面向景区智能导游的室内外一体化定位及位置服务方法研究
|
摘要
智能导游是基于游客位置的路径引导、游览讲解的综合性服务,与地理信息系统(GIS)、移动定位技术、基于位置的服务(LBS)等之间有着密切的联系。随着我国旅游市场的快速发展和旅游信息化建设的不断推进,强调信息化、定量化的数字旅游、数字景区逐步向强调人性化、智能化服务的智慧旅游、智慧景区建设转化。我国传感网、物联网技术的迅速发展同样加快了这一领域的建设。但是基于传统室外定位(如GPS)为主的车载定位导航难以满足同时具有室外景点与室内展区、展品的景区导游服务,因而室内外一体化定位、导航技术及其在智能导游领域的应用亟待研究。本文旨在将室内外定位技术、方法引入到景区导游服务系统中,从游客时空位置获取、行为分析的角度探讨景区智能导游的室内外一体化定位及其位置服务技术与方法,研究如何构建以GPS、蓝牙和超宽带(Ultra-Wide Band, UWB)定位为基础、可同时满足游客室外和室内一体化路径引导和信息讲解需求的景区智能导游服务方法。基于位置服务及导游学相关理论知识,研究景区智能导游的服务模式、服务构成及特点,提出景区智能导游的体系架构,探讨景区智能导游过程中的室内外定位、室内外游览路径规划引导和室内外景点信息讲解等方法和技术问题,并构建相应原型系统对上述问题进行验证,在此基础上进行应用示范。论文的研究有助于推动移动GIS在旅游行业应用中的理论和技术创新,为旅游服务特别是导游服务的定位、引导和讲解提供一种全新的技术支撑,同时也为拓展景区导游服务模式及方法体系提供新的思路。
总结起来,本文在如下几个方面开展了研究：
(1)对智能导游与位置服务的内蕴联系进行分析,按智能导游获取服务方式的不同,将景区智能导游划分为离线服务、无线网络服务和混合服务三种不同的导游服务模式。分析智能导游服务的业务构成及特点,从更加注重服务游客的整体游览体验-室内外无缝游览、室内外游览路径引导和室内外实时信息播报等方面出发,提出整合室内外定位、游览路径引导服务、系统讲解服务以及其它景区生活设施查询服务的景区智能导游体系架构。阐述景区智能导游的服务内容,并指出其中的室内外定位是基础,而游览路径规划和景点信息讲解是景区智能导游服务中最为重要和关键的组成部分。最后从与现有景区信息化平台集成方面讨论景区智能导游的建设思路。
(2)在调研室内外定位技术的基础之上,分析各种定位方法的定位精度、适用范围和定位可集成性等性能参数,根据景区智能导游系统中室内外定位的具体需求,研究基于GPS、蓝牙和UWB的室内外组合定位方法。本文系统的梳理上述定位的特点,并对景区室内外数据的空间基准进行统一。在此基础之上探讨影响室内外定位切换的三大因素,即建筑物因素、定位设备因素以及人的行为状态因素。提出基于游客行为与空间状态的室内外组合定位模式,通过探测游客的运动状态实现定位切换算法,构建基于GPS与UWB的室内外组合定位平台。
(3)依托景区道路网数据模型,在A*算法等经典最优路径算法的支持下,提出基于景区智能导游的联合分段游览路径规划思想(简称联合分段路径规划),通过将景区智能导游的游览路径划分为由室外路段与室内路段交替衔接的组合体,室外路段自起始点开始至室内景点入口为止,室内路段自室内景点入口至出口点为止,在联合分段游览路径规划主算法、景区游览道路搜索子算法和联合分段游览路径规划子算法的支持下,实现了景区智能导游的室内外游览路径规划。实验结果表明,在室内采用顺序游览和随机游览时,联合分段游览路径规划的结果是合理的,该方法具有现实的可用性。
(4)基于空间对象的位置信息描述参数和空间关系计算模型,在位置语义描述句法规则的支持下,实现以游客自身作为参照物的空间对象位置信息动态描述。依托于室内外定位技术获取的游客实时位置信息,提出一种基于室内外景点播报区域的实时景点信息播报方法,将游客的实时位置与播报区域之间的空间关系作为景点讲解的触发条件,并对不同类型的景区目标采用不同的播报区域划分方法；指出游客在景区游览过程中存在的三种游览方式及其之间的转换关系,实现游客偏离游览线路时的处理方法；针对导游过程中路口播报与景点讲解相冲突的问题,提出一种适时延后或提前播报路口转向信息的处理方法,该方法具有算法复杂度低,可操作性强的特点。
(5)对上述智能导游服务相关理论、一体化定位平台、室内外游览路径规划模型及景点信息实时播报方法进行系统实现,基于嵌入式移动智能终端平台,设计并实现了尚湖景区智能导游服务系统。对论文中提出的相关体系架构和服务模型、方法进行有效性验证,结果表明,基于室内外一体化定位及其位置服务的景区智能导游具有景点讲解自然流畅、路口播报及时准确、偏离线路提醒和处理恰当等特点,能够满足游客在景区范围内的各种导游服务需求,可以在景区大批量投入使用,同时也可以推广到其它相关景区。
Intelligent guide is an integrated service of tourist location-based path guide and tour guide, which is closely based on geographic information systems (GIS), mobile positioning technology, and location based services (LBS). With the rapid development of our tourism market and promotion of tourist information technology, digital tourism and scenic, which focuses on informatization and quantification, has been gradually transformed to intelligent tour and scenic, which focuses on user-friendly and intelligentization. Meanwhile, the rapid development of our sensor network and networking technology also accelerated the construction of intelligent tour and scenic. However, the traditional outdoor positioning-based vehicle navigation (eg. GPS) is difficult to meet the need of scenic tour service including both outdoor attractions and indoor exhibition area including exhibits. Therefore, the integration of indoor and outdoor positioning, navigation technology and its application in the field of intelligent guide urgently need to be improved. This thesis aims to incorporate outdoor and indoor positioning technologies into scenic tour service system. It studies technologies and methods of integration of indoor and outdoor positioning and location services in scenic intelligent guide from the perspective of obtaining tourists' temporal location and analyzing their behavior. In order to satisfy the demand of outdoor and indoor scenic route guidance and information explanation, it also studies how to build intelligent guide service, which is based on GPS, Bluetooth and Ultra-Wideband (Ultra-Wide Band, UWB) positioning. Based on the tourism theory, service patterns, characteristics and composition of a scenic tour guide are studied. Then, the architecture of scenic intelligent tour guide is proposed, and three key technique issues including indoor and outdoor positioning, path planning and information broadcasting are discussed. Finally, a prototype system is implemented and applied to a real case. This research can help to promote the theory and technology innovation of mobile GIS in the application to the tourism industry to some extent. It provides a new technical support to the scenic tour guide service especially in positioning, attraction introduction and guide. Meanwhile, the research also brings new ideas to the scenic tour guide service mode and methodology.
In general, in this thesis, the research work has been carried out as follows:
(1) Due to different ways to access a tour guide service, there are three service modes for the scenic tour guide system:offline, online and hybrid modes. After analyzing the structure and characteristics of an intelligent guide service, in order to emphasize the integrated tour experience such as the indoor and outdoor seamless tour guide, voice interaction and real-time information broadcast, the thesis proposed an scenic tour guide architecture integrated by the voice guide service, the route guidance service, the indoor and outdoor positioning service, and the living facilities query service. Among them, the first three services are the most important and key components in the architecture. Finally, from the LBS and guide services, the system integration and the institutional norms, various safeguards are provided to guarantee the operation of scenic smart guide services.
(2) Based on the investigation of various indoor and outdoor positioning technologies, the thesis analyzes several performance parameters such as the positioning accuracy, the application scope and the integration degree. To the specific needs of indoor and outdoor positioning intelligent guide system, this thesis studies the indoor and outdoor integrated positioning method based on GPS and UWB. This thesis also systematically combs the GPS location and the characteristics of UWB indoor positioning, and unifies the scenic indoor and outdoor data space benchmark. Then, the impact factors of indoor and outdoor positioning switching influenced by environment, physical and human are discussed, and an indoor and outdoor combination mode is proposed based on visitor behavior and space state. By constructing positioning switching algorithm using motion detection, an integrated GPS and UWB indoor positioning platform is built.
(3) Relying on the scenic road network data model, by using classic optimal path algorithms such as the A*algorithm, the idea of scenic tour route planning joint staging (referred to jointly staging path planning) is proposed based on intelligent guide. In the idea, a tour path is regarded as a combination of indoor sections and outdoor sections. The outdoor road is from the start point to the entrance of the indoor attraction, and the indoor attraction sections start from the inlet to the outlet. Supported by the main joint segmentation path planning algorithm, the scenic road tour joint segmentation algorithm and the search sub-tour path planning algorithm, a scenic tour of indoor and outdoor attractions intelligent route planning is designed and implemented. Experimental results show that the tour route planning joint segmentation result is reasonable whatever a tour is sequential or random indoors. This method is available in practical applications.
(4) Based on the location information description parameters and spatial relationships computing model, and with the support of semantic description of syntactic rules, a dynamic description by referencing tourists'own position is designed. Depending on the real-time locations of tourists obtained by indoor and outdoor positioning technologies, a method for broadcasting real-time information of attractions based on indoor and outdoor attractions broadcast region is proposed. The method makes use of the spatial relationship between a tourist and the broadcast area as guide triggers to broadcast information according to different broadcast zones and different scenic areas. The thesis points out three touring ways in scenic tour process and their conversion relationship, and proposes a solution to the problem of tourist's deviation from the cruise line. It also presents a timely postponing or advance broadcasting algorithm to solve conflicts in attraction broadcasting and turning point broadcasting. This algorithm has low complexity and high operability.
(5) By implementing the above tour guide service architecture, integrated positioning platform, indoor and outdoor attractions path planning model and real-time information attraction broadcast methods, the Shanghu scenic intelligent guide system is designed and implemented on an embedded mobile intelligent terminal platform. Experiment is made to validate the architecture and service model proposed in the thesis. Results show that the scenic intelligent guide system has the advantages of natural and smooth guide explanation, timely and accurate direction broadcasting, and proper off line reminder, etc. It is fully capable to meet various guide requirements of tourists, and it also can be applied in other large scale scenic areas.
