压缩—喷射制冷系统及喷射器的研究
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摘要
据报道我国供热制冷行业每年消耗掉近40%的能源。因此,制冷系统的节能降耗,已经成为制冷暖通空调行业研究的重要课题之一。压缩-喷射制冷循环,是一种对原有蒸汽压缩制冷系统改动较小,并且能效更高的制冷循环方式,是现有蒸汽压缩制冷系统的理想替代方案。本文以该系统为研究对象,进行了相关研究。
(1)利用热力学分析法对单温压缩-喷射制冷系统进行了理论分析与研究。研究表明,热力学分析方法采用等面积混合模型比较合理：混合压力在理论取值范围内存在一个最优点,并且随着蒸发温度的升高或冷凝温度的降低,喷射器最优混合压力的取值点越靠近引射压力,喷射系数增加,系统COP升高,但是相对于传统压缩制冷循环的性能提高率减小；喷射器及系统性能对喷射器进口段等熵效率的变化较敏感。
(2)传统双温蒸汽压缩制冷系统存在两类节流损失,即膨胀阀产生的节流损失和压力调节阀产生的节流损失。应该结合冷凝温度、高低温蒸发器蒸发温度和制冷负荷比的不同情况,选用相应合理的回收方式。
(3)选择双温压缩.喷射制冷系统中的串联单相和并联两相模式,与传统压缩循环模式进行对比分析,结果表明：在所选择的计算工况范围内,采用压缩-喷射制冷循环的系统性能总高于传统双温压缩制冷系统,并且并联两相模式比串联单相模式性能更优。
(4)以并联两相模式、串联单相模式的双温压缩-喷射制冷系统为应用对象,分别采用经典热力法和气体动力函数法分析了两相喷射器和单相喷射器的性能受温度、制冷负荷比以及喷射器各部分等熵效率的影响规律。研究表明：两相喷射器的喷射系数随冷凝温度和低温蒸发器B的蒸发温度的升高而增大,随高温蒸发器A的蒸发温度的升高而减小,随着喷射器各部分效率的提高而增加；而单相喷射器喷射系数随温度的变化趋势则相反；并且当这三个温度升高时,单相喷射器的可达到出口压力值均升高,其中两个蒸发温度的影响尤其明显。
(5)利用FLUENT软件对设计的用于串联单相模式的单相喷射器进行了研究,通过对比结构参数和操作工况对其性能的影响规律,对其结构进行了优化。研究发现,对于本文所设计的喷射器,喷嘴结构、喷嘴距、混合室长度均存在使喷射器性能最优的最佳值。尤其是喷嘴距存在一个临界值,当喷嘴距略小于该值时,喷射器性能会发生骤降。
It is reported that China's heating and cooling industry consumed nearly40%of the energy annually. Therefore, energy saving in the refrigeration system has become one of the most important topics of the HVAC industry. Compression/injection refrigeration cycle is a slightly modified version of the original vapor compression refrigeration system with higher efficiency and is the ideal alternative to the existing vapor compression refrigeration system. In this paper, relevant research about this system is carried out.
(1) A thermodynamic analysis of single-temperature Compression/injection refrigeration cycle is carried out in this paper. The results show that the constant area model for mixing chamber is appropriate for thermodynamic analysis. Within the theoretical value range, there is an optimum value for mixing pressure. As the evaporation temperature increases or the condensation temperature decreases, the optimum mixing pressure comes closer to the ejection pressure, the entrainment ratio goes up and COP of the system improves. However, compared to traditional compression-refrigeration cycle, the system under study improves on a smaller basis. Besides, COP of the system is more sensitive to changes of the inlet isentropic efficiency.
(2) There are two types of throttling losses in traditional dual-temperature vapor compression refrigeration system, that is, expansion valve throttling losses and pressure regulating valve throttling losses. Condensation temperature, high and low temperature evaporator evaporation temperature and cooling load ratio should be comprehensively considered in the selection of the appropriate and reasonable recycling.
(3)The series single-phase model and the parallel two-phase model of dual-temperature compression/injection refrigeration cycle are compared with traditional compression cycle model, and the results show:in the calculated conditions, the two models of dual-temperature compression/injection refrigeration cycle mentioned above have better performance than the traditional double-the isothermal compression refrigeration cycle; the parallel two-phase model is better than the series single-phase model.
(4)Taking the series single-phase model and the parallel two-phase model of dual-temperature compression/injection refrigeration cycle as subjects, classic thermodynamic method and gas power function method are used to analyze the two-phase ejector and single-phase ejector, aiming to see how their performance is influenced by temperature, ratio of cooling load and ejector part isentropic efficiency. The results show:the entrainment ratio of the two-phase ejector increases with the rise of the condensation temperature and the evaporation temperature of the low temperature evaporator B, decreases with the rise of evaporation temperature of the high temperature evaporator A and increases as the efficiency of the various parts of the ejector increase; the opposite trend is true of single-phase ejector; the outlet pressure single-phase ejector can reach increases with the rise of these three temperatures, wherein the impact of the temperature of the two evaporators is especially apparent.
