变频热泵房间空调器的工质替代及动态特性研究
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摘要
空调器作为一种能够有效改善人们生活及工作环境的产品已经逐渐成为生活的必需
品。然而，空调的使用量越大，引起的环境问题也就越多，能源消耗量也就越大。因此，
环保节能型空调将成为新世纪空调发展的方向。基于这种想法，本文主要进行了变频空调
器的工质替代和动态特性研究。
首先，以灌注式替代工质选取的热力学原则为依据，经过分析比较后，筛选出无臭
氧破坏作用的三元混合制冷剂R407C作为变频热泵型房间空调器中R22的灌注式替代工
质。接着，在标准制冷和标准制热工况下进行了替代试验研究。由于R407C
中存在温度滑移，因此为了改善绿色空调器的性能，试验中对冷凝器和蒸发器的管路布局
进行了调整。通过试验确定了R407C的充灌量和毛细管组的最佳匹配，使替代之后空调
器的性能达到了国家标准的有关规定。国产绿色变频压缩机试验也取得成功。
第二，为了深入研究变频空调器的动态特性和节能机理，以一台分体变频家用空调
器为对象建立物理模型和仿真数学模型,同时建立房间负荷计算模型，并采用该机型真实
的变频控制策略将制冷系统、空调房间和周围环境有机地结合起来,构成了一个完整的空
调器仿真模型，可以对实际空调器的运行状态和动态性能进行模拟。
第三，采用稳态模型对变频空调器在各种运行频率，各种工况下的稳态性能进行了计
算。结果表明：变频空调器的能效比随频率降低不断升高，而制冷量随着运行频率的降低
而下降，当运行频率低于60Hz之后,制冷量将基本保持不变,能效比则继续增大。结果
还表明当变频空调器高频运行时，室内空气湿球温度越高则空调器的制冷量与能效比也越
高；而以低频运行时，只有相对湿度非常高时，室内空气湿球温度才起作用。
第四，采用动态模型对不同环境温度、不同室内设定温度、不同相对湿度以及不同
室内热源强度下的启动过程进行了模拟，并仔细地分析了各种因素对启动性能的影响。连
续运行模拟结果表明变频空调器大部分时间处于低频高效运行，这就是变频空调器节能的
主要原因。并且室内温度在±1℃的范围内波动，比采用常规空调器时温度波动小。
As efficient equipment tO improve the people's working and living condition, the room air
conditioners have gradually become the necessities of daily life. However, the more they are used,
the more environmental problems and energy consumption they will cause.So, the environment-
protected and energy-saving room air conditioners will be of the fashion in the coming new
century. Based on this consideration, the article focuses on theoretical and experimental study of
refrigerant alternating and dynamic performance of frequency conversion heat pump, a kind of
energy-saving air conditioner.
First of all, the non-ozone depletion ternary mixture R407C is chosen as the drop-in alternative to
R22 in a frequency conversion heat pump based on thermodynamic rules of choosing refrigerant
alternatives. Then, drop-in tests are carried out in the standard cooling mode and heating mode.
During the tests, the layouts of the condenser and the evaporator are changed to improve the
performance of the heat pump due to the temperature gliding of R407C. And then the optimum
refrigerant charge of R407C and the matched structure of capillary tubes are determined, under
which its performances meet the needs of the related National Standard. Domestic gteen frequency
conversion heat pump is also of great success.
Secondly, in order to furthering the study of the dynamic performance and energy saving
mechanism of frequency conversion air conditioner, a split room air conditioner is used as a
prototype to set up simulation model, and the dynamic load model of a room is also built up. In
addition, a kind of real frequency conversion control strategy is used to combine the refrigeration
system with the air-conditioned room and the ambient which forms a complete air conditioner
simulation model to simulate the actual operating states and the transient performance of an air
conditioner.
Thirdly, the steady part of the model is used to predict the system performance at various operating
frequencies and various steady operating states. Results indicate that the lower frequency the air
codsoor are 4 the higher EER it pe thed at bo the COOhag CaPaCny bo with
the -- bo then at pe fow than 60ffe the ~ aimOSt - the
sam' the the as bo boIy ffe at ho edthethe We the ds wetr
bo pe is the ~the ~~ nd ax is ds the forcontw are at
W W Whenwt at N W W W W only PIayS a ~
atvewhighdsoo
wt the tw modds are ed to for tbe ~ ~ -- at the
aInW pe be ds at pe the ds bo or the
COnwt of inW hot sorm. ffe bo of vahaJs bo on the ~
- -- is ~ revot ffe ds ed orfor ~ be be mwt
otthe be the tw con- for conto runs at tow -- wh op eq
nd is the - m or--. An the ds forpe be ds i l
'C, nd is bo IhanthatofuSbecoInInOn airds.