总结起来,本文在如下几个方面开展了研究：
(1)对智能导游与位置服务的内蕴联系进行分析,按智能导游获取服务方式的不同,将景区智能导游划分为离线服务、无线网络服务和混合服务三种不同的导游服务模式。分析智能导游服务的业务构成及特点,从更加注重服务游客的整体游览体验-室内外无缝游览、室内外游览路径引导和室内外实时信息播报等方面出发,提出整合室内外定位、游览路径引导服务、系统讲解服务以及其它景区生活设施查询服务的景区智能导游体系架构。阐述景区智能导游的服务内容,并指出其中的室内外定位是基础,而游览路径规划和景点信息讲解是景区智能导游服务中最为重要和关键的组成部分。最后从与现有景区信息化平台集成方面讨论景区智能导游的建设思路。
(2)在调研室内外定位技术的基础之上,分析各种定位方法的定位精度、适用范围和定位可集成性等性能参数,根据景区智能导游系统中室内外定位的具体需求,研究基于GPS、蓝牙和UWB的室内外组合定位方法。本文系统的梳理上述定位的特点,并对景区室内外数据的空间基准进行统一。在此基础之上探讨影响室内外定位切换的三大因素,即建筑物因素、定位设备因素以及人的行为状态因素。提出基于游客行为与空间状态的室内外组合定位模式,通过探测游客的运动状态实现定位切换算法,构建基于GPS与UWB的室内外组合定位平台。
(3)依托景区道路网数据模型,在A*算法等经典最优路径算法的支持下,提出基于景区智能导游的联合分段游览路径规划思想(简称联合分段路径规划),通过将景区智能导游的游览路径划分为由室外路段与室内路段交替衔接的组合体,室外路段自起始点开始至室内景点入口为止,室内路段自室内景点入口至出口点为止,在联合分段游览路径规划主算法、景区游览道路搜索子算法和联合分段游览路径规划子算法的支持下,实现了景区智能导游的室内外游览路径规划。实验结果表明,在室内采用顺序游览和随机游览时,联合分段游览路径规划的结果是合理的,该方法具有现实的可用性。
(4)基于空间对象的位置信息描述参数和空间关系计算模型,在位置语义描述句法规则的支持下,实现以游客自身作为参照物的空间对象位置信息动态描述。依托于室内外定位技术获取的游客实时位置信息,提出一种基于室内外景点播报区域的实时景点信息播报方法,将游客的实时位置与播报区域之间的空间关系作为景点讲解的触发条件,并对不同类型的景区目标采用不同的播报区域划分方法；指出游客在景区游览过程中存在的三种游览方式及其之间的转换关系,实现游客偏离游览线路时的处理方法；针对导游过程中路口播报与景点讲解相冲突的问题,提出一种适时延后或提前播报路口转向信息的处理方法,该方法具有算法复杂度低,可操作性强的特点。
(5)对上述智能导游服务相关理论、一体化定位平台、室内外游览路径规划模型及景点信息实时播报方法进行系统实现,基于嵌入式移动智能终端平台,设计并实现了尚湖景区智能导游服务系统。对论文中提出的相关体系架构和服务模型、方法进行有效性验证,结果表明,基于室内外一体化定位及其位置服务的景区智能导游具有景点讲解自然流畅、路口播报及时准确、偏离线路提醒和处理恰当等特点,能够满足游客在景区范围内的各种导游服务需求,可以在景区大批量投入使用,同时也可以推广到其它相关景区。
Intelligent guide is an integrated service of tourist location-based path guide and tour guide, which is closely based on geographic information systems (GIS), mobile positioning technology, and location based services (LBS). With the rapid development of our tourism market and promotion of tourist information technology, digital tourism and scenic, which focuses on informatization and quantification, has been gradually transformed to intelligent tour and scenic, which focuses on user-friendly and intelligentization. Meanwhile, the rapid development of our sensor network and networking technology also accelerated the construction of intelligent tour and scenic. However, the traditional outdoor positioning-based vehicle navigation (eg. GPS) is difficult to meet the need of scenic tour service including both outdoor attractions and indoor exhibition area including exhibits. Therefore, the integration of indoor and outdoor positioning, navigation technology and its application in the field of intelligent guide urgently need to be improved. This thesis aims to incorporate outdoor and indoor positioning technologies into scenic tour service system. It studies technologies and methods of integration of indoor and outdoor positioning and location services in scenic intelligent guide from the perspective of obtaining tourists' temporal location and analyzing their behavior. In order to satisfy the demand of outdoor and indoor scenic route guidance and information explanation, it also studies how to build intelligent guide service, which is based on GPS, Bluetooth and Ultra-Wideband (Ultra-Wide Band, UWB) positioning. Based on the tourism theory, service patterns, characteristics and composition of a scenic tour guide are studied. Then, the architecture of scenic intelligent tour guide is proposed, and three key technique issues including indoor and outdoor positioning, path planning and information broadcasting are discussed. Finally, a prototype system is implemented and applied to a real case. This research can help to promote the theory and technology innovation of mobile GIS in the application to the tourism industry to some extent. It provides a new technical support to the scenic tour guide service especially in positioning, attraction introduction and guide. Meanwhile, the research also brings new ideas to the scenic tour guide service mode and methodology.
In general, in this thesis, the research work has been carried out as follows:
(1) Due to different ways to access a tour guide service, there are three service modes for the scenic tour guide system:offline, online and hybrid modes. After analyzing the structure and characteristics of an intelligent guide service, in order to emphasize the integrated tour experience such as the indoor and outdoor seamless tour guide, voice interaction and real-time information broadcast, the thesis proposed an scenic tour guide architecture integrated by the voice guide service, the route guidance service, the indoor and outdoor positioning service, and the living facilities query service. Among them, the first three services are the most important and key components in the architecture. Finally, from the LBS and guide services, the system integration and the institutional norms, various safeguards are provided to guarantee the operation of scenic smart guide services.
(2) Based on the investigation of various indoor and outdoor positioning technologies, the thesis analyzes several performance parameters such as the positioning accuracy, the application scope and the integration degree. To the specific needs of indoor and outdoor positioning intelligent guide system, this thesis studies the indoor and outdoor integrated positioning method based on GPS and UWB. This thesis also systematically combs the GPS location and the characteristics of UWB indoor positioning, and unifies the scenic indoor and outdoor data space benchmark. Then, the impact factors of indoor and outdoor positioning switching influenced by environment, physical and human are discussed, and an indoor and outdoor combination mode is proposed based on visitor behavior and space state. By constructing positioning switching algorithm using motion detection, an integrated GPS and UWB indoor positioning platform is built.
(3) Relying on the scenic road network data model, by using classic optimal path algorithms such as the A*algorithm, the idea of scenic tour route planning joint staging (referred to jointly staging path planning) is proposed based on intelligent guide. In the idea, a tour path is regarded as a combination of indoor sections and outdoor sections. The outdoor road is from the start point to the entrance of the indoor attraction, and the indoor attraction sections start from the inlet to the outlet. Supported by the main joint segmentation path planning algorithm, the scenic road tour joint segmentation algorithm and the search sub-tour path planning algorithm, a scenic tour of indoor and outdoor attractions intelligent route planning is designed and implemented. Experimental results show that the tour route planning joint segmentation result is reasonable whatever a tour is sequential or random indoors. This method is available in practical applications.
(4) Based on the location information description parameters and spatial relationships computing model, and with the support of semantic description of syntactic rules, a dynamic description by referencing tourists'own position is designed. Depending on the real-time locations of tourists obtained by indoor and outdoor positioning technologies, a method for broadcasting real-time information of attractions based on indoor and outdoor attractions broadcast region is proposed. The method makes use of the spatial relationship between a tourist and the broadcast area as guide triggers to broadcast information according to different broadcast zones and different scenic areas. The thesis points out three touring ways in scenic tour process and their conversion relationship, and proposes a solution to the problem of tourist's deviation from the cruise line. It also presents a timely postponing or advance broadcasting algorithm to solve conflicts in attraction broadcasting and turning point broadcasting. This algorithm has low complexity and high operability.
(5) By implementing the above tour guide service architecture, integrated positioning platform, indoor and outdoor attractions path planning model and real-time information attraction broadcast methods, the Shanghu scenic intelligent guide system is designed and implemented on an embedded mobile intelligent terminal platform. Experiment is made to validate the architecture and service model proposed in the thesis. Results show that the scenic intelligent guide system has the advantages of natural and smooth guide explanation, timely and accurate direction broadcasting, and proper off line reminder, etc. It is fully capable to meet various guide requirements of tourists, and it also can be applied in other large scale scenic areas.
引文
[1]A Rashid B M Sharif^ Max J Egenhofer, David M Mark. Natural-Language Spatial Relations Between Linear and Areal Objects:The Topology and Metric of English-Language Terms[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science.1998,12(3):215-246.
[2]Abdulrasool D, Sabra S. Mobile-embedded smart guide for the blind[C]. Dijon, France:Springer Verlag,2011.571-578.
[3]Ardissono L, Goy A, Petrone G, et al. INTRIGUE:Personalized recommendation of tourist attractions for desktop and hand held devices[J]. Applied Artificial Intelligence,2003,17(8-9):687-714.
[4]Asian I, Xu F, Uszkoreit H, et al. COMPASS2008:Multimodal, multilingual and crosslingual interaction for mobile tourist guide applications[C]. Madonna di Campiglio, Italy:Springer Verlag,2005.3-12.
[5]BARNES, J., RIZOS, C., KANLI, M., PAHWA, A:High accuracy positioning using Locata's next generation technology. Proceedings of ION, 2005.
[6]BARNES, J., RIZOS, C., WANG, J. Locata:the positioning technology of the future? Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Satellite Navigation Technology Including Mobile Positioning &Location Services, Melbourne, Australia July 2003.
