科技企业孵化器网络化运营创新研究
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摘要
科技企业孵化器作为一种专门为扶持新创科技型企业而设计和运作的社会经济组织,由于其在推动高新技术产业发展、扶持科技企业特别是中小型科技企业以及振兴区域经济方面的突出作用,而得到社会的广泛认同。随着科技企业孵化器数量的持续增长和规模的不断扩大,其服务功能需要进一步深化,科技企业孵化器的网络化运营已经逐渐成为其实现功能的内在需求和发展的必然趋势。与此同时,当前我国科技企业孵化器的网络化运营,无论是在相关理论研究方面,还是具体的实践运作方面都存在着很多缺点和不足,与国外的先进水平还有一定差距,值得我国学者进一步研究和探索。
本文的研究综合应用苗床理论、科技创业理论和科技创新理论以及社会生态系统的思想,在对国内、外科技企业孵化器网络化运营及其管理进行比较研究的基础上,提出了科技企业孵化器网络化运营创新的研究框架,系统分析了科技企业孵化器网络化运营的价值主张与创新,提出差异化战略、提升顾客价值和缔结战略联盟等基于价值链的价值创新战略；深入探讨了科技企业孵化器的内部网络形态和外部网络体系,构建了科技企业孵化器的创业支撑网络,搭建了网络化运行的支撑平台,为网络成员与在孵企业提供了信息交流、合作研发、成果展示和知识共享的机会,并形成以契约治理、网络治理和第三方治理为主的整体网络治理机制。在此基础上,本文对其网络化运营的盈利模式进行设计,并构建了网络化运营的科技企业孵化器孵化力评价体系,本文最后以北京华海基业科技企业孵化器为例,对其网络化运营现状及孵化力进行评价。
本文主要的创新性成果包括：(1)提出了科技企业孵化器网络化运营的价值创新战略。通过对科技企业孵化器目标客户和核心能力构成的分析,提出了网络化运营的科技企业孵化器的顾客价值要素和价值主张,应用价值创新的四步框架法提出了科技企业孵化器网络化运营的价值创新方向和途径。(2)构建了科技企业孵化器网络化体系结构模型。本文基于对科技企业孵化器内部网络形态和外部网络体系的分析,构建了科技企业孵化器创业支撑网络模型,并提出以契约治理、网络治理和第三方治理为主的三者相互补充、交叉强化的整体网络治理机制。(3)设计了科技企业孵化器网络化运营的盈利模式。本文主要基于对科技企业孵化器的价值结构、投资模式和收入模式三方面的分析,形成在“共享空间+共享设施+共享服务+专业咨询+风险投资”的业务结构下,采用多元化投资模式,以实业收入、风险投资收入和服务型收入为主的盈利模式。(4)建立了网络化运营的科技企业孵化器孵化力测评模型。本文在对科技企业孵化器孵化力界定和影响因素分析的基础上,构建了网络化运营的科技企业孵化器孵化力评价指标体系,并应用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法建立了网络运营的科技企业孵化器孵化力评价模型,并以北京华海基业科技企业孵化器有限公司为案例,进行了实际应用。
目前,国内学者在科技企业孵化器的网络体系构建、网络化运营模式及其治理、孵化力提升等方面缺乏系统的研究,有待创新。本文的研究对完善科技企业孵化器运营创新的研究和丰富科技创业与科技创新相关理论具有一定的学术价值,对于指导科技企业孵化器的网络化运营,解决其发展过程中出现的实际问题,促进我国科技企业孵化器健康可持续发展具有现实意义。
Technology Business Incubator is a specifically designed social economic organization to support new science and technology enterprises. Since it plays a prominent role in promoting the development of high-tech industries, supporting science and technology enterprises especially small and medium-sized technology enterprises and the revitalization of the regional economy, Technology Business Incubators are widely recognized by the society. With the continuous growth of and the constant expansion of the number of Technology Business Incubators, its service function need to be further deepened. Thus the network operation of technology business incubators has become an inevitable trend to realize its internal demand and development of functions. At the same time, there are many shortcomings and deficiencies in China's science and technology business incubators network operation, whether in theoretical studies or specific practice operation. There is a certain gap with foreign advanced level, which is worth further research and exploration.
