面向学习对象的学习内容管理系统的研究与实现
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摘要
教育资源的共享与重用是现代网络教育发展的一个重要方面,但是教育资源在课程内容与学习管理层次进行交换的机制尚不完善,严重制约了网络教育资源的大范围共享与交流。针对此问题,本文从研究面向学习对象的网络课程设计入手,结合SCORM2004标准,
研究并实现了新一代网络教育解决方案——学习内容管理系统(LCMS)。本LCMS是一个支持符合SCORM2004标准的学习内容、学习对象的存储和管理、个性化学习内容生成和学习的网络教育系统。
本文首先对学习对象和LCMS的一般架构进行了深入研究,全面论述了系统涉及的学习对象SCORM 2004标准和学习内容的组织、存储、管理、重用等关键技术及其组成LCMS的基本构件。在此基础上,提出了面向学习对象的学习内容管理系统的实现方案,讨论了相关实现技术,并详细介绍了各子系统的设计和原型化实现。最后介绍了该系统的实际应用情况。
Sharing and reusing educational resources are of great importance to the development of e-learning. However, the mechanism for the exchange of educational resources at the courses content and learning administration level are not perfect yet, which obstructs the sharing and communication of the on-line learning resources in large areas.
Aiming at this problem, this paper begins with the research of the Learning Content design based on learning objects, combining SCORM 2004 standards, and focuses on the research of the new generation solution of e-learning----Learning Content Management System (LCMS).The LCMS is a e-learning applicative system which supports learning contents of SCORM 2004, the storing and management of learning objects, and the dynamic creation and learning of the individual learning content.
We start with the research of the learning objects and general structure of LCMS, and the learning objects standards, such as SCORM 2004, and key technologies, such as the organizing, storage, management, and the reusing of the e-learning contents, are introduced in details. A LCMS solution is proposed, which takes the learning objects repository as the core. The technology related to the implementation is introduced, and the designs of every subsystem of the solution, as well as the implementation of its prototype, are introduced in details. This solution can fit the application requirements of teachers and learners better. Finally, the case in instructional application are introduced.
研究并实现了新一代网络教育解决方案——学习内容管理系统(LCMS)。本LCMS是一个支持符合SCORM2004标准的学习内容、学习对象的存储和管理、个性化学习内容生成和学习的网络教育系统。
本文首先对学习对象和LCMS的一般架构进行了深入研究,全面论述了系统涉及的学习对象SCORM 2004标准和学习内容的组织、存储、管理、重用等关键技术及其组成LCMS的基本构件。在此基础上,提出了面向学习对象的学习内容管理系统的实现方案,讨论了相关实现技术,并详细介绍了各子系统的设计和原型化实现。最后介绍了该系统的实际应用情况。
Sharing and reusing educational resources are of great importance to the development of e-learning. However, the mechanism for the exchange of educational resources at the courses content and learning administration level are not perfect yet, which obstructs the sharing and communication of the on-line learning resources in large areas.
Aiming at this problem, this paper begins with the research of the Learning Content design based on learning objects, combining SCORM 2004 standards, and focuses on the research of the new generation solution of e-learning----Learning Content Management System (LCMS).The LCMS is a e-learning applicative system which supports learning contents of SCORM 2004, the storing and management of learning objects, and the dynamic creation and learning of the individual learning content.
We start with the research of the learning objects and general structure of LCMS, and the learning objects standards, such as SCORM 2004, and key technologies, such as the organizing, storage, management, and the reusing of the e-learning contents, are introduced in details. A LCMS solution is proposed, which takes the learning objects repository as the core. The technology related to the implementation is introduced, and the designs of every subsystem of the solution, as well as the implementation of its prototype, are introduced in details. This solution can fit the application requirements of teachers and learners better. Finally, the case in instructional application are introduced.
引文
1 杨宗凯.网络教育标准与技术【M】.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
2 Michael Brennan.The Learning Content Management System: A New eLeaming Market Segment Emerges.http://www.internettime.com/ I~arning/1cms/IDCLCMSWhitePaper.pdf
3Jennifer Brooks. SCORM Development Tools & Apps[EB/OL]. http:// www.adlnet.gov/ downloads/281.cfm
4 Jennifer Brooks. SCORM Development Tools & Apps. http:// www.adlnet.gov/ downloads/281.cfm
5 David A. W iiey. Utah State University. Connecting learning objects to instructional design theory:A definition.ametaphor.and a taxonomy[DB/OL].Available:http://www.reusability.org/ read/chapters/wilevdoc.2002—4—4.