[7]BARNES, J., Van CRANENBROECK, J., RIZOS, C., PAHWA, A., POLITI, N:Long Term Performance Analysis of a New Ground-transceiver Positioning Network (LocataNet) for Structural Deformation Monitoring Applications. FIG Working Week 2007, Hong Kong SAR, China,13-17 May 2007.
[8]Barrera E C, Nunez-Vare la A. An animated agent with natural speech as a guide at a tourist web site[C]. Orlando, FL, United states:International Social Science Council, ISSC,2005.245-247.
[9]Cao T, Phan T, Nguyen A. An ontology based approach to data representation and information search in smart tourist guide system[C]. Hanoi, Viet nam: IEEE Computer Society,2011.171-175.
[10]Capkun, S, M. Hamdi, and J. P. Hubaux. GPS-free Positioning in Mobile Ad-Hoc networks. Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences (January 2001),3481-3490.
[11]Cena F, Console L, Gena C, et al. Integrating heterogeneous adaptation techniques to build a flexible and usable mobile tourist guide[J]. AI Communications,2006,19(4):369-384.
[12]Chen R, Chen Y, Pei L, Chen W, Kuusniemi H, Liu J, Leppalkoski H, Takala,J.2009a. A DSP-based multi-sensor multi-network positioning platform[C]. Proc. ION GNSS 2009, Savannah, Georgia, USA,615-621.
[13]Chen R, Chen Wj, Chen X, Zhang X, Chen Y.2010c. Sensing strides using EMG signal for pedestrian navigation[J]. GPS Solutions, DOI: 10.1007/s10291-010-0180-x.
[14]Chen R, Kuusniemi H, Chen Y, Pei L, Chen Wj, Liu J, Leppiikoski H, Takala J.2010b. Multi-Sensor Multi-Network Positioning[J]. GPS World, 21(2):18-27.
[15]Chen R, Kuusniemi H, Hyyppa, Zhang J, Takala J, Kuittinen R, Chen J, Pei L, Liu Z, Zhu L, QinY, Leppiikoski H, Wang J.2010a. Going 3D, Personal Nav and LBS[J]. GPS World,21 (2):14-18.
[16]Chen S, Yuan Y J. Wireless electronic tourist guide system based on microcontroller[C]. Xi'an, China:IEEE Computer Society,2011. IEEE Xi'an Section; IEEE Hong Kong Section; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xidian University; Xi'an Jiaotong University.
[17]Chen w, Chen Y, Kuusniemi H, Wang J, Fu Z.2010d. An adaptive calibration approach for a 2-axis digital compass in a low-cost pedestrian navigation system[C]. Proc. IEEE 12MTC, Austin, TX, USA,2010,1392-1397.
[18]Chen W, Zhang X.2010e. A novel EMG-based stride length estimation method for pedestriandead reckoning[C]. Proc. ION GNSS 2010, Portland, Oregon, USA.
[19]Chen W, Fu Z, Chen R, Chen Y, Andrei O, Kroger T, Wang J.2009b. An integrated GPS and multi-sensor pedestrian positioning system for 3D urban navigation[C]. Proc. Joint UrbanRemote Sensing Event 2009, Shanghai, China,1-6.
[20]Chen X, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Yang J, Lantz V, Wang K.2007. Hand gesture recognition research based on surface EMG sensors and 2D-accelerometers[C]. Proc.1 lth IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, Boston MA, USA,11-14.
[21]Chen Y, Chen R, Pei L, Kroeger T, Chen Wj, Kuusniemi H, Liu J.2010f Knowledge-based error detection and correction method of a multi-sensor multi-network positioning platform forpedestrian indoor navigation[C]. Proc. IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) 2010, Indian Wells, CA, USA.
[22]Cheverst K, Davies N, Mitchell K, et al. developing a context-aware electronic tourist guide:some issues and experiences[C]. The Hague, Neth: ACM,2000.17-24.
[23]Cheverst K, Davies N, Mitchell K, et al. Experiences of developing and deploying a context-aware tourist guide:The guide project[C]. Boston, MA, USA:ACM,2000.20-31.
[24]Cheverst K, Mitchell K, Davies N. Design of an object model for a context sensitive tourist guide[J]. Computers and Graphics (Pergamon),1999,23(6): 883-891.
[25]Curran K, Smith K. A location based wireless tourist guide[C]. Las Vegas, NV, United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,2006.813-817.
[26]Dai M, Zhou D, Shi B, et al. Research on virtual tourist guide training system based on virtual reality technology[C]. Wuhan, China:IEEE Computer Society,2010.155-158.
[27]Diez-Diaz F, Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Vidau A. An accesible and collaborative tourist guide based on augmented reality and mobile devices[C]. Beijing, China:Springer Verlag,2007.353-362.
[28]Egenhofer M J. Multimodal spatial querying. In:Proceedings of Seventh International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling. London:Taylor & Francis.1996,785-799.
[29]El Choubassi M, Nestares O, Wu Y, et al. An augmented reality tourist guide on your mobile devices[C]. Chongqing, China:Springer Verlag,2009. 588-602.
[30]Elias B. Extracting landmarks with data mining methods[M], in Spatial information theory. Springer,2003:1-15.
[31]Evjemo B, Akselsen S, Schurmann A. User acceptance of digital tourist guides lessons learnt from two field studies[C]. Beijing, China:Springer Verlag,2007.746-755.
[32]FUKUJU, Y, MINAMI, M., MORKAWA, H., AOYAMA, T:DOLPHIN: An Autonomous Indoor Positioning System in Ubiquitous Computing Environment, Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Software Technologies for Future Embedded Systems,2003.
[33]Gael C, Da Rugna J, Cousin S. Smart travel guide:From internet image database to intelligent system[C]. San Francisco, CA, United states:SPIE, 2011. The Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS and T); The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).
[34]Geer D. The E911 dilemma[J], Wireless Business and Technology,2001, November/December.
[35]Gretzel U. Intelligent System in Tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2011,38(3):757-779.
[36]HAZAS, M., HOPPER, A:A Novel Broadband Ultrasonic Location System for Improved Indoor Positioning, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, VOL.5, NO.5, MAY 2006.
[37]HEIN, G., RODRIGUEZ, J., WALLNER, T., EISSFELLER, B., HARTL, P: Envisioning a future GNSS system of systems-part 2. Inside GNSS 2(2)64-72,2007.
[38]Ieong T W H A, Lam T H W, Lee A C M, et al. iJADE Tourist Guide-A mobile location-awareness agent-based system for tourist guiding[C]. Melbourne, Australia:Springer Verlag,2005.671-677.
[39]J, Caffery and G, Stuber. Overview of Radio Location in CDMA cellular Systems. IEEE Communication Magazine, April 1998,3630-37.
[40]J. Reed, K. Krizman, B.Woerner, and T.S.Rappaport, Am overview of the challenges and progress in meeting the E-911 requirement for location service, IEEE Commumication Magazine, April 1998,36:30-37.
[41]J.Caffery, Wireless Location in CDMA Cellular Radio Systems,Kluwer Academic Pubishers,2001.
[42]J.Caffery. Wireless Location in CDMA cellular Systems, Kluwer Academic Pubishers, Boston,1999.
[43]Jiao J, Lin H. Intelligent guide system based on the internet of things[C]. Enshi, China:Springer Verlag,2011.627-631.
[44]KENNEDY, S., HAMILTON, J., MARTELL, H:Architecture and System Performance of SPAN-NovAtel's GPS/INS Solution, Proceedings of IEEE/ION PLANS 2006, San Diego, USA, April 23-25,2006.
[45]Kenteris M, Gavalas D, Economou D. Developing tourist guide applications for mobile devices using the J2ME platform[C]. Amman, Jordan:Inst. of Elec. and Elec. Eng. Computer Society,2006.178-183.
[46]Kenteris M, Gavalas D, and Economou D. Mytilene E-guide:A multiplatform mobile application tourist guide exemplar[J]. Multimedia Tools and Applications,2011,54(2):241-262.
[47]Kenteris M, Gavalas D, Pantziou G, et al. Near-optimal personalized daily itineraries for a mobile tourist guide[C]. Riccione, Italy:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,2010.862-864.
[48]KRAUTSCHNEIDER, R:Untersuchungen zur Leistungsfahirkeit des Messystems Indoor GPS. Diploma Thesis at the University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe,2006.
[49]LACHAPELLE, G.:GNSS Indoor Location Technologies. J. of Global Positioning Systems 3(1-2), p.2-11,2004.
[50]Lam T H W, Lee R S T. iJADE FreeWalker:An ontology-based tourist guiding system[C]. Bournemouth, United Kingdom:Springer Verlag,2006. 644-651.
[51]Laporte L, Eyckerman P, Zaman B. Designing a mobile task based UI for tourists[C]. Bonn, Germany:Association for Computing Machinery,2009. Nokia; Telekom; RIM.
[52]Li J, Wu Q, Li X, et al. Context-based personalized moblie tourist guide[C]. Shanghai, China:IEEE Computer Society,2009.607-611.
[53]LINDE, H.:On Aspects of Indoor Localization, PhD-Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Dortmund,2006.
[54]Liu H, Chen J, Guo M. The construction and study in online class of the Tourist Guide Base[C]. Changsha, China:IEEE Computer Society,2010. 726-730.
[55]Manoufali M, Aladwani A, Alseraidy S, et al. Smart guide for blind people[C]. Dubai, United arab emirates:IEEE Computer Society,2011. 61-63.
[56]Meng J, Xu N. A mobile tourist guide system based on mashup technology[C]. Hangzhou, China:IEEE Computer Society,2010.1716-1719.
[57]MINAMI, M., FUKUJU, Y, HIRASAWA, K., YOKOYAMA, S., MizUmachi, M., MORIKAWA, H., AOYAMA, T:DOLPHIN:A Practical Approach for Implementing a Fully Distributed Indoor Ultrasonic Positioning System. Ubicomp 2004:347-365.
[58]Modsching M, Kramer R, Ten Hagen K, et al. Effectiveness of mobile recommender systems for tourist destinations:A user evaluation[C]. Stanford, CA, United states:American Association for Artificial Intelligence,2007. 88-89.
[59]P. Deng, P.Z.Fan. An AOA Assisted TOA Positioning SYSTEM.2000 Int.. Conf. on Communication Technology (ICCT2000), Beijing, China, Aug. 21-25,2000,2:1501-1504.