品。然而，空调的使用量越大，引起的环境问题也就越多，能源消耗量也就越大。因此，
环保节能型空调将成为新世纪空调发展的方向。基于这种想法，本文主要进行了变频空调
器的工质替代和动态特性研究。
首先，以灌注式替代工质选取的热力学原则为依据，经过分析比较后，筛选出无臭
氧破坏作用的三元混合制冷剂R407C作为变频热泵型房间空调器中R22的灌注式替代工
质。接着，在标准制冷和标准制热工况下进行了替代试验研究。由于R407C
中存在温度滑移，因此为了改善绿色空调器的性能，试验中对冷凝器和蒸发器的管路布局
进行了调整。通过试验确定了R407C的充灌量和毛细管组的最佳匹配，使替代之后空调
器的性能达到了国家标准的有关规定。国产绿色变频压缩机试验也取得成功。
第二，为了深入研究变频空调器的动态特性和节能机理，以一台分体变频家用空调
器为对象建立物理模型和仿真数学模型,同时建立房间负荷计算模型，并采用该机型真实
的变频控制策略将制冷系统、空调房间和周围环境有机地结合起来,构成了一个完整的空
调器仿真模型，可以对实际空调器的运行状态和动态性能进行模拟。
第三，采用稳态模型对变频空调器在各种运行频率，各种工况下的稳态性能进行了计
算。结果表明：变频空调器的能效比随频率降低不断升高，而制冷量随着运行频率的降低
而下降，当运行频率低于60Hz之后,制冷量将基本保持不变,能效比则继续增大。结果
还表明当变频空调器高频运行时，室内空气湿球温度越高则空调器的制冷量与能效比也越
高；而以低频运行时，只有相对湿度非常高时，室内空气湿球温度才起作用。
第四，采用动态模型对不同环境温度、不同室内设定温度、不同相对湿度以及不同
室内热源强度下的启动过程进行了模拟，并仔细地分析了各种因素对启动性能的影响。连
续运行模拟结果表明变频空调器大部分时间处于低频高效运行，这就是变频空调器节能的
主要原因。并且室内温度在±1℃的范围内波动，比采用常规空调器时温度波动小。
As efficient equipment tO improve the people's working and living condition, the room air
conditioners have gradually become the necessities of daily life. However, the more they are used,
the more environmental problems and energy consumption they will cause.So, the environment-
protected and energy-saving room air conditioners will be of the fashion in the coming new
century. Based on this consideration, the article focuses on theoretical and experimental study of
refrigerant alternating and dynamic performance of frequency conversion heat pump, a kind of
energy-saving air conditioner.
First of all, the non-ozone depletion ternary mixture R407C is chosen as the drop-in alternative to
R22 in a frequency conversion heat pump based on thermodynamic rules of choosing refrigerant
alternatives. Then, drop-in tests are carried out in the standard cooling mode and heating mode.
During the tests, the layouts of the condenser and the evaporator are changed to improve the
performance of the heat pump due to the temperature gliding of R407C. And then the optimum
refrigerant charge of R407C and the matched structure of capillary tubes are determined, under
which its performances meet the needs of the related National Standard. Domestic gteen frequency
conversion heat pump is also of great success.
Secondly, in order to furthering the study of the dynamic performance and energy saving
mechanism of frequency conversion air conditioner, a split room air conditioner is used as a
prototype to set up simulation model, and the dynamic load model of a room is also built up. In
addition, a kind of real frequency conversion control strategy is used to combine the refrigeration
system with the air-conditioned room and the ambient which forms a complete air conditioner
simulation model to simulate the actual operating states and the transient performance of an air
conditioner.
Thirdly, the steady part of the model is used to predict the system performance at various operating
frequencies and various steady operating states. Results indicate that the lower frequency the air
codsoor are 4 the higher EER it pe thed at bo the COOhag CaPaCny bo with
the -- bo then at pe fow than 60ffe the ~ aimOSt - the
sam' the the as bo boIy ffe at ho edthethe We the ds wetr
bo pe is the ~the ~~ nd ax is ds the forcontw are at
W W Whenwt at N W W W W only PIayS a ~
atvewhighdsoo
wt the tw modds are ed to for tbe ~ ~ -- at the
aInW pe be ds at pe the ds bo or the
COnwt of inW hot sorm. ffe bo of vahaJs bo on the ~
- -- is ~ revot ffe ds ed orfor ~ be be mwt
otthe be the tw con- for conto runs at tow -- wh op eq
nd is the - m or--. An the ds forpe be ds i l
'C, nd is bo IhanthatofuSbecoInInOn airds.
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