数控系统实时IP软核的研究与开发
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摘要
数控机床是现代制造装备的核心，数控系统是数控机床的核心技术，研究和掌握这一核心技术对提高我国的制造业装备水平犹为重要。数控技术的发展与微电子技术的发展紧密相连。目前，数控系统正向开放式、智能化、网络化、可重构等方向发展，而微电子已进入片上系统设计时代。所以，将最新的微电子技术引入到数控技术的研究中，是一个值得研究的课题。本论文介绍了数控系统实时IP软核的设计方法、步骤、对象、测试方法与测试平台，并详细介绍了几个主要IP软核的开发过程。所开发的数控系统实时IP软核既可以采用半定制的方法，用可编程逻辑器件来具体实现，形成控制板卡；也可以在此基础上进一步研究和开发，逐步走向全定制，最终流片为专门的芯片。
论文共分七章。
第一章提出了选题的意义，以及课题的技术背景和主要研究工作。
第二章介绍了IP的概念以及几种流行的硬件描述语言的发展、特点，几种常见的硬件描述语言编码风格，也介绍了与IP软核开发有关的若干关键技术、两种主要EDA工具。在此基础上提出了IP软核开发的基本流程。
第三章分析了目前数控系统的发展现状，针对PC数控系统的实时性问题，提出采用IP复用技术开发数控系统实时内核，并给出了内核组成、开发方法与具体应用。
第四章在介绍目前的数控插补算法和微处理器基本概念的基础上，提出了扩展DDA圆弧插补算法的微处理器寄存器模型，并介绍了扩展DDA圆弧插补器IP软核的具体实现，最后对其进行了误差分析，给出了减少误差的具体方法。
第五章主要分析电机控制系统的构成，并详细介绍了加减速控制器IP软核、脉宽调制器IP软核和增量式光电编码器四倍频检测IP软核的开发。
第六章初步分析了集成电路测试方法，提出了一种软件性测试矢量生成方法，并介绍了所开发的IP软核软、硬件测试平台，最后以加减速控制IP软核为例进行了测试分析。
第七章对全文研究进行了总结，并提出了值得进一步深入探讨的内容。
NC(Numberical Control) system is technology core of NC machine which is a key of the advanced manufacturing equipments, so it is important to study and master the technology in order to improve the manufacturing level of our country. The development of NC technology relates closely with that of micro-electronics. The NC system has become open, intelligent, networked, reconfigurable and in the field of micro-electronics it has went into the times when a system is built on a single chip. Therefore, it is a valuable research topic to apply the uptodate micro-electronics technology to studying NC system. In this paper, the methods, processes, objects, testing ways and testing platform, which were used for designing NC system real time IP(Intellectual Property) softcores, were introduced and how to develop the main NC system real time IP softcores were described, too. Those IP softcores can be integrated in programmable logic devices by half-customizing or designed to integrated circuit by full- customizing.
The thesis consists of seven chapters.
Chapter one pointed out the significance, backgrounds, main contents of the study.
Chapter tow introduced the conception of IP,the development and characteristic of popular HDL(Hardware Description Language)and coding style of several hardware descriptions.The key techniques,tow EDA softwares,which were used in designing IP softcores, were also narrated in this chapter. According as this, the procedure of making IP softcores was put forward in the end.
Chapter three indicated that the NC system real time cores were designed by IP reuse to solve the real time problem of NC system after analyzing the development of NC system.
Chapter four pointed out the microprocessor register module of extended DDA interpolator on basis of introducing of interpolating arithmetics and microprocessor conception and described the specific realization of it.In the end, the error of the interpolator was also analyzed and the measures to reduce the error were noted.
Chapter five analyzed the constitute of servo control and in detail described the development process of IP softcores such as accelerate- decelerate controller, PWM (pulse width modulator), fourfold frequency of encoder.
Chapter six in brief analyzed the test methods of integrated circuit and pointed out a software way to create testing vectors. The testing software -hardware platform was introduced, through which in the end, for example ,accelerate- decelerate controller IP softcore was verified.
Chapter seven summarized the results of this research and indicated the directions to continue this study.
论文共分七章。
第一章提出了选题的意义，以及课题的技术背景和主要研究工作。
第二章介绍了IP的概念以及几种流行的硬件描述语言的发展、特点，几种常见的硬件描述语言编码风格，也介绍了与IP软核开发有关的若干关键技术、两种主要EDA工具。在此基础上提出了IP软核开发的基本流程。
第三章分析了目前数控系统的发展现状，针对PC数控系统的实时性问题，提出采用IP复用技术开发数控系统实时内核，并给出了内核组成、开发方法与具体应用。
第四章在介绍目前的数控插补算法和微处理器基本概念的基础上，提出了扩展DDA圆弧插补算法的微处理器寄存器模型，并介绍了扩展DDA圆弧插补器IP软核的具体实现，最后对其进行了误差分析，给出了减少误差的具体方法。
第五章主要分析电机控制系统的构成，并详细介绍了加减速控制器IP软核、脉宽调制器IP软核和增量式光电编码器四倍频检测IP软核的开发。
第六章初步分析了集成电路测试方法，提出了一种软件性测试矢量生成方法，并介绍了所开发的IP软核软、硬件测试平台，最后以加减速控制IP软核为例进行了测试分析。
第七章对全文研究进行了总结，并提出了值得进一步深入探讨的内容。
NC(Numberical Control) system is technology core of NC machine which is a key of the advanced manufacturing equipments, so it is important to study and master the technology in order to improve the manufacturing level of our country. The development of NC technology relates closely with that of micro-electronics. The NC system has become open, intelligent, networked, reconfigurable and in the field of micro-electronics it has went into the times when a system is built on a single chip. Therefore, it is a valuable research topic to apply the uptodate micro-electronics technology to studying NC system. In this paper, the methods, processes, objects, testing ways and testing platform, which were used for designing NC system real time IP(Intellectual Property) softcores, were introduced and how to develop the main NC system real time IP softcores were described, too. Those IP softcores can be integrated in programmable logic devices by half-customizing or designed to integrated circuit by full- customizing.
The thesis consists of seven chapters.
Chapter one pointed out the significance, backgrounds, main contents of the study.
Chapter tow introduced the conception of IP,the development and characteristic of popular HDL(Hardware Description Language)and coding style of several hardware descriptions.The key techniques,tow EDA softwares,which were used in designing IP softcores, were also narrated in this chapter. According as this, the procedure of making IP softcores was put forward in the end.
Chapter three indicated that the NC system real time cores were designed by IP reuse to solve the real time problem of NC system after analyzing the development of NC system.
Chapter four pointed out the microprocessor register module of extended DDA interpolator on basis of introducing of interpolating arithmetics and microprocessor conception and described the specific realization of it.In the end, the error of the interpolator was also analyzed and the measures to reduce the error were noted.
Chapter five analyzed the constitute of servo control and in detail described the development process of IP softcores such as accelerate- decelerate controller, PWM (pulse width modulator), fourfold frequency of encoder.
Chapter six in brief analyzed the test methods of integrated circuit and pointed out a software way to create testing vectors. The testing software -hardware platform was introduced, through which in the end, for example ,accelerate- decelerate controller IP softcore was verified.
Chapter seven summarized the results of this research and indicated the directions to continue this study.
引文
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