[60]P.Deng, P.Z.Fan, An Efficient Position-Based Dynamic Location Algorithm, 2000 Int.Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized System, Chengdu, PRC, Sept.21-23,2000,36-39.
[61]Park D, Hwang S, Kim A, et al. A context-aware smart tourist guide application for an old palace[C]. Gyongju, Korea, Republic of:Inst. of Elec. and Elec. Eng. Computer Society,2007.89-94.
[62]Pires Jr. W R, Loureiro A A F, Oliveira R A R. Using Web technologies in assessment of context-aware pervasive/ubiquitous systems:A tourist guide service[C]. Niagara Falls, ON, Canada:IEEE Computer Society,2010. 691-698.
[63]PRIYANTHA, N. B:The Cricket Indoor Location System, PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, p.199,2005.
[64]Rainer Mautz, Combination of Indoor and Outdoor Positioning,1st International Conference on Machine Control & Guidance, ETH Zurich, Switzerland,2008.
[65]Saarinen, J. A sensor-based personal navigation system and its application for incorporating humans into a human-robot team[D]:[Ph.D.]. Finland: Helsinki University of Technology,2009.
[66]Schilit B, LaMarca A, Boriello G, Griswold W, McDonald D, Lazowska E, Balachandran A, Hong J, Iverson V. Ubiquitous location-aware computing and the'PlaceLab' Initiative[J], In 1st ACM International workshop on Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots, San Diego, CA, September 2003.
[67]Sharda N L. Tourism Informatics:Visual Travel Recommender System, Social Communities and User Interface Design[M]. New York:Yurchak Printing Inc,2009.2-5.
[68]Sharma S, Agrawal A. IMTS-An interactive multimodal tourist-guide system[C]. Chennai, India:IEEE Computer Society,2010.233-238.
[69]Souffriau W, Vansteenwegen P, Vertommen J, et al. A personalized tourist trip design algorithm for mobile tourist guides[J]. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2008,22(10):964-985.
[70]STONE, W. C., Electro magnetic Signal Attenuation in Construction Materials, NIST Report 6055, National Institute of Standards,1997, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
[71]Suzuki K, Wakabayashi Y. Cultural differences of spatial descriptions in tourist guidebooks[C]. Frauenchiemsee, Germany:Springer Verlag,2005. 147-164.
[72]Ten Hagen K, Modsching M, Kramer R. A location aware mobile tourist guide selecting and interpreting sights and services by context matching[C]. San Diego, CA, United states:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,2005.293-301.
[73]Wang X, et al. A Study on How Humans Describe Relative Positions of Image Objects[C]. Headway in Spatial Data Handling, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography,2008,1-18.
[74]Yang L, Zhang R, Sun H, et al. A tourist itinerary planning approach based on ant colony algorithm[C]. Harbin, China:Springer Verlag,2012.399-404.
[75]Zandbergen P A. Accuracy of iPhone Locations:A Comparison of Assisted GPS, WiFi and Cellular Positioning[J]. Transactions in GIS,2009,13:5-25.
[76]Zhang H, Chen Y. Research on design and compilation of "the tourist atlas of Shanxi province"[C]. Shanghai, China:IEEE Computer Society,2009. 263-266.
[77]Zhang ling, Long yi, Chen Yue, et al. The construction of CNL rules in mobile GIS. In Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment:Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments[C]. Proc. of SPIE,2008,7143:71430H-1-8.
[78]Zhang M, Yang Q. The forecasting upon demand for tourist guides based on BP neural network[C]. Guilin, China:IEEE Computer Society,2010. 641-643.
[79]安文魁.基于无线传感器网络的智能电子导游系统[D].西安电子科技大学,2006.
[80]白帆,张福浩.多目标缓冲区生成算法[J].全球定位系统,2011(1)：38-41.
[81]白凯.旅游网络交易中的顾客关系管理[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(9)5-6.
[82]卜华,刘运,孙越,等.基于Cortex-M3的智能导游小车的设计[J].软件工程师,2012(12)：50-51.
[83]陈美君,胡小猛.现代旅游信息管理系统(TIMS)的构建[J].旅游科学,2004(4):68-72.
[84]陈伟.基于GPS和自包含传感器的行人室内外无缝定位算法研究[D],中国科学技术大学,2010.
[85]陈文广,董士海,岳玮宁,等.手持移动计算中的人机交互技术研究[J].计算机应用,2005,25(10):2219-2223.
[86]陈习权,王汝笠,潘中明,等.基于红外信标网络的无线智能导游系统的设计[J].红外,2007,28(12):25-29.
[87]陈玉敏.大区域分布式多级道路网的最优路径算法与服务研究[D].武汉大学,2005.
[88]邓健志,程小辉.基于超高频RFID的音视频溶洞电子导游系统设计[J].电视技术,2012,36(19)：89-91.
[89]邓平,李莉,范平志.一种TDOA/AOA混合定位算法及其性能分析[J].电波科学学报,2002.
[90]邓平.蜂窝网络移动台定位技术研究[D],西南交通大学,2002.
[91]杜长海.计算智能及其在城市交通诱导系统中的应用研究[D].重庆大学,2009.
[92]杜艳冰.基于GPS定位的校园电子导游系统设计与实现[D].北京林业大学,2011.
[93]范平志、邓平、刘林.蜂窝网无线定位(M).北京,电子工业出版社,2002：12.
[94]方志刚,王军,汤益军.导游系统的发展及其人性化趋势[J].人类工效学,2008,14(2).48-50.
[95]冯哲,孙吉贵,张长胜,等.汉语语音合成的研究进展[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2007,25(2)：198-206.
[96]付欣玮,李俊逸,尹程斌,等.基于单片机的GPS智能导游机系统设计与实现[J].微计算机信息,2012,28(2)53-55.
[97]龚咏喜,刘瑜,邬伦等.基于带权Voronoi图与地标的空间位置描述[J].地 理与地理信息科学,2010,26(4):21-26.
[98]龚玉明.谈旅游信息在经济决策中的地位及其开发利用[J].旅游学刊,1994(1):31-34.
[99]郭建忠,欧阳,魏海平,等.基于文件与基于数据库的格网索引[J].测绘学院学报,2002(3):220-223.
[100]郭仁忠.空间分析[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001.
[101]郭秀华,李磊.基于STC89S52的自助无线导游系统设计[J].工业控制计算机,2012,25(8)：130-131.
[102]顾宗海.基于RSSI测距的室内定位算法研究[D].郑州大学,2011.
[103]韩纪庆,邵艳秋.基于语音信号的情感处理研究进展[J].电声技术,2006(5)58-62.
[104]郝志凯,王硕,谭民.基于优化策略的混合定位算法[J].自动化学报.2010,36(5):711-719.
[105]何丰,徐琪.基于Web的虚拟现实导游系统的设计与实现[J].宁夏大学学报：自然科学版,2005,26(4):329-331.
[106]胡军国,孙毅,祁亨年.在嵌入式系统中求解无约束的现实TSP问题[J].计算机工程与应用,2008,44(6):225-227.
[107]胡雷地.基于汉语语音的智能导游服务系统设计与实现[D].南京师范大学,2009.
[108]贾文杰,孙志锋.基于Android平台的智能导游系统[J].机电工程,2011,28(10)：1257-1259.
[109]蒋增文.基于无线传感网的电子导游系统研究与实现[D].东华大学,2011.
[110]焦金涛,林宏基.物联网智能导游系统设计与实现[J].重庆理工大学学报：自然科学,2012,26(8)98-100.
[111]景昕蒂,王方雄.大连市旅游电子地图的设计与开发[J].地理空间信息,2011(1)：128-130.
[112]李昌贵.基于网格的网络导航服务关键技术研究[D].信息工程大学,2011.
[113]李宏.论信息技术在旅游业中的应用[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2003(4)：17-23.
[114]李娟娟,张金艺,张秉煜,等.蓝牙4.0标准规范下的模糊指纹定位算法[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2013,19(2)：126-131.
[115]李君轶,张柳,孙九林,等.旅游信息科学：一个研究框架[J].旅游 学刊,2011(6):72-79.
[116]李诺夫.矢量基础地理数据质量控制方法研究[J].国土资源信息化,2011(2):29-32.
[117]李入元,张延军,王志安,等.旅游云讲解管理系统的实现[J].电子商务,2012(1):36-37.
[118]李孝辉,刘娅,张丽荣.超宽带室内定位系统[J],测控技术,2006(3)：47-49.
[119]梁尧忠,罗振雄.国际旅游信息化研究[J].旅游学刊,2012(9)4-5.
[120]林坚立,董金明.基于EP7312和μC/OS-Ⅱ智能导游讲解系统[J].电子测量技术,2004(6).45-46.
[121]刘超,仇润鹤.基于ET系列芯片的嵌入式多媒体导游系统的设计与实现[J].电子技术应用,2006,32(4)56-58.
[122]刘庆亮.基于WinCE的GPS手机导游系统的研究[D].中南大学,2010.
[123]刘绍华,路紫.浅议旅游目的地营销系统的区域整合功能—以大连旅游网为例[J].旅游学刊,2004(2)：84-88.
[124]刘涛.浅谈智能导游中上下文感知计算的应用与研究[J].电脑知识与技术,2010,6(12)3222-3223.
[125]刘峪瑄,余成波,熊飞,等.电子导游机精确定位算法研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2011(07)：2562-2565.
[126]刘振波,方志刚,徐洁.改进的蚁群算法在智能导游系统路径优化中的应用[J].江南大学学报：自然科学版,2008,7(5)561-563.
[127]刘振波,方志刚,徐洁.智能导游系统最短路径的遗传算法实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2008,44(30)：217-218.
[128]柳军.混合定位导航研究[D].同济大学电子与信息工程学院,2007.
[129]罗静.GPS导航数据的组织与应用研究[D].国防科学技术大学,2005.
[130]罗月童,孙静,陈韬.虚拟导游的行为模型研究[J].工程图学学报,2011,32(5)35-39.
