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化学诱导水稻杂种及不育系孤雌生殖
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摘要
在水稻育种中,利用远缘花粉或化学药剂诱导孤雌生殖是一种缩短育种周期,纯合早世代基因型的有效途径。本研究利用化学药剂A(MH+DMSO)和B(6-BA+NAA+DMSO)在田间全穗浸泡处理水稻杂种(F_1和F_2)及不育系,成功获得了结实,得到1175粒孤雌生殖种子,其中不育系种子12粒。对孤雌生殖发育进程进行胚胎学观察,并对后代Pa_2进行了田间调查和SSR分析,验证了得到的后代确实是稳定的纯合系。主要结果如下:
     1.F_1、F_2材料共处理12789朵小花,得到1661粒孤雌生殖种子,平均诱导结实率为12.99%。处理液A、B间和材料F_1、F_2间在5%水平上都没有达到显著差异。1661粒种子共成苗989株,平均成苗率为59.54%。F_1、F_2材料间的成苗率在5%水平上也没有达到显著差异。不育系材料经药剂诱导后共获得了12粒孤雌生殖种子,子房膨大率平均为16.06%,种子结实率平均为0.21%。
     2.从胚胎学观察发现,孤雌生殖种胚的发育明显迟于正常种胚,而且也有假膨大、异常分裂、体细胞成胚及有胚乳无胚的不正常种子出现,胚起源及胚胎发育进程表现多样化。而且材料间也有一定的差异,不同的材料胚胎启动发育并不同步,发育进程也有所不同。
     3.对Pa_2代进行田间调查表明,种植的46个小区中,有7个小区即15.22%的小区在株高、穗长、生育期上的变异系数都小于对照品种汕优63,田间表现整齐一致,没有分离。
     4.粳香米×香恢4号组合的诱导后代Pa_2群体,在19个多态性引物上的扩增带型均整齐一致,其中与父本带型一致的有1个(RM223),与母本带型一致的有16个,还有2个引物(RM1、RM207)在Pa_2个体上的扩增带型与父本、母本均不一致,但是Pa_2个体之间所扩增的带型却完全一致。新优42×R363组合的诱导后代Pa_2群体,在21个多态性引物上扩增带型均整齐一致,其中与父本带型一致的有4个(RM110、RM337、RM206、RM336),与母本带型一致的有17个。SSR结果证实了化学诱导得到的后代,确系孤雌生殖产生,且是加倍单倍体。
It is effective to shorten breeding cycles and obtain homozygous genotype in early generations by parthenogenesis induced by distant pollen or chemical agents in rice. In this study the rice hybrids (Fj and Fa) and the sterile lines were treated by chemical agents A(MH+DMSO) and B(6-BA+NAA+DMSO) in the field. 1175 parthenogenetic seeds (including 12 seeds from the sterile lines) were gained. Embryology development process of parthenogenesis was observed. The field investigations and the analysis of SSR for the progeny Pa2 verified the posterities were stable homozygous lines. The main results are as following:
    1. 12,789 castrated florets from FI and F2 were treated and 1661 parthenogenetic seeds were gained. The mean induction frequency was 12.99%. There was no significant difference at the level of 5% between the liquid A and B or between FI and F2.1661 seeds developed to 989 seedlings. The mean frequency of emergence of seedlings was 59.54%. There was no significant difference at the level of 5% between Fj and Fj. The sterile lines were induced by chemical and 12 parthenogenetic seeds were gained. The mean intumescent frequency of ovary was 16.06%. The mean frequency of seed setting was 0.21%.
    2. The embryo development of parthenogenesis was slower than the normal zygotic embryos. The spurious intumescence, the abnormal disassociation, the embryo developed from somatic cell, the abnormal seeds with endosperm and without embryo were found. The origin and the developing process of embryo were various. There were some differences between all the materials. The origin and development of embryo was non-synchronous for the different materials.
    3. The field investigations of Pa2 showed that 7 of 36 plots (15.22%) were uniform. Their coefficients of variation were less than the check variety (Shan you 63) in plant height, length of panicles and heading dates.
    4. The marker bands of plants from Pa2 (Jingxiang X Xianghui 4) were uniform in 19
    
    
    SSR primers. The same primer as paternal band was RM223. The same as maternal band were 16 primers. The amplified bands of Paa were uniform in two primers(RMl ,RM207). But they were both different from their parents. The amplified bands of the elected plants from Pa2(Xinyou42XR363) were uniform in 21 different visibly primers. The same as paternal band were RM11 0,RM337,RM206,RM336. The same as maternal band were 17 primers. The SSR results verified the posterities induced were from parthenogenesis and doubled haploid.
引文
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