大学生父母教养方式、完美主义和抑郁状态的关系研究
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摘要
近年来我国大学生抑郁状态的检出率一直很高,针对这一现象,本研究的目的是为有关抑郁状态及其相关因素的研究提供参考资料,进一步扩展人们对大学生抑郁状态及其影响因素的认识。
本研究采取整群随机取样的方法从河北师范大学、河北经贸大学和石家庄经济学院三所高校中选取有效被试741名。采用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D),父母教养方式量表(EMBU),完美主义量表(MPS)三个量表为测量工具,首先探讨了当前大学生抑郁状态、父母教养方式、完美主义几个相关因素的人口学特点,最后将几个因素相结合,建构出大学生抑郁状态的影响因素模型。研究结果表明:
1.大学生抑郁状态的检出率是28.5%。
2.方差分析显示,父母教养方式存在着显著的性别和父母文化水平差异,大学生完美主义存在性别和父母文化水平差异,大学生抑郁状态的性别主效应显著。
3.相关分析显示,大学生父母教养方式各个因子均于抑郁状态呈显著相关,完美主义中除个人标准和父母期望与抑郁的关系相关不显著外,其余各因子与抑郁显著相关,父母教养方式和完美主义的形成有密切的联系。
4.复回归分析结果显示,在父亲教养方式完美主义抑郁状态的关系模型中,父亲情感温暖,父亲惩罚、严厉直接影响适应性完美主义。通过适应性完美主义的部分中介作用影响抑郁。父亲偏爱、父亲过度保护直接影响非适应性完美主义,并通过非适应性完美主义的部分中介作用影响抑郁。适应性的完美主义负向预测抑郁,而非适应的完美主义正向预测抑郁。
在母亲教养方式完美主义抑郁状态的关系模型中,母亲情感温暖,母亲拒绝、否认,母亲惩罚、严厉直接影响适应性完美主义,并通过适应性完美主义的部分中介作用对抑郁产生影响。母亲过干涉、过保护,母亲偏爱被试,母亲惩罚、严厉影响非适应性完美主义,并通过非适应性完美主义的部分中介作用对抑郁产生影响。适应性完美主义负向预测抑郁,而非适应的完美主义正向预测抑郁。
我们能够得出以下结论:大学生抑郁状态的检出率较高父母教养方式是完美主义形成的主要影响因素。父母教养方式通过适应性完美主义和非适应性完美主义的部分中介作用影响抑郁。
For the appearing rate of depressive symptoms among college students the present study was to provide material for the relevant research and how related factors affected depressive symptoms.
There scales including Parenting Rearing (EMBU), Perfectionism (MPS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used for the research. Firstly the demographic features of Parenting Rearing, Perfectionism and depressive symptoms were discussed. Then these factors were combined to construct a model to explain the causes of depressive symptoms. A random sample of 741 students was tested from three universities in ShiJiazhuang.
The main findings as following:
1. Among these students 28.5 percent of them reported depressive symptoms.
2. There were significant differences among parents’cultural levels on Parenting Rearing and perfectionism. Female students and male students had different depressive symptoms.
3. Every factor of parenting raering was closely related with depressive symptoms. Perfectionism was also having a close relationship with depressive symptoms except the factor of personal criteria and parents’expection. Parenting Style affected the formation of perfectionism.
4. In he model of the relationship among Father’s Parenting Rearing, Perfectionism and depressive symptoms father’s consideration, Punishment and strictness directly affected adaptive perfectionism. Meanwhile father’s consideration,punishment,strictness and depressive symptoms were partly mediated by adaptive perfectionism.
Father’s partiality,over-protection directly affected unadaptive prfectionism. It partly mediated between father’s partialities, over-protection and depressive symptoms. Adaptive perfectionism negatively predicted depressive symptoms and unadaptive perfectionism positively predicted.
In the model of the relationship among Mother’s Parenting Rearing, Perfectionism and depressive symptoms mother’s consideration, rejection, denial, punishment and strictness directly affected adaptive perfectionism. Mother’sconsideration, rejection, denial, punishment, strictness and depressive symptoms were partly mediated by adaptive perfectionism. Mother’s overinterference protection, partiality, punishment and strictness directly affected unadaptive perfectionism.And unadaptive perfectionism as an partly mediate between Mother’s over interference protection, partiality, punishment, strictness and depressive symptoms. Adaptive perfectionism negtively predicted depressive symptoms and unadaptive perfectionism positively predicted.
We could conclude from the main findings that the prevalence of depressive symptoms in college students was high. There was a close relationship between Parenting Rearing, Perfectionism and depressive symptoms. Positive Parenting Rearing couldn’t predict depressive symptoms.Negtive Parenting Rearing predicted it. Parenting rearing was the main factor affected the formation of Perfectionism. Adaptive perfectionism and unadaptive perfectionism partly mediated between Parenting Rearing and depressive symptoms.