[131]马洪连,刘红日,丁男.多功能便携式旅游导航系统的设计与开发[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28(4)：150-152.
[132]马荟,於志文,樊祥超,等.一种采用UWB定位系统进行行为识别的方法[J].计算机工程与应用,2012,48(14)：208-213.
[133]马江山.交通网络限制条件下的最短路问题研究[D].东南大学,2009.
[134]茆长荣.旅游电子地图功能与内容的探讨--以合肥为例[J].合肥学院学报：自然科学版,2006,16(4):86-89.
[135]明小娜.基于扩展有限状态机模型的GIS人机对话模式设计与应用 [D].南京师范大学,2011.
[136]聂雷刚,李咏梅,余元辉.基于聚类分析算法的智能旅游规划[J].电脑开发与应用,2012,25(2):28-30.
[137]牛司朋,王珏,刘增刚,等.景区智能导游系统中语音解说技术分析研究[J].电脑编程技巧与维护,2009(8):88-90.
[138]彭艳.基于嵌入式数据库SQLite的智能导游系统[J].计算机系统应用,2011,20(4):254-256.
[139]戚铭尧,李家齐.面向物流的空间信息服务研究[Z].昆明：2006.
[140]齐勇.导游机器人硬件系统设计与最优路径规划[D].中国海洋大学,2006.
[141]钱程扬,龙毅,徐震,等.基于Web文本的开放式空间信息查询[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2010,35(1):83-87.
[142]钱国明,徐飞.基于RK2706的RFID智能导游系统设计[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2011,11(7)"52-54.
[143]屈春华.基于RFID的智能语音导游系统的研究与实现[D].北京交通大学,2011.
[144]屈维,陶世胜.旅游业网上电子地图导游系统框架构想[J].地图,2000(2)：1-3.
[145]芮建勋.旅游信息与电子商务实验室架构研究[J].旅游科学,2007(1)：63-68.
[146]施竟成,方志刚,汤益军.便携式智能导游系统的设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2010(3):269-271.
[147]施连敏,陈志峰,贾海天.基于PTR2000的电子导游系统的设计与实现[J].电子技术应用,2011,37(11)：137-139.
[148]苏凯,曹元,李俊,等.基于UWB和DGPS的混合定位方法研究[J].计算机应用与软件,2010(5):212-215.
[149]孙爱萍,王金英.计算机语音合成系统的研究与应用.电声技术,2009,33(6):48-51.
[150]孙柏.蜂窝网络中基于TDOA的定位算法研究[D].湖南师范大学,2007.
[151]孙杰贤.新加坡“iN2015”计划完全解读[J].通讯世界,2007(7)50-53.
[152]孙静.虚拟旅游场景中虚拟导游行为模型研究[D].合肥工业大学,2009.
[153]覃建雄.旅游电子商务研究进展与前瞻[J].成都理工大学学报(社会科学版),2004(1)：66-70.
[154]汤国安,刘学军,闾国年等,地理信息系统教程[M],北京：高等教育 出版社,2007.
[155]汤益军,徐洁,方志刚.基于普适计算的智能GPS导游系统研究[J].计算机系统应用,2007(4):83-85.
[156]唐建雄.基于WebGIS的西湖景区导游系统开发[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,28(15)3803-3804.
[157]陶齐齐,陈韦松,施连敏.基于ZigBee技术的电子导游系统的实现[J].技术与市场,2012(8).4-5.
[158]田雷,郭同强,冀寿存,等.基于位置相关的旅游信息主动推送服务系统[J].计算机应用,2009(12)3453-3457.
[159]田世君,高灵敏度GPS定位及组合导航技术研究[D],电子科技大学,2009.
[160]仝晓萌,叶文华.基于ZigBee和uCOS-Ⅱ的智能导游车[J].微计算机信息,2011,27(5)93-94.
[161]屠晓东.基于UWB信号的多基站与单基站定位算法的研究与性能分析[D].中国海洋大学,2012.
[162]王瑾.基于射频识别的智能语音导游系统的设计与实现[D].中国科学院研究生院(国家授时中心),2008.
[163]王娟.智能交通系统在九寨沟景区管理中的应用探讨及运营评价[D].西南财经大学,2007.
[164]王军.便携式智能导游终端系统的人性化设计与开发[D].浙江大学,2007.
[165]王亮,曾连荪.基于Android平台智能云导游系统的探索[J].电子设计工程,2012,20(12):21-23.
[166]王美珍,刘学军,吴勇,等.基于可定位视频的电子导游系统[J].测绘通报,2011(2):48-51.
[167]王锐杰,尹怡欣,杜军平,等.图像识别技术在智能导游系统中的应用[J].计算机工程与应用,2008,44(30):33-36.
[168]王涛春,陈军,张学杰,等.基于GPS和PDA的电子导游系统的关键技术[J].计算机应用,2004,24(B12):247-250.
[169]王涛春,齐学梅,赵诚.Dijkstra优化算法及其在电子导游中的应用[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010(06)525-529.
[170]王纤.自然语言生成系统的实现技术分析[J].研究与设计,1997(4)51-54.
[171]王雪坤,贾海天,施连敏.基于nRF4L01和MP3模块的智能导游系统的实现[J].工业控制计算机,2012,25(3):87-88.
[172]邬春明,耿强,刘杰,等.DGPS与UWB混合精确无缝定位技术研究[J].传感器与微系统,2012(3):74-77.
[173]吴义坚.基于隐马尔科夫模型的语音合成技术研究[D],中国科学技术大学,2006.
[174]伍技祥,仲元昌,李彩玲,等.嵌入式数字语音处理实验系统的设计与实现[J].实验室研究与探索,2012(10)：46-49.
[175]肖睿.基于WindowsMobile智能手机的导游系统设计[D].重庆大学,2010.
[176]辛明侠.基于RFID和手机的移动计算技术的应用研究[D].上海交通大学,2006.
[177]许珺.关于线状地理特征空间关系的自然语言描述的形式化表达[J].遥感学报,2007,11(2)：152-158.
[178]薛涛,惠剑,杜军朝,等.基于智能手机的室内外定位技术在物联网中的应用[J].物联网技术,2012,2(4)25-28.
[179]闫浩文,郭仁忠.空间方向关系基础性问题研究[J].测绘学报,2002,31(4)357-360.
[180]闫计云.基于观察者方位的方向关系模型及查询方法研究[D].燕山大学,2010.
[181]闫卫阳,郭庆胜,李圣权.基于加权Voronoi图的城市经济区划分方法探讨[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,37(4)567-571.
[182]杨皓东,江凌,李国俊.国内自然语言处理研究热点分析—基于共词分析[J].图书情报工作,2011(10)：112-117.
[183]杨新庆.基于Android平台的无线旅游导航系统的设计与实现[D].吉林大学,2011.
[184]杨志鹏.导游机器人的设计与实现[D].浙江大学,2010.
[185]姚雪莹.导游业务教学中职业技能培养研究[D].沈阳师范大学,2011.
[186]殷建康.智能语音伴游业务系统的设计与实现[D].北京邮电大学,2011.
[187]余建伟,李清泉.位置感知计算中定位信息的自然语言描述[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009(1)：10-13.
[188]袁敏捷,吕柏权,方培晓.基于AT85C51SND3的智能导游系统的设计[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(35)：29-30.
[189]张建兵.基于网格的空间信息服务关键技术研究[D].中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2006.
[190]张磊,俞建新.基于上下文感知的多模式移动导游系统设计[J].计算 机工程,2007,33(6):271-272.
[191]张琳,王建玺.基于上下文感知的智能导游系统建模研究[J].科技通报,2012,28(4)：153-155.
[192]张凌云,黎巎,刘敏.智慧旅游的基本概念与理论体系[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(5)：66-72.
[193]张伦,蔡立娜.基于ARM9处理器的智能导游仪设计[J].电子元器件应用,2008,10(1)：18-20.
[194]张仕海.乐山旅游景区信息化解决方案[J].物联网技术,2012,2(12)：84-86.
[195]张洋.基于SQLite的数字博物馆导游器的设计与实现[D],华南理工大学,2010.
[196]赵冬青,吕志平,郭靓,等.自适应移动定位技术[J].信息工程大学学报,2005(2)：100-102.
[197]赵媛,赵军.基于移动GIS和智能手机的电子导游系统发展及其关键技术[J].数字技术与应用,2011(8)51-52.
[198]郑文武,邓运员.基于GML和SVG的电子导游系统的设计与实现[J].测绘科学,2009,34(5):207-209.
[199]郑玥,龙毅,明小娜,等.多种空间关系组合的地理位置自然语言描述方法[J].地球信息科学学报,2011(4).465-471.
[200]郑玥.顾及游客运动状态的景区信息自适应播报方法研究[D].南京师范大学,2012.
[201]周洁,赵力,邹采荣.情感语音合成的研究[J].电声技术,2005(10)57-59.
[202]朱俊峰.基于RFID的展馆联网信息系统的开发[D].复旦大学,2008.
[203]邹益民.基于GPS及TTS模块的景区自助语音导游系统设计[J].微型机与应用,2012,31(24)58-60.
[204]http://www.//www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/attarchive/ab.html,The Active Badge System,2002.
[205]http://www.sinovoice.com.cn/product/news.isp?autoid=216,捷通华声语音合成.
[206]http://www.locatacorp.com/technology.html, Locata.
[2]Abdulrasool D, Sabra S. Mobile-embedded smart guide for the blind[C]. Dijon, France:Springer Verlag,2011.571-578.
[3]Ardissono L, Goy A, Petrone G, et al. INTRIGUE:Personalized recommendation of tourist attractions for desktop and hand held devices[J]. Applied Artificial Intelligence,2003,17(8-9):687-714.
[4]Asian I, Xu F, Uszkoreit H, et al. COMPASS2008:Multimodal, multilingual and crosslingual interaction for mobile tourist guide applications[C]. Madonna di Campiglio, Italy:Springer Verlag,2005.3-12.
[5]BARNES, J., RIZOS, C., KANLI, M., PAHWA, A:High accuracy positioning using Locata's next generation technology. Proceedings of ION, 2005.