6 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification.http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents. cfm
7 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
8 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
9 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
10 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
11 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
12 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
13 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification.. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
14 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
15 http://www.brandon-hall.com/
16 Michael Brennan, Susan Funke, Cushing Anderson, the Learning Content Management System: a New e-Teaming Market Segment Emerges, IDC--International Data Company,
17 Michael Brennan,Susan Funke, and Cushing Anderson.The Learning Content Management System.http://www. internettime. com/ itimegroup/ lcms/ IDCLCMSWhitePaper.pdf
18 ADL.SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
[1]ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. [EB/OL]. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
[2]Reid Cushman. Sorting Through and Sorting Out: The State of Content Sharing in the E-LearningIndustry. [EB/OL].http://learn.uci.edu/reports/ Hewlett_postseminar _ report. pdf
[3]Michael Brennan,Susan Funke, and Cushing Anderson.The Learning Content Management System[EB/OL].http://www. internettime. com/ itimegroup/ lcms/ IDCLCMSWhitePaper.pdf
[4]Robert Koolen.Learning Content Management Systems- The Second Wave of eLearning. [EB/OL].http:// www.internettime.com/Learning/lcms/ lcms2ndwave.pdf
[5]Learning Content Management System. [EB/OL].http:// www.lecando. com/ doc_pdf/ lcms _ 1-3_ information_paper.pdf
[6] Jennifer Brooks. SCORM Development Tools & Apps[EB/OL]. http:// www.adlnet.gov/ downloads/281.cfm
[7]Peter Rizza.Transformation Suite Learning Management Differences between LMS and LCMS[EB/OL].http://www.princetoncenter.com/demos/ ktds/shootout/ shootout.ppt
[8] Raghavan Rengarajan. LCMS and LMS Taking Advantage of Tight Integration[EB/OL]. http:// www. e-learn.cz/soubory/lcms_and_lms.pdf
[9]geo.Learning Content Management System Requirements[EB/OL]. http://www. edtechpost. ca/ pmwiki/ uploads/Main/Geolearning_LCMS _Requirements.pdf
[10]Stephen Downes.Learning Objects in a Wider Context[EB/OL]..http://www. downes.ca/ files/widercontext. ppt.
[11]Stephen Downes.The Learning Object Economy[EB/OL]. http://www. downes.ca/files/ Learning_ Object_ Economy. ppt
[12] Lori Morealli, Angelo Panar.SCORM? for Software Developers[EB/OL]. https:// www. adlnet.gov/downloads /88.cfm
[13]Stephen Downes.Learning Objects in a Wider Contex[tEB/OL].http:// www. downes. ca/ files / widercontext.ppt
[14] Jason Hunter,William Crawford. Java Servlet Programming[M].http://www.cnpoint.com / down /download.php?downid=71&id=0
[15]胡正亨.LCMS (Learning Content Management System)簡介[EB/OL]. http://www. iiiedu.org.tw/
[16] MIC. 數位内容研究计画［EB/OL].http://www.digitalcontent.org.tw /files/top_3 /1/1.pdf
[17]csdong. 唯有标准才能互联[EB/OL].http:// blog. qhsms. com.cn/csdong/
[18]余胜泉.E-Learning学习技术环境的标准化[EB/OL]. http://www.etc.edu.cn/blog /ysqetc /archives/ E-Learning?§?°?·?3μ?±ê×??ˉysq.ppt
[19]王 俊,陈启安.基于国际标准的CAI网络课件设计规范研究[J]. 教育信息化,2006,6.
