostly by means from first areas (family) of life, but gradually transferred to the second (working) and third (spare time) areas of life. Men and women hold in same partner selecting criteria, which were priority on feelings, health, character and personality factors. Local socio-economic environment is also an important external drive for remote-marriage.(3)5dimensions of marital quality scores given by the remote-marriage participants were:marital life satisfaction79.75points,78.81points on spouse satisfaction, material life satisfaction66.91points,60.53points marital intimacy and marital harmony88.77points. Remote-marriage couples gave similar marital quality evaluation as local-marriage. Wife from outside of Wujiang city evaluated lower quality of marriage than their husband.(4) The demographic factors associated with marital quality were:age, education level, self-evaluation of external image, Love and marriage attitude and behavioral factors which influenced the degree of marital quality were:degree of focusing on perfectly matching, importance of sexual life and pre-marital emotional depth. Family factors were:family life cycle, division of major event management, family relationship, family income, and concept homogeneity. Neighborhood positively related on all dimensions of marital quality.(5) Remote factor reduced spouse satisfaction and marital intimacy. Remote factor also interacted marital quality with factors such as self-evaluation of external image, pre-marital emotional level, level of knowing each other before marriage, importance of sexual life, family income, division of major event management, couple age difference, concept homogeneity and personal resources.
According to these findings, the thesis finally raised number of suggestions for unmarried people, married people and the community to improve marital quality. The research believed that "good match" not only referred to the similarity of family background, but also meant that the couple had more homogeneity of individuals, especially the homogeneity of concept. Marriage exchange on remote-marriage included the region's strengths and personal resources exchange. Reasons for the similarity of marital quality scores between remote-marriage and local-marriage may be:cultural modernization, reduction of discrimination against outsiders, choice mechanism for remote-marriage, modern changes on mating patterns of marriage and relatively simple family relationships.
引文
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