[6]BARNES, J., RIZOS, C., WANG, J. Locata:the positioning technology of the future? Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Satellite Navigation Technology Including Mobile Positioning &Location Services, Melbourne, Australia July 2003.
[7]BARNES, J., Van CRANENBROECK, J., RIZOS, C., PAHWA, A., POLITI, N:Long Term Performance Analysis of a New Ground-transceiver Positioning Network (LocataNet) for Structural Deformation Monitoring Applications. FIG Working Week 2007, Hong Kong SAR, China,13-17 May 2007.
[8]Barrera E C, Nunez-Vare la A. An animated agent with natural speech as a guide at a tourist web site[C]. Orlando, FL, United states:International Social Science Council, ISSC,2005.245-247.
[9]Cao T, Phan T, Nguyen A. An ontology based approach to data representation and information search in smart tourist guide system[C]. Hanoi, Viet nam: IEEE Computer Society,2011.171-175.
[10]Capkun, S, M. Hamdi, and J. P. Hubaux. GPS-free Positioning in Mobile Ad-Hoc networks. Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences (January 2001),3481-3490.
[11]Cena F, Console L, Gena C, et al. Integrating heterogeneous adaptation techniques to build a flexible and usable mobile tourist guide[J]. AI Communications,2006,19(4):369-384.
[12]Chen R, Chen Y, Pei L, Chen W, Kuusniemi H, Liu J, Leppalkoski H, Takala,J.2009a. A DSP-based multi-sensor multi-network positioning platform[C]. Proc. ION GNSS 2009, Savannah, Georgia, USA,615-621.
[13]Chen R, Chen Wj, Chen X, Zhang X, Chen Y.2010c. Sensing strides using EMG signal for pedestrian navigation[J]. GPS Solutions, DOI: 10.1007/s10291-010-0180-x.
[14]Chen R, Kuusniemi H, Chen Y, Pei L, Chen Wj, Liu J, Leppiikoski H, Takala J.2010b. Multi-Sensor Multi-Network Positioning[J]. GPS World, 21(2):18-27.
[15]Chen R, Kuusniemi H, Hyyppa, Zhang J, Takala J, Kuittinen R, Chen J, Pei L, Liu Z, Zhu L, QinY, Leppiikoski H, Wang J.2010a. Going 3D, Personal Nav and LBS[J]. GPS World,21 (2):14-18.
[16]Chen S, Yuan Y J. Wireless electronic tourist guide system based on microcontroller[C]. Xi'an, China:IEEE Computer Society,2011. IEEE Xi'an Section; IEEE Hong Kong Section; Northwestern Polytechnical University; Xidian University; Xi'an Jiaotong University.
[17]Chen w, Chen Y, Kuusniemi H, Wang J, Fu Z.2010d. An adaptive calibration approach for a 2-axis digital compass in a low-cost pedestrian navigation system[C]. Proc. IEEE 12MTC, Austin, TX, USA,2010,1392-1397.
[18]Chen W, Zhang X.2010e. A novel EMG-based stride length estimation method for pedestriandead reckoning[C]. Proc. ION GNSS 2010, Portland, Oregon, USA.
[19]Chen W, Fu Z, Chen R, Chen Y, Andrei O, Kroger T, Wang J.2009b. An integrated GPS and multi-sensor pedestrian positioning system for 3D urban navigation[C]. Proc. Joint UrbanRemote Sensing Event 2009, Shanghai, China,1-6.
[20]Chen X, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Yang J, Lantz V, Wang K.2007. Hand gesture recognition research based on surface EMG sensors and 2D-accelerometers[C]. Proc.1 lth IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers, Boston MA, USA,11-14.
[21]Chen Y, Chen R, Pei L, Kroeger T, Chen Wj, Kuusniemi H, Liu J.2010f Knowledge-based error detection and correction method of a multi-sensor multi-network positioning platform forpedestrian indoor navigation[C]. Proc. IEEE/ION Position, Location and Navigation Symposium (PLANS) 2010, Indian Wells, CA, USA.
[22]Cheverst K, Davies N, Mitchell K, et al. developing a context-aware electronic tourist guide:some issues and experiences[C]. The Hague, Neth: ACM,2000.17-24.
[23]Cheverst K, Davies N, Mitchell K, et al. Experiences of developing and deploying a context-aware tourist guide:The guide project[C]. Boston, MA, USA:ACM,2000.20-31.
[24]Cheverst K, Mitchell K, Davies N. Design of an object model for a context sensitive tourist guide[J]. Computers and Graphics (Pergamon),1999,23(6): 883-891.
[25]Curran K, Smith K. A location based wireless tourist guide[C]. Las Vegas, NV, United States:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,2006.813-817.
[26]Dai M, Zhou D, Shi B, et al. Research on virtual tourist guide training system based on virtual reality technology[C]. Wuhan, China:IEEE Computer Society,2010.155-158.
[27]Diez-Diaz F, Gonzalez-Rodriguez M, Vidau A. An accesible and collaborative tourist guide based on augmented reality and mobile devices[C]. Beijing, China:Springer Verlag,2007.353-362.
[28]Egenhofer M J. Multimodal spatial querying. In:Proceedings of Seventh International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling. London:Taylor & Francis.1996,785-799.
[29]El Choubassi M, Nestares O, Wu Y, et al. An augmented reality tourist guide on your mobile devices[C]. Chongqing, China:Springer Verlag,2009. 588-602.
[30]Elias B. Extracting landmarks with data mining methods[M], in Spatial information theory. Springer,2003:1-15.
[31]Evjemo B, Akselsen S, Schurmann A. User acceptance of digital tourist guides lessons learnt from two field studies[C]. Beijing, China:Springer Verlag,2007.746-755.
[32]FUKUJU, Y, MINAMI, M., MORKAWA, H., AOYAMA, T:DOLPHIN: An Autonomous Indoor Positioning System in Ubiquitous Computing Environment, Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Software Technologies for Future Embedded Systems,2003.
[33]Gael C, Da Rugna J, Cousin S. Smart travel guide:From internet image database to intelligent system[C]. San Francisco, CA, United states:SPIE, 2011. The Society for Imaging Science and Technology (IS and T); The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE).
[34]Geer D. The E911 dilemma[J], Wireless Business and Technology,2001, November/December.
[35]Gretzel U. Intelligent System in Tourism[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2011,38(3):757-779.
[36]HAZAS, M., HOPPER, A:A Novel Broadband Ultrasonic Location System for Improved Indoor Positioning, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING, VOL.5, NO.5, MAY 2006.
[37]HEIN, G., RODRIGUEZ, J., WALLNER, T., EISSFELLER, B., HARTL, P: Envisioning a future GNSS system of systems-part 2. Inside GNSS 2(2)64-72,2007.
[38]Ieong T W H A, Lam T H W, Lee A C M, et al. iJADE Tourist Guide-A mobile location-awareness agent-based system for tourist guiding[C]. Melbourne, Australia:Springer Verlag,2005.671-677.
[39]J, Caffery and G, Stuber. Overview of Radio Location in CDMA cellular Systems. IEEE Communication Magazine, April 1998,3630-37.
[40]J. Reed, K. Krizman, B.Woerner, and T.S.Rappaport, Am overview of the challenges and progress in meeting the E-911 requirement for location service, IEEE Commumication Magazine, April 1998,36:30-37.
[41]J.Caffery, Wireless Location in CDMA Cellular Radio Systems,Kluwer Academic Pubishers,2001.
[42]J.Caffery. Wireless Location in CDMA cellular Systems, Kluwer Academic Pubishers, Boston,1999.
[43]Jiao J, Lin H. Intelligent guide system based on the internet of things[C]. Enshi, China:Springer Verlag,2011.627-631.
[44]KENNEDY, S., HAMILTON, J., MARTELL, H:Architecture and System Performance of SPAN-NovAtel's GPS/INS Solution, Proceedings of IEEE/ION PLANS 2006, San Diego, USA, April 23-25,2006.
[45]Kenteris M, Gavalas D, Economou D. Developing tourist guide applications for mobile devices using the J2ME platform[C]. Amman, Jordan:Inst. of Elec. and Elec. Eng. Computer Society,2006.178-183.
[46]Kenteris M, Gavalas D, and Economou D. Mytilene E-guide:A multiplatform mobile application tourist guide exemplar[J]. Multimedia Tools and Applications,2011,54(2):241-262.
[47]Kenteris M, Gavalas D, Pantziou G, et al. Near-optimal personalized daily itineraries for a mobile tourist guide[C]. Riccione, Italy:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.,2010.862-864.
[48]KRAUTSCHNEIDER, R:Untersuchungen zur Leistungsfahirkeit des Messystems Indoor GPS. Diploma Thesis at the University of Applied Sciences Karlsruhe,2006.
[49]LACHAPELLE, G.:GNSS Indoor Location Technologies. J. of Global Positioning Systems 3(1-2), p.2-11,2004.
[50]Lam T H W, Lee R S T. iJADE FreeWalker:An ontology-based tourist guiding system[C]. Bournemouth, United Kingdom:Springer Verlag,2006. 644-651.
[51]Laporte L, Eyckerman P, Zaman B. Designing a mobile task based UI for tourists[C]. Bonn, Germany:Association for Computing Machinery,2009. Nokia; Telekom; RIM.
[52]Li J, Wu Q, Li X, et al. Context-based personalized moblie tourist guide[C]. Shanghai, China:IEEE Computer Society,2009.607-611.
[53]LINDE, H.:On Aspects of Indoor Localization, PhD-Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Dortmund,2006.
[54]Liu H, Chen J, Guo M. The construction and study in online class of the Tourist Guide Base[C]. Changsha, China:IEEE Computer Society,2010. 726-730.
[55]Manoufali M, Aladwani A, Alseraidy S, et al. Smart guide for blind people[C]. Dubai, United arab emirates:IEEE Computer Society,2011. 61-63.
[56]Meng J, Xu N. A mobile tourist guide system based on mashup technology[C]. Hangzhou, China:IEEE Computer Society,2010.1716-1719.
[57]MINAMI, M., FUKUJU, Y, HIRASAWA, K., YOKOYAMA, S., MizUmachi, M., MORIKAWA, H., AOYAMA, T:DOLPHIN:A Practical Approach for Implementing a Fully Distributed Indoor Ultrasonic Positioning System. Ubicomp 2004:347-365.