[20]文冬,刘清堂,赵呈领. 在学习内容管理系统中构建可重用学习对象[J].中国远程教育,2004,3
[21]付琴,程文青,杨宗凯.SCORM——可共享对象参考模型的研究[J].中国远程教育,2003,1
[22] 祝智庭.网络教育技术标准研究[J].电化教育研究,2001,8
[23] 郑洁文. LOM (Learning Object Metadata) 介紹[J]. http://www.jeast.net/ student/ yan-jun/archives/2006/2848.html
[24]徐文杰. 数字学习标准与SCORM的发展[J]. http://www.scormexplorer.com/post /157.html
[25] 风中百合. LCMS与LMS含义以及关系[J].http://hefang.blogbus. com/ index.html
[26] 黎加厚. 从课件到积件:我国学校课堂计算机辅助教学的新发展[J]. http://www. etc. edu.cn/articledigest4/from_course_software-to_integrate-software.htm
[27] 严玥 李华. 符合SCORM标准的远程教育课件设计[J]. 重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版),2005,2
[28]财团法人资讯工业策进会. 國外LCMS功能架構分析整理.pdf[J]. http://www.elearn.org. tw/eLearn/download/國外LCMS功能架構分析整理.pdf
[29]梁静,游志胜.基于SCORM 标准的共享式网络课程设计[J]. 成都电子机械高等专科学校学报,2006,1
[30]朱新华,罗辉.基于SCORM 的开放式内容对象及其运行环境的设计[J]. 计算机工程与设计,2005,11
[31]陆峥,杨路明,宋虹.基于SCORM 规范的教学管理平台的开发实现[J]. 计算机与数字工程,2005,3
[32]戴欣,申瑞民,申丽萍.基于SCORM 规范的智能化通用教学平台的实现[J], 计算机工程与应用,2002,2
[33]路秋丽,余胜泉.面向学习对象的网络课程设计与开发[J], http://www.etc.edu.cn/ academist/ysq/mianxiang.htm
[34]马利霞,曹树金. 描述教育信息资源的元数据标准[J]. 219.137. 192.223/xuehui/nhlw/马利霞论文.doc
[35]路秋丽. 网络教育资源标准及标准应用的调查分析[J]. http://www.etc.edu.cn/ articledigest34/e-resource_standard.htm
[36]胡小勇,祝智庭. 学习对象理念的发展历程[J].电化教育研究, 2002,9
[37]刘焕君,孙淑霞,丁照宇,匡宇. 学习管理系统(LMS) 的设计与实现[J].计算机应用,2003,12
[38]赵呈领,万力勇. 学习内容管理系统:E—Learning的第二次革命[J].电化教育研究,2005,7
[39] 余胜泉.SCORM:E-Learning的国际技术标准育[J]. 中国远程教育,2003,4
[40]程志艳,张亮,马建红.JSP实用简明教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[41]蔡敏,徐慧慧,黄炳强.UML基础与ROSE建模教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
[42]丁鹏,刘方等.STRUCTS 技术揭秘及其 WEB 开发实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[43]陈刚.Eclipse 从入门到精通[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2005
2 Michael Brennan.The Learning Content Management System: A New eLeaming Market Segment Emerges.http://www.internettime.com/ I~arning/1cms/IDCLCMSWhitePaper.pdf
3Jennifer Brooks. SCORM Development Tools & Apps[EB/OL]. http:// www.adlnet.gov/ downloads/281.cfm
4 Jennifer Brooks. SCORM Development Tools & Apps. http:// www.adlnet.gov/ downloads/281.cfm
5 David A. W iiey. Utah State University. Connecting learning objects to instructional design theory:A definition.ametaphor.and a taxonomy[DB/OL].Available:http://www.reusability.org/ read/chapters/wilevdoc.2002—4—4.
6 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification.http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents. cfm
7 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
8 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
9 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
10 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
11 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
12 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
13 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification.. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
14 ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
15 http://www.brandon-hall.com/
16 Michael Brennan, Susan Funke, Cushing Anderson, the Learning Content Management System: a New e-Teaming Market Segment Emerges, IDC--International Data Company,
17 Michael Brennan,Susan Funke, and Cushing Anderson.The Learning Content Management System.http://www. internettime. com/ itimegroup/ lcms/ IDCLCMSWhitePaper.pdf
18 ADL.SCORM 2004 Specification. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
[1]ADL. SCORM 2004 Specification. [EB/OL]. http://www.adlnet. gov/scorm/ history/2004/ documents.cfm
[2]Reid Cushman. Sorting Through and Sorting Out: The State of Content Sharing in the E-LearningIndustry. [EB/OL].http://learn.uci.edu/reports/ Hewlett_postseminar _ report. pdf
[3]Michael Brennan,Susan Funke, and Cushing Anderson.The Learning Content Management System[EB/OL].http://www. internettime. com/ itimegroup/ lcms/ IDCLCMSWhitePaper.pdf
[4]Robert Koolen.Learning Content Management Systems- The Second Wave of eLearning. [EB/OL].http:// www.internettime.com/Learning/lcms/ lcms2ndwave.pdf
[5]Learning Content Management System. [EB/OL].http:// www.lecando. com/ doc_pdf/ lcms _ 1-3_ information_paper.pdf
[6] Jennifer Brooks. SCORM Development Tools & Apps[EB/OL]. http:// www.adlnet.gov/ downloads/281.cfm
[7]Peter Rizza.Transformation Suite Learning Management Differences between LMS and LCMS[EB/OL].http://www.princetoncenter.com/demos/ ktds/shootout/ shootout.ppt
[8] Raghavan Rengarajan. LCMS and LMS Taking Advantage of Tight Integration[EB/OL]. http:// www. e-learn.cz/soubory/lcms_and_lms.pdf
[9]geo.Learning Content Management System Requirements[EB/OL]. http://www. edtechpost. ca/ pmwiki/ uploads/Main/Geolearning_LCMS _Requirements.pdf
[10]Stephen Downes.Learning Objects in a Wider Context[EB/OL]..http://www. downes.ca/ files/widercontext. ppt.