本研究采取整群随机取样的方法从河北师范大学、河北经贸大学和石家庄经济学院三所高校中选取有效被试741名。采用流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D),父母教养方式量表(EMBU),完美主义量表(MPS)三个量表为测量工具,首先探讨了当前大学生抑郁状态、父母教养方式、完美主义几个相关因素的人口学特点,最后将几个因素相结合,建构出大学生抑郁状态的影响因素模型。研究结果表明:
1.大学生抑郁状态的检出率是28.5%。
2.方差分析显示,父母教养方式存在着显著的性别和父母文化水平差异,大学生完美主义存在性别和父母文化水平差异,大学生抑郁状态的性别主效应显著。
3.相关分析显示,大学生父母教养方式各个因子均于抑郁状态呈显著相关,完美主义中除个人标准和父母期望与抑郁的关系相关不显著外,其余各因子与抑郁显著相关,父母教养方式和完美主义的形成有密切的联系。
4.复回归分析结果显示,在父亲教养方式完美主义抑郁状态的关系模型中,父亲情感温暖,父亲惩罚、严厉直接影响适应性完美主义。通过适应性完美主义的部分中介作用影响抑郁。父亲偏爱、父亲过度保护直接影响非适应性完美主义,并通过非适应性完美主义的部分中介作用影响抑郁。适应性的完美主义负向预测抑郁,而非适应的完美主义正向预测抑郁。
在母亲教养方式完美主义抑郁状态的关系模型中,母亲情感温暖,母亲拒绝、否认,母亲惩罚、严厉直接影响适应性完美主义,并通过适应性完美主义的部分中介作用对抑郁产生影响。母亲过干涉、过保护,母亲偏爱被试,母亲惩罚、严厉影响非适应性完美主义,并通过非适应性完美主义的部分中介作用对抑郁产生影响。适应性完美主义负向预测抑郁,而非适应的完美主义正向预测抑郁。
我们能够得出以下结论:大学生抑郁状态的检出率较高父母教养方式是完美主义形成的主要影响因素。父母教养方式通过适应性完美主义和非适应性完美主义的部分中介作用影响抑郁。
For the appearing rate of depressive symptoms among college students the present study was to provide material for the relevant research and how related factors affected depressive symptoms.
There scales including Parenting Rearing (EMBU), Perfectionism (MPS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) were used for the research. Firstly the demographic features of Parenting Rearing, Perfectionism and depressive symptoms were discussed. Then these factors were combined to construct a model to explain the causes of depressive symptoms. A random sample of 741 students was tested from three universities in ShiJiazhuang.
The main findings as following:
1. Among these students 28.5 percent of them reported depressive symptoms.
2. There were significant differences among parents’cultural levels on Parenting Rearing and perfectionism. Female students and male students had different depressive symptoms.
3. Every factor of parenting raering was closely related with depressive symptoms. Perfectionism was also having a close relationship with depressive symptoms except the factor of personal criteria and parents’expection. Parenting Style affected the formation of perfectionism.
4. In he model of the relationship among Father’s Parenting Rearing, Perfectionism and depressive symptoms father’s consideration, Punishment and strictness directly affected adaptive perfectionism. Meanwhile father’s consideration,punishment,strictness and depressive symptoms were partly mediated by adaptive perfectionism.
Father’s partiality,over-protection directly affected unadaptive prfectionism. It partly mediated between father’s partialities, over-protection and depressive symptoms. Adaptive perfectionism negatively predicted depressive symptoms and unadaptive perfectionism positively predicted.
In the model of the relationship among Mother’s Parenting Rearing, Perfectionism and depressive symptoms mother’s consideration, rejection, denial, punishment and strictness directly affected adaptive perfectionism. Mother’sconsideration, rejection, denial, punishment, strictness and depressive symptoms were partly mediated by adaptive perfectionism. Mother’s overinterference protection, partiality, punishment and strictness directly affected unadaptive perfectionism.And unadaptive perfectionism as an partly mediate between Mother’s over interference protection, partiality, punishment, strictness and depressive symptoms. Adaptive perfectionism negtively predicted depressive symptoms and unadaptive perfectionism positively predicted.
We could conclude from the main findings that the prevalence of depressive symptoms in college students was high. There was a close relationship between Parenting Rearing, Perfectionism and depressive symptoms. Positive Parenting Rearing couldn’t predict depressive symptoms.Negtive Parenting Rearing predicted it. Parenting rearing was the main factor affected the formation of Perfectionism. Adaptive perfectionism and unadaptive perfectionism partly mediated between Parenting Rearing and depressive symptoms.
引文
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