[58]Modsching M, Kramer R, Ten Hagen K, et al. Effectiveness of mobile recommender systems for tourist destinations:A user evaluation[C]. Stanford, CA, United states:American Association for Artificial Intelligence,2007. 88-89.
[59]P. Deng, P.Z.Fan. An AOA Assisted TOA Positioning SYSTEM.2000 Int.. Conf. on Communication Technology (ICCT2000), Beijing, China, Aug. 21-25,2000,2:1501-1504.
[60]P.Deng, P.Z.Fan, An Efficient Position-Based Dynamic Location Algorithm, 2000 Int.Workshop on Autonomous Decentralized System, Chengdu, PRC, Sept.21-23,2000,36-39.
[61]Park D, Hwang S, Kim A, et al. A context-aware smart tourist guide application for an old palace[C]. Gyongju, Korea, Republic of:Inst. of Elec. and Elec. Eng. Computer Society,2007.89-94.
[62]Pires Jr. W R, Loureiro A A F, Oliveira R A R. Using Web technologies in assessment of context-aware pervasive/ubiquitous systems:A tourist guide service[C]. Niagara Falls, ON, Canada:IEEE Computer Society,2010. 691-698.
[63]PRIYANTHA, N. B:The Cricket Indoor Location System, PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, p.199,2005.
[64]Rainer Mautz, Combination of Indoor and Outdoor Positioning,1st International Conference on Machine Control & Guidance, ETH Zurich, Switzerland,2008.
[65]Saarinen, J. A sensor-based personal navigation system and its application for incorporating humans into a human-robot team[D]:[Ph.D.]. Finland: Helsinki University of Technology,2009.
[66]Schilit B, LaMarca A, Boriello G, Griswold W, McDonald D, Lazowska E, Balachandran A, Hong J, Iverson V. Ubiquitous location-aware computing and the'PlaceLab' Initiative[J], In 1st ACM International workshop on Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN Hotspots, San Diego, CA, September 2003.
[67]Sharda N L. Tourism Informatics:Visual Travel Recommender System, Social Communities and User Interface Design[M]. New York:Yurchak Printing Inc,2009.2-5.
[68]Sharma S, Agrawal A. IMTS-An interactive multimodal tourist-guide system[C]. Chennai, India:IEEE Computer Society,2010.233-238.
[69]Souffriau W, Vansteenwegen P, Vertommen J, et al. A personalized tourist trip design algorithm for mobile tourist guides[J]. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2008,22(10):964-985.
[70]STONE, W. C., Electro magnetic Signal Attenuation in Construction Materials, NIST Report 6055, National Institute of Standards,1997, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
[71]Suzuki K, Wakabayashi Y. Cultural differences of spatial descriptions in tourist guidebooks[C]. Frauenchiemsee, Germany:Springer Verlag,2005. 147-164.
[72]Ten Hagen K, Modsching M, Kramer R. A location aware mobile tourist guide selecting and interpreting sights and services by context matching[C]. San Diego, CA, United states:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society,2005.293-301.
[73]Wang X, et al. A Study on How Humans Describe Relative Positions of Image Objects[C]. Headway in Spatial Data Handling, Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography,2008,1-18.
[74]Yang L, Zhang R, Sun H, et al. A tourist itinerary planning approach based on ant colony algorithm[C]. Harbin, China:Springer Verlag,2012.399-404.
[75]Zandbergen P A. Accuracy of iPhone Locations:A Comparison of Assisted GPS, WiFi and Cellular Positioning[J]. Transactions in GIS,2009,13:5-25.
[76]Zhang H, Chen Y. Research on design and compilation of "the tourist atlas of Shanxi province"[C]. Shanghai, China:IEEE Computer Society,2009. 263-266.
[77]Zhang ling, Long yi, Chen Yue, et al. The construction of CNL rules in mobile GIS. In Geoinformatics 2008 and Joint Conference on GIS and Built Environment:Geo-Simulation and Virtual GIS Environments[C]. Proc. of SPIE,2008,7143:71430H-1-8.
[78]Zhang M, Yang Q. The forecasting upon demand for tourist guides based on BP neural network[C]. Guilin, China:IEEE Computer Society,2010. 641-643.
[79]安文魁.基于无线传感器网络的智能电子导游系统[D].西安电子科技大学,2006.
[80]白帆,张福浩.多目标缓冲区生成算法[J].全球定位系统,2011(1)：38-41.
[81]白凯.旅游网络交易中的顾客关系管理[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(9)5-6.
[82]卜华,刘运,孙越,等.基于Cortex-M3的智能导游小车的设计[J].软件工程师,2012(12)：50-51.
[83]陈美君,胡小猛.现代旅游信息管理系统(TIMS)的构建[J].旅游科学,2004(4):68-72.
[84]陈伟.基于GPS和自包含传感器的行人室内外无缝定位算法研究[D],中国科学技术大学,2010.
[85]陈文广,董士海,岳玮宁,等.手持移动计算中的人机交互技术研究[J].计算机应用,2005,25(10):2219-2223.
[86]陈习权,王汝笠,潘中明,等.基于红外信标网络的无线智能导游系统的设计[J].红外,2007,28(12):25-29.
[87]陈玉敏.大区域分布式多级道路网的最优路径算法与服务研究[D].武汉大学,2005.
[88]邓健志,程小辉.基于超高频RFID的音视频溶洞电子导游系统设计[J].电视技术,2012,36(19)：89-91.
[89]邓平,李莉,范平志.一种TDOA/AOA混合定位算法及其性能分析[J].电波科学学报,2002.
[90]邓平.蜂窝网络移动台定位技术研究[D],西南交通大学,2002.
[91]杜长海.计算智能及其在城市交通诱导系统中的应用研究[D].重庆大学,2009.
[92]杜艳冰.基于GPS定位的校园电子导游系统设计与实现[D].北京林业大学,2011.
[93]范平志、邓平、刘林.蜂窝网无线定位(M).北京,电子工业出版社,2002：12.
[94]方志刚,王军,汤益军.导游系统的发展及其人性化趋势[J].人类工效学,2008,14(2).48-50.
[95]冯哲,孙吉贵,张长胜,等.汉语语音合成的研究进展[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2007,25(2)：198-206.
[96]付欣玮,李俊逸,尹程斌,等.基于单片机的GPS智能导游机系统设计与实现[J].微计算机信息,2012,28(2)53-55.
[97]龚咏喜,刘瑜,邬伦等.基于带权Voronoi图与地标的空间位置描述[J].地 理与地理信息科学,2010,26(4):21-26.
[98]龚玉明.谈旅游信息在经济决策中的地位及其开发利用[J].旅游学刊,1994(1):31-34.
[99]郭建忠,欧阳,魏海平,等.基于文件与基于数据库的格网索引[J].测绘学院学报,2002(3):220-223.
[100]郭仁忠.空间分析[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001.
[101]郭秀华,李磊.基于STC89S52的自助无线导游系统设计[J].工业控制计算机,2012,25(8)：130-131.
[102]顾宗海.基于RSSI测距的室内定位算法研究[D].郑州大学,2011.
[103]韩纪庆,邵艳秋.基于语音信号的情感处理研究进展[J].电声技术,2006(5)58-62.
[104]郝志凯,王硕,谭民.基于优化策略的混合定位算法[J].自动化学报.2010,36(5):711-719.
[105]何丰,徐琪.基于Web的虚拟现实导游系统的设计与实现[J].宁夏大学学报：自然科学版,2005,26(4):329-331.
[106]胡军国,孙毅,祁亨年.在嵌入式系统中求解无约束的现实TSP问题[J].计算机工程与应用,2008,44(6):225-227.
[107]胡雷地.基于汉语语音的智能导游服务系统设计与实现[D].南京师范大学,2009.
[108]贾文杰,孙志锋.基于Android平台的智能导游系统[J].机电工程,2011,28(10)：1257-1259.
[109]蒋增文.基于无线传感网的电子导游系统研究与实现[D].东华大学,2011.
[110]焦金涛,林宏基.物联网智能导游系统设计与实现[J].重庆理工大学学报：自然科学,2012,26(8)98-100.
[111]景昕蒂,王方雄.大连市旅游电子地图的设计与开发[J].地理空间信息,2011(1)：128-130.
[112]李昌贵.基于网格的网络导航服务关键技术研究[D].信息工程大学,2011.
[113]李宏.论信息技术在旅游业中的应用[J].北京第二外国语学院学报,2003(4)：17-23.
[114]李娟娟,张金艺,张秉煜,等.蓝牙4.0标准规范下的模糊指纹定位算法[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2013,19(2)：126-131.
[115]李君轶,张柳,孙九林,等.旅游信息科学：一个研究框架[J].旅游 学刊,2011(6):72-79.
[116]李诺夫.矢量基础地理数据质量控制方法研究[J].国土资源信息化,2011(2):29-32.
[117]李入元,张延军,王志安,等.旅游云讲解管理系统的实现[J].电子商务,2012(1):36-37.
[118]李孝辉,刘娅,张丽荣.超宽带室内定位系统[J],测控技术,2006(3)：47-49.
[119]梁尧忠,罗振雄.国际旅游信息化研究[J].旅游学刊,2012(9)4-5.
[120]林坚立,董金明.基于EP7312和μC/OS-Ⅱ智能导游讲解系统[J].电子测量技术,2004(6).45-46.
[121]刘超,仇润鹤.基于ET系列芯片的嵌入式多媒体导游系统的设计与实现[J].电子技术应用,2006,32(4)56-58.
[122]刘庆亮.基于WinCE的GPS手机导游系统的研究[D].中南大学,2010.
[123]刘绍华,路紫.浅议旅游目的地营销系统的区域整合功能—以大连旅游网为例[J].旅游学刊,2004(2)：84-88.
[124]刘涛.浅谈智能导游中上下文感知计算的应用与研究[J].电脑知识与技术,2010,6(12)3222-3223.
[125]刘峪瑄,余成波,熊飞,等.电子导游机精确定位算法研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2011(07)：2562-2565.