[11]Stephen Downes.The Learning Object Economy[EB/OL]. http://www. downes.ca/files/ Learning_ Object_ Economy. ppt
[12] Lori Morealli, Angelo Panar.SCORM? for Software Developers[EB/OL]. https:// www. adlnet.gov/downloads /88.cfm
[13]Stephen Downes.Learning Objects in a Wider Contex[tEB/OL].http:// www. downes. ca/ files / widercontext.ppt
[14] Jason Hunter,William Crawford. Java Servlet Programming[M].http://www.cnpoint.com / down /download.php?downid=71&id=0
[15]胡正亨.LCMS (Learning Content Management System)簡介[EB/OL]. http://www. iiiedu.org.tw/
[16] MIC. 數位内容研究计画［EB/OL].http://www.digitalcontent.org.tw /files/top_3 /1/1.pdf
[17]csdong. 唯有标准才能互联[EB/OL].http:// blog. qhsms. com.cn/csdong/
[18]余胜泉.E-Learning学习技术环境的标准化[EB/OL]. http://www.etc.edu.cn/blog /ysqetc /archives/ E-Learning?§?°?·?3μ?±ê×??ˉysq.ppt
[19]王 俊,陈启安.基于国际标准的CAI网络课件设计规范研究[J]. 教育信息化,2006,6.
[20]文冬,刘清堂,赵呈领. 在学习内容管理系统中构建可重用学习对象[J].中国远程教育,2004,3
[21]付琴,程文青,杨宗凯.SCORM——可共享对象参考模型的研究[J].中国远程教育,2003,1
[22] 祝智庭.网络教育技术标准研究[J].电化教育研究,2001,8
[23] 郑洁文. LOM (Learning Object Metadata) 介紹[J]. http://www.jeast.net/ student/ yan-jun/archives/2006/2848.html
[24]徐文杰. 数字学习标准与SCORM的发展[J]. http://www.scormexplorer.com/post /157.html
[25] 风中百合. LCMS与LMS含义以及关系[J].http://hefang.blogbus. com/ index.html
[26] 黎加厚. 从课件到积件:我国学校课堂计算机辅助教学的新发展[J]. http://www. etc. edu.cn/articledigest4/from_course_software-to_integrate-software.htm
[27] 严玥 李华. 符合SCORM标准的远程教育课件设计[J]. 重庆工商大学学报(自然科学版),2005,2
[28]财团法人资讯工业策进会. 國外LCMS功能架構分析整理.pdf[J]. http://www.elearn.org. tw/eLearn/download/國外LCMS功能架構分析整理.pdf
[29]梁静,游志胜.基于SCORM 标准的共享式网络课程设计[J]. 成都电子机械高等专科学校学报,2006,1
[30]朱新华,罗辉.基于SCORM 的开放式内容对象及其运行环境的设计[J]. 计算机工程与设计,2005,11
[31]陆峥,杨路明,宋虹.基于SCORM 规范的教学管理平台的开发实现[J]. 计算机与数字工程,2005,3
[32]戴欣,申瑞民,申丽萍.基于SCORM 规范的智能化通用教学平台的实现[J], 计算机工程与应用,2002,2
[33]路秋丽,余胜泉.面向学习对象的网络课程设计与开发[J], http://www.etc.edu.cn/ academist/ysq/mianxiang.htm
[34]马利霞,曹树金. 描述教育信息资源的元数据标准[J]. 219.137. 192.223/xuehui/nhlw/马利霞论文.doc
[35]路秋丽. 网络教育资源标准及标准应用的调查分析[J]. http://www.etc.edu.cn/ articledigest34/e-resource_standard.htm
[36]胡小勇,祝智庭. 学习对象理念的发展历程[J].电化教育研究, 2002,9
[37]刘焕君,孙淑霞,丁照宇,匡宇. 学习管理系统(LMS) 的设计与实现[J].计算机应用,2003,12
[38]赵呈领,万力勇. 学习内容管理系统:E—Learning的第二次革命[J].电化教育研究,2005,7
[39] 余胜泉.SCORM:E-Learning的国际技术标准育[J]. 中国远程教育,2003,4
[40]程志艳,张亮,马建红.JSP实用简明教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[41]蔡敏,徐慧慧,黄炳强.UML基础与ROSE建模教程[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006
[42]丁鹏,刘方等.STRUCTS 技术揭秘及其 WEB 开发实例[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[43]陈刚.Eclipse 从入门到精通[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,2005
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