(5) FLUENT software is used to study the impact of the structural parameters and operating conditions on the performance of single-phase ejector for series single-phase mode in order to optimize its structure. According to the results:the nozzle structure, the nozzle pitch, and the length of the mixing chamber all have optimum values corresponding to the optimal injector performance, especially that the nozzle pitch has a critical value. When the nozzle pitch is slightly smaller than this value, the performance of the ejector will plunge.
(1)利用热力学分析法对单温压缩-喷射制冷系统进行了理论分析与研究。研究表明,热力学分析方法采用等面积混合模型比较合理：混合压力在理论取值范围内存在一个最优点,并且随着蒸发温度的升高或冷凝温度的降低,喷射器最优混合压力的取值点越靠近引射压力,喷射系数增加,系统COP升高,但是相对于传统压缩制冷循环的性能提高率减小；喷射器及系统性能对喷射器进口段等熵效率的变化较敏感。
(2)传统双温蒸汽压缩制冷系统存在两类节流损失,即膨胀阀产生的节流损失和压力调节阀产生的节流损失。应该结合冷凝温度、高低温蒸发器蒸发温度和制冷负荷比的不同情况,选用相应合理的回收方式。
(3)选择双温压缩.喷射制冷系统中的串联单相和并联两相模式,与传统压缩循环模式进行对比分析,结果表明：在所选择的计算工况范围内,采用压缩-喷射制冷循环的系统性能总高于传统双温压缩制冷系统,并且并联两相模式比串联单相模式性能更优。
(4)以并联两相模式、串联单相模式的双温压缩-喷射制冷系统为应用对象,分别采用经典热力法和气体动力函数法分析了两相喷射器和单相喷射器的性能受温度、制冷负荷比以及喷射器各部分等熵效率的影响规律。研究表明：两相喷射器的喷射系数随冷凝温度和低温蒸发器B的蒸发温度的升高而增大,随高温蒸发器A的蒸发温度的升高而减小,随着喷射器各部分效率的提高而增加；而单相喷射器喷射系数随温度的变化趋势则相反；并且当这三个温度升高时,单相喷射器的可达到出口压力值均升高,其中两个蒸发温度的影响尤其明显。
(5)利用FLUENT软件对设计的用于串联单相模式的单相喷射器进行了研究,通过对比结构参数和操作工况对其性能的影响规律,对其结构进行了优化。研究发现,对于本文所设计的喷射器,喷嘴结构、喷嘴距、混合室长度均存在使喷射器性能最优的最佳值。尤其是喷嘴距存在一个临界值,当喷嘴距略小于该值时,喷射器性能会发生骤降。
It is reported that China's heating and cooling industry consumed nearly40%of the energy annually. Therefore, energy saving in the refrigeration system has become one of the most important topics of the HVAC industry. Compression/injection refrigeration cycle is a slightly modified version of the original vapor compression refrigeration system with higher efficiency and is the ideal alternative to the existing vapor compression refrigeration system. In this paper, relevant research about this system is carried out.
(1) A thermodynamic analysis of single-temperature Compression/injection refrigeration cycle is carried out in this paper. The results show that the constant area model for mixing chamber is appropriate for thermodynamic analysis. Within the theoretical value range, there is an optimum value for mixing pressure. As the evaporation temperature increases or the condensation temperature decreases, the optimum mixing pressure comes closer to the ejection pressure, the entrainment ratio goes up and COP of the system improves. However, compared to traditional compression-refrigeration cycle, the system under study improves on a smaller basis. Besides, COP of the system is more sensitive to changes of the inlet isentropic efficiency.
(2) There are two types of throttling losses in traditional dual-temperature vapor compression refrigeration system, that is, expansion valve throttling losses and pressure regulating valve throttling losses. Condensation temperature, high and low temperature evaporator evaporation temperature and cooling load ratio should be comprehensively considered in the selection of the appropriate and reasonable recycling.
(3)The series single-phase model and the parallel two-phase model of dual-temperature compression/injection refrigeration cycle are compared with traditional compression cycle model, and the results show:in the calculated conditions, the two models of dual-temperature compression/injection refrigeration cycle mentioned above have better performance than the traditional double-the isothermal compression refrigeration cycle; the parallel two-phase model is better than the series single-phase model.
(4)Taking the series single-phase model and the parallel two-phase model of dual-temperature compression/injection refrigeration cycle as subjects, classic thermodynamic method and gas power function method are used to analyze the two-phase ejector and single-phase ejector, aiming to see how their performance is influenced by temperature, ratio of cooling load and ejector part isentropic efficiency. The results show:the entrainment ratio of the two-phase ejector increases with the rise of the condensation temperature and the evaporation temperature of the low temperature evaporator B, decreases with the rise of evaporation temperature of the high temperature evaporator A and increases as the efficiency of the various parts of the ejector increase; the opposite trend is true of single-phase ejector; the outlet pressure single-phase ejector can reach increases with the rise of these three temperatures, wherein the impact of the temperature of the two evaporators is especially apparent.
(5) FLUENT software is used to study the impact of the structural parameters and operating conditions on the performance of single-phase ejector for series single-phase mode in order to optimize its structure. According to the results:the nozzle structure, the nozzle pitch, and the length of the mixing chamber all have optimum values corresponding to the optimal injector performance, especially that the nozzle pitch has a critical value. When the nozzle pitch is slightly smaller than this value, the performance of the ejector will plunge.
引文
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