On the basis of comparative studies on the network operation and management of domestic and foreign scientific and technological business incubators, this paper proposes a research framework of technology business incubator network operating innovation, integrating seedbed theory, technological entrepreneurship theory, technology innovation theory and the idea of social eco-system. Moreover, we analyze the value proposition and innovation of scientific and technological business incubators' network operation, after which we put forward several value innovation strategies based on the value chain like the differentiation strategy, enhancing customers' value and strategic alliances, etc. We also deeply explore the internal network morphology and external network system of science and technology business incubators, build an entrepreneurial supporting network of technology business incubators and set up a supporting platform for network operation. All the above provide network members with the opportunities for information exchange, cooperation in R&D, exhibition on achievements and knowledge sharing, forming the overall network-based governance mechanism mainly including contractual governance, network governance and third-party governance. On this basis, we design a profitability mode of the network operation and build a hatchability evaluation index system for the network operation of technology business incubators. At the end of this paper, we take Beijing Hua Haiji Industry technology business incubators as an example and evaluate its network operation status and hatchability.
The innovative achievements of this paper include:(1) develop a value innovation strategy of technology business incubators'network operation. In this paper, we propose to obtain core competitiveness of a key link in the value chain through the implementation of several value innovation strategies based on the value chain like the differentiation strategy, enhancing customers'value and strategic alliances.(2) Build a architecture model for technology business incubator network. This paper as a whole bases on the analysis on the internal network morphology and external network system of technology business incubators to build an entrepreneurial supporting network model of technology business incubators, and form the overall network-based governance mechanism mainly including contractual governance, network governance and third-party governance which are cross-strengthening and complement for each other.(3) Design the profitability mode of technology business incubators'network operation. This article is mainly based on the analysis of the value structure, investment mode and revenue mode of technology business incubators and the form the diversified investment mode under the business structure of "shared space+shared facilities+shared services+professional advisory+venture capital ". The profit mainly comes from industry revenue, risk-based investment income and service income.(4) Establish a hatchability evaluation index system for the network operation of technology business incubators. We analyze the Definition and influencing factors of technology business incubators' hatchability and then establish a hatchability evaluation index system for the network operation. In addition, we apply analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the hatchability of technology business incubators.
At present, domestic scholars'research on science and technology business incubators network system construction, operating model, governance of the network and hatchability enhancement lack systematic view and need to be improved. Achievements in this subject and other related innovative problem solutions, is of significant academic value to improve the research on technology business incubators and enrich scientific and technological innovation theories. Meanwhile, it can effectively guide the network operation of the technology business incubators and solve practical problems arising in the course of its development, thus promoting the healthy and sustainable development of China's science and technology business incubators.
本文的研究综合应用苗床理论、科技创业理论和科技创新理论以及社会生态系统的思想,在对国内、外科技企业孵化器网络化运营及其管理进行比较研究的基础上,提出了科技企业孵化器网络化运营创新的研究框架,系统分析了科技企业孵化器网络化运营的价值主张与创新,提出差异化战略、提升顾客价值和缔结战略联盟等基于价值链的价值创新战略；深入探讨了科技企业孵化器的内部网络形态和外部网络体系,构建了科技企业孵化器的创业支撑网络,搭建了网络化运行的支撑平台,为网络成员与在孵企业提供了信息交流、合作研发、成果展示和知识共享的机会,并形成以契约治理、网络治理和第三方治理为主的整体网络治理机制。在此基础上,本文对其网络化运营的盈利模式进行设计,并构建了网络化运营的科技企业孵化器孵化力评价体系,本文最后以北京华海基业科技企业孵化器为例,对其网络化运营现状及孵化力进行评价。
本文主要的创新性成果包括：(1)提出了科技企业孵化器网络化运营的价值创新战略。通过对科技企业孵化器目标客户和核心能力构成的分析,提出了网络化运营的科技企业孵化器的顾客价值要素和价值主张,应用价值创新的四步框架法提出了科技企业孵化器网络化运营的价值创新方向和途径。(2)构建了科技企业孵化器网络化体系结构模型。本文基于对科技企业孵化器内部网络形态和外部网络体系的分析,构建了科技企业孵化器创业支撑网络模型,并提出以契约治理、网络治理和第三方治理为主的三者相互补充、交叉强化的整体网络治理机制。(3)设计了科技企业孵化器网络化运营的盈利模式。本文主要基于对科技企业孵化器的价值结构、投资模式和收入模式三方面的分析,形成在“共享空间+共享设施+共享服务+专业咨询+风险投资”的业务结构下,采用多元化投资模式,以实业收入、风险投资收入和服务型收入为主的盈利模式。(4)建立了网络化运营的科技企业孵化器孵化力测评模型。本文在对科技企业孵化器孵化力界定和影响因素分析的基础上,构建了网络化运营的科技企业孵化器孵化力评价指标体系,并应用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法建立了网络运营的科技企业孵化器孵化力评价模型,并以北京华海基业科技企业孵化器有限公司为案例,进行了实际应用。
目前,国内学者在科技企业孵化器的网络体系构建、网络化运营模式及其治理、孵化力提升等方面缺乏系统的研究,有待创新。本文的研究对完善科技企业孵化器运营创新的研究和丰富科技创业与科技创新相关理论具有一定的学术价值,对于指导科技企业孵化器的网络化运营,解决其发展过程中出现的实际问题,促进我国科技企业孵化器健康可持续发展具有现实意义。
Technology Business Incubator is a specifically designed social economic organization to support new science and technology enterprises. Since it plays a prominent role in promoting the development of high-tech industries, supporting science and technology enterprises especially small and medium-sized technology enterprises and the revitalization of the regional economy, Technology Business Incubators are widely recognized by the society. With the continuous growth of and the constant expansion of the number of Technology Business Incubators, its service function need to be further deepened. Thus the network operation of technology business incubators has become an inevitable trend to realize its internal demand and development of functions. At the same time, there are many shortcomings and deficiencies in China's science and technology business incubators network operation, whether in theoretical studies or specific practice operation. There is a certain gap with foreign advanced level, which is worth further research and exploration.
On the basis of comparative studies on the network operation and management of domestic and foreign scientific and technological business incubators, this paper proposes a research framework of technology business incubator network operating innovation, integrating seedbed theory, technological entrepreneurship theory, technology innovation theory and the idea of social eco-system. Moreover, we analyze the value proposition and innovation of scientific and technological business incubators' network operation, after which we put forward several value innovation strategies based on the value chain like the differentiation strategy, enhancing customers' value and strategic alliances, etc. We also deeply explore the internal network morphology and external network system of science and technology business incubators, build an entrepreneurial supporting network of technology business incubators and set up a supporting platform for network operation. All the above provide network members with the opportunities for information exchange, cooperation in R&D, exhibition on achievements and knowledge sharing, forming the overall network-based governance mechanism mainly including contractual governance, network governance and third-party governance. On this basis, we design a profitability mode of the network operation and build a hatchability evaluation index system for the network operation of technology business incubators. At the end of this paper, we take Beijing Hua Haiji Industry technology business incubators as an example and evaluate its network operation status and hatchability.
The innovative achievements of this paper include:(1) develop a value innovation strategy of technology business incubators'network operation. In this paper, we propose to obtain core competitiveness of a key link in the value chain through the implementation of several value innovation strategies based on the value chain like the differentiation strategy, enhancing customers'value and strategic alliances.(2) Build a architecture model for technology business incubator network. This paper as a whole bases on the analysis on the internal network morphology and external network system of technology business incubators to build an entrepreneurial supporting network model of technology business incubators, and form the overall network-based governance mechanism mainly including contractual governance, network governance and third-party governance which are cross-strengthening and complement for each other.(3) Design the profitability mode of technology business incubators'network operation. This article is mainly based on the analysis of the value structure, investment mode and revenue mode of technology business incubators and the form the diversified investment mode under the business structure of "shared space+shared facilities+shared services+professional advisory+venture capital ". The profit mainly comes from industry revenue, risk-based investment income and service income.(4) Establish a hatchability evaluation index system for the network operation of technology business incubators. We analyze the Definition and influencing factors of technology business incubators' hatchability and then establish a hatchability evaluation index system for the network operation. In addition, we apply analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the hatchability of technology business incubators.
At present, domestic scholars'research on science and technology business incubators network system construction, operating model, governance of the network and hatchability enhancement lack systematic view and need to be improved. Achievements in this subject and other related innovative problem solutions, is of significant academic value to improve the research on technology business incubators and enrich scientific and technological innovation theories. Meanwhile, it can effectively guide the network operation of the technology business incubators and solve practical problems arising in the course of its development, thus promoting the healthy and sustainable development of China's science and technology business incubators.
引文
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