[126]刘振波,方志刚,徐洁.改进的蚁群算法在智能导游系统路径优化中的应用[J].江南大学学报：自然科学版,2008,7(5)561-563.
[127]刘振波,方志刚,徐洁.智能导游系统最短路径的遗传算法实现[J].计算机工程与应用,2008,44(30)：217-218.
[128]柳军.混合定位导航研究[D].同济大学电子与信息工程学院,2007.
[129]罗静.GPS导航数据的组织与应用研究[D].国防科学技术大学,2005.
[130]罗月童,孙静,陈韬.虚拟导游的行为模型研究[J].工程图学学报,2011,32(5)35-39.
[131]马洪连,刘红日,丁男.多功能便携式旅游导航系统的设计与开发[J].仪器仪表学报,2007,28(4)：150-152.
[132]马荟,於志文,樊祥超,等.一种采用UWB定位系统进行行为识别的方法[J].计算机工程与应用,2012,48(14)：208-213.
[133]马江山.交通网络限制条件下的最短路问题研究[D].东南大学,2009.
[134]茆长荣.旅游电子地图功能与内容的探讨--以合肥为例[J].合肥学院学报：自然科学版,2006,16(4):86-89.
[135]明小娜.基于扩展有限状态机模型的GIS人机对话模式设计与应用 [D].南京师范大学,2011.
[136]聂雷刚,李咏梅,余元辉.基于聚类分析算法的智能旅游规划[J].电脑开发与应用,2012,25(2):28-30.
[137]牛司朋,王珏,刘增刚,等.景区智能导游系统中语音解说技术分析研究[J].电脑编程技巧与维护,2009(8):88-90.
[138]彭艳.基于嵌入式数据库SQLite的智能导游系统[J].计算机系统应用,2011,20(4):254-256.
[139]戚铭尧,李家齐.面向物流的空间信息服务研究[Z].昆明：2006.
[140]齐勇.导游机器人硬件系统设计与最优路径规划[D].中国海洋大学,2006.
[141]钱程扬,龙毅,徐震,等.基于Web文本的开放式空间信息查询[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2010,35(1):83-87.
[142]钱国明,徐飞.基于RK2706的RFID智能导游系统设计[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2011,11(7)"52-54.
[143]屈春华.基于RFID的智能语音导游系统的研究与实现[D].北京交通大学,2011.
[144]屈维,陶世胜.旅游业网上电子地图导游系统框架构想[J].地图,2000(2)：1-3.
[145]芮建勋.旅游信息与电子商务实验室架构研究[J].旅游科学,2007(1)：63-68.
[146]施竟成,方志刚,汤益军.便携式智能导游系统的设计与实现[J].计算机工程,2010(3):269-271.
[147]施连敏,陈志峰,贾海天.基于PTR2000的电子导游系统的设计与实现[J].电子技术应用,2011,37(11)：137-139.
[148]苏凯,曹元,李俊,等.基于UWB和DGPS的混合定位方法研究[J].计算机应用与软件,2010(5):212-215.
[149]孙爱萍,王金英.计算机语音合成系统的研究与应用.电声技术,2009,33(6):48-51.
[150]孙柏.蜂窝网络中基于TDOA的定位算法研究[D].湖南师范大学,2007.
[151]孙杰贤.新加坡“iN2015”计划完全解读[J].通讯世界,2007(7)50-53.
[152]孙静.虚拟旅游场景中虚拟导游行为模型研究[D].合肥工业大学,2009.
[153]覃建雄.旅游电子商务研究进展与前瞻[J].成都理工大学学报(社会科学版),2004(1)：66-70.
[154]汤国安,刘学军,闾国年等,地理信息系统教程[M],北京：高等教育 出版社,2007.
[155]汤益军,徐洁,方志刚.基于普适计算的智能GPS导游系统研究[J].计算机系统应用,2007(4):83-85.
[156]唐建雄.基于WebGIS的西湖景区导游系统开发[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,28(15)3803-3804.
[157]陶齐齐,陈韦松,施连敏.基于ZigBee技术的电子导游系统的实现[J].技术与市场,2012(8).4-5.
[158]田雷,郭同强,冀寿存,等.基于位置相关的旅游信息主动推送服务系统[J].计算机应用,2009(12)3453-3457.
[159]田世君,高灵敏度GPS定位及组合导航技术研究[D],电子科技大学,2009.
[160]仝晓萌,叶文华.基于ZigBee和uCOS-Ⅱ的智能导游车[J].微计算机信息,2011,27(5)93-94.
[161]屠晓东.基于UWB信号的多基站与单基站定位算法的研究与性能分析[D].中国海洋大学,2012.
[162]王瑾.基于射频识别的智能语音导游系统的设计与实现[D].中国科学院研究生院(国家授时中心),2008.
[163]王娟.智能交通系统在九寨沟景区管理中的应用探讨及运营评价[D].西南财经大学,2007.
[164]王军.便携式智能导游终端系统的人性化设计与开发[D].浙江大学,2007.
[165]王亮,曾连荪.基于Android平台智能云导游系统的探索[J].电子设计工程,2012,20(12):21-23.
[166]王美珍,刘学军,吴勇,等.基于可定位视频的电子导游系统[J].测绘通报,2011(2):48-51.
[167]王锐杰,尹怡欣,杜军平,等.图像识别技术在智能导游系统中的应用[J].计算机工程与应用,2008,44(30):33-36.
[168]王涛春,陈军,张学杰,等.基于GPS和PDA的电子导游系统的关键技术[J].计算机应用,2004,24(B12):247-250.
[169]王涛春,齐学梅,赵诚.Dijkstra优化算法及其在电子导游中的应用[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010(06)525-529.
[170]王纤.自然语言生成系统的实现技术分析[J].研究与设计,1997(4)51-54.
[171]王雪坤,贾海天,施连敏.基于nRF4L01和MP3模块的智能导游系统的实现[J].工业控制计算机,2012,25(3):87-88.
[172]邬春明,耿强,刘杰,等.DGPS与UWB混合精确无缝定位技术研究[J].传感器与微系统,2012(3):74-77.
[173]吴义坚.基于隐马尔科夫模型的语音合成技术研究[D],中国科学技术大学,2006.
[174]伍技祥,仲元昌,李彩玲,等.嵌入式数字语音处理实验系统的设计与实现[J].实验室研究与探索,2012(10)：46-49.
[175]肖睿.基于WindowsMobile智能手机的导游系统设计[D].重庆大学,2010.
[176]辛明侠.基于RFID和手机的移动计算技术的应用研究[D].上海交通大学,2006.
[177]许珺.关于线状地理特征空间关系的自然语言描述的形式化表达[J].遥感学报,2007,11(2)：152-158.
[178]薛涛,惠剑,杜军朝,等.基于智能手机的室内外定位技术在物联网中的应用[J].物联网技术,2012,2(4)25-28.
[179]闫浩文,郭仁忠.空间方向关系基础性问题研究[J].测绘学报,2002,31(4)357-360.
[180]闫计云.基于观察者方位的方向关系模型及查询方法研究[D].燕山大学,2010.
[181]闫卫阳,郭庆胜,李圣权.基于加权Voronoi图的城市经济区划分方法探讨[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,37(4)567-571.
[182]杨皓东,江凌,李国俊.国内自然语言处理研究热点分析—基于共词分析[J].图书情报工作,2011(10)：112-117.
[183]杨新庆.基于Android平台的无线旅游导航系统的设计与实现[D].吉林大学,2011.
[184]杨志鹏.导游机器人的设计与实现[D].浙江大学,2010.
[185]姚雪莹.导游业务教学中职业技能培养研究[D].沈阳师范大学,2011.
[186]殷建康.智能语音伴游业务系统的设计与实现[D].北京邮电大学,2011.
[187]余建伟,李清泉.位置感知计算中定位信息的自然语言描述[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009(1)：10-13.
[188]袁敏捷,吕柏权,方培晓.基于AT85C51SND3的智能导游系统的设计[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(35)：29-30.
[189]张建兵.基于网格的空间信息服务关键技术研究[D].中国科学院遥感应用研究所,2006.
[190]张磊,俞建新.基于上下文感知的多模式移动导游系统设计[J].计算 机工程,2007,33(6):271-272.
[191]张琳,王建玺.基于上下文感知的智能导游系统建模研究[J].科技通报,2012,28(4)：153-155.
[192]张凌云,黎巎,刘敏.智慧旅游的基本概念与理论体系[J].旅游学刊,2012,27(5)：66-72.
[193]张伦,蔡立娜.基于ARM9处理器的智能导游仪设计[J].电子元器件应用,2008,10(1)：18-20.
[194]张仕海.乐山旅游景区信息化解决方案[J].物联网技术,2012,2(12)：84-86.
[195]张洋.基于SQLite的数字博物馆导游器的设计与实现[D],华南理工大学,2010.
[196]赵冬青,吕志平,郭靓,等.自适应移动定位技术[J].信息工程大学学报,2005(2)：100-102.
[197]赵媛,赵军.基于移动GIS和智能手机的电子导游系统发展及其关键技术[J].数字技术与应用,2011(8)51-52.
[198]郑文武,邓运员.基于GML和SVG的电子导游系统的设计与实现[J].测绘科学,2009,34(5):207-209.
[199]郑玥,龙毅,明小娜,等.多种空间关系组合的地理位置自然语言描述方法[J].地球信息科学学报,2011(4).465-471.
[200]郑玥.顾及游客运动状态的景区信息自适应播报方法研究[D].南京师范大学,2012.
[201]周洁,赵力,邹采荣.情感语音合成的研究[J].电声技术,2005(10)57-59.
[202]朱俊峰.基于RFID的展馆联网信息系统的开发[D].复旦大学,2008.
[203]邹益民.基于GPS及TTS模块的景区自助语音导游系统设计[J].微型机与应用,2012,31(24)58-60.
[204]http://www.//www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/attarchive/ab.html,The Active Badge System,2002.
[205]http://www.sinovoice.com.cn/product/news.isp?autoid=216,捷通华声语音合成.
[206]http://www.locatacorp.com/technology.html, Locata.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |