无线传感器网络节点定位算法的研究
|
摘要
基于非测距的定位算法是无线传感器网络节点定位算法的研究热点之一,目前关于非测距的DV-Hop算法的理论和现实研究主要存在两个问题:国内外虽有很多学者对该算法进行了相关改进,但从整体上考虑效率都不太理想;人们对DV-Hop算法的改进基本集中在二维空间,而现实应用都在三维空间中。因此,为了使DV-Hop算法及其改进算法的应用更为广泛,在不断提高算法性能外,还需要将这些二维算法扩展到三维空间,再将其应用于实际生活中。
本文在阅读大量参考文献的基础上,利用多种定位优化方法和参与定位的信标节点有效性的判别方法,围绕怎样提高节点定位算法的定位精度和覆盖率,主要做了如下的研究工作:
(1)从无线传感器网络的定位技术入手,对节点间的测距技术和定位计算方法的优缺点和适应情况进行分析,总结出节点定位算法的性能评价标准,为定位算法的精度改进和性能评价作了准备工作。
(2)对DV-Hop算法的定位过程、网络生存力、定位精度、以及各向异性稀疏网络中的各项性能指标进行仔细研究。通过分析各种DV-Hop改进算法的优缺点,引入限定跳数、共线性判断、归一化加权、总体最小二乘等方法对定位的各个阶段进行改进和优化,提出了一种二维DV-Hop改进算法,并通过实验仿真验证该算法的正确性和高效性。
(3)将DV-Hop算法扩展到三维空间,提出一种新型的基于移动信标的三维DV-Hop算法。通过引入移动代理技术计算信标节点的最小跳数,减少网络的数据流量;按信标节点的数量分情况利用平移坐标法、画圆法或总体最小二乘法来定位未知节点坐标,提高定位的覆盖率,并通过仿真实验来验证该算法的有效性和实用性。
The based on the range-free positioning algorithm is one of the research focuses in the node localization algorithm of the wireless sensor network. There mainly have two problems in the theory and practical research of the range-free DV-Hop algorithm at present. Many scholars at home and abroad have been proposed some related improved algorithms, but from the whole consideration those algorithms are not very satisfactory. The improvements of the DV-Hop algorithms are in two-dimensional space basically, but the real applications are concentrated in three-dimensional space. So in order to make the applications of the DV-Hop algorithm and its improvement algorithms is more extensive, not only improve these algorithms performance constantly, but also need extend these two-dimensional algorithms to three-dimensional space, and then apply it to real life.
On the basis of reading a lot of reference, this paper using a variety of positioning optimization methods and the judgmental methods of the beacon nodes’validity, focus on how to improve the positioning accuracy and coverage of the node localization algorithm, the main studies of this paper are as follows.
Firstly, start from the positioning technology of the wireless sensor network, analyzing the advantages, disadvantages and adaptation of the technology for the distance between nodes and the position calculation methods, and summed up the performance evaluation criteria of the node positioning algorithm, made a preparation in the positioning algorithm’s accuracy improving and performance evaluating.
Secondly, studying the positioning process, the network survival, the positioning accuracy of the DV-Hop algorithm, and the performance indicators in the anisotropic sparse network, analyzing the degree of the DV-Hop improved algorithms' pros and cons in theoretical, introducing the limited number of the hops, collinearity judgments, normalized weighting, total least squares and other methods to improving and optimizing the various stages of positioning, proposed an improving DV-Hop algorithm in two-dimensional, and through the simulation experiments to verify the correctness and efficiency of this algorithm.
Lastly,extending the DV-Hop algorithm to three-dimensional space, proposed a new three-dimensional DV-Hop algorithm based mobile beacon. In order to reduce the network traffic, introducing the mobile agent technology to calculate the minimum hops of the beacon node. Using the translation coordinate method, draw circle method, and total least squares to locate the unknown nodes' coordinates according to the number of the beacon nodes, to improve the coverage. And verified the effectiveness and practicality of this algorithm by the simulation experiments.
本文在阅读大量参考文献的基础上,利用多种定位优化方法和参与定位的信标节点有效性的判别方法,围绕怎样提高节点定位算法的定位精度和覆盖率,主要做了如下的研究工作:
(1)从无线传感器网络的定位技术入手,对节点间的测距技术和定位计算方法的优缺点和适应情况进行分析,总结出节点定位算法的性能评价标准,为定位算法的精度改进和性能评价作了准备工作。
(2)对DV-Hop算法的定位过程、网络生存力、定位精度、以及各向异性稀疏网络中的各项性能指标进行仔细研究。通过分析各种DV-Hop改进算法的优缺点,引入限定跳数、共线性判断、归一化加权、总体最小二乘等方法对定位的各个阶段进行改进和优化,提出了一种二维DV-Hop改进算法,并通过实验仿真验证该算法的正确性和高效性。
(3)将DV-Hop算法扩展到三维空间,提出一种新型的基于移动信标的三维DV-Hop算法。通过引入移动代理技术计算信标节点的最小跳数,减少网络的数据流量;按信标节点的数量分情况利用平移坐标法、画圆法或总体最小二乘法来定位未知节点坐标,提高定位的覆盖率,并通过仿真实验来验证该算法的有效性和实用性。
The based on the range-free positioning algorithm is one of the research focuses in the node localization algorithm of the wireless sensor network. There mainly have two problems in the theory and practical research of the range-free DV-Hop algorithm at present. Many scholars at home and abroad have been proposed some related improved algorithms, but from the whole consideration those algorithms are not very satisfactory. The improvements of the DV-Hop algorithms are in two-dimensional space basically, but the real applications are concentrated in three-dimensional space. So in order to make the applications of the DV-Hop algorithm and its improvement algorithms is more extensive, not only improve these algorithms performance constantly, but also need extend these two-dimensional algorithms to three-dimensional space, and then apply it to real life.
On the basis of reading a lot of reference, this paper using a variety of positioning optimization methods and the judgmental methods of the beacon nodes’validity, focus on how to improve the positioning accuracy and coverage of the node localization algorithm, the main studies of this paper are as follows.
Firstly, start from the positioning technology of the wireless sensor network, analyzing the advantages, disadvantages and adaptation of the technology for the distance between nodes and the position calculation methods, and summed up the performance evaluation criteria of the node positioning algorithm, made a preparation in the positioning algorithm’s accuracy improving and performance evaluating.
Secondly, studying the positioning process, the network survival, the positioning accuracy of the DV-Hop algorithm, and the performance indicators in the anisotropic sparse network, analyzing the degree of the DV-Hop improved algorithms' pros and cons in theoretical, introducing the limited number of the hops, collinearity judgments, normalized weighting, total least squares and other methods to improving and optimizing the various stages of positioning, proposed an improving DV-Hop algorithm in two-dimensional, and through the simulation experiments to verify the correctness and efficiency of this algorithm.
Lastly,extending the DV-Hop algorithm to three-dimensional space, proposed a new three-dimensional DV-Hop algorithm based mobile beacon. In order to reduce the network traffic, introducing the mobile agent technology to calculate the minimum hops of the beacon node. Using the translation coordinate method, draw circle method, and total least squares to locate the unknown nodes' coordinates according to the number of the beacon nodes, to improve the coverage. And verified the effectiveness and practicality of this algorithm by the simulation experiments.
引文
[1]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,等.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005,5-13
[2]Chee-yee,Srikanta P. Kumar. Sensor Networks: Evolution,Opporunities, and Challenges[J]. Proceeding of the IEEE, 2003,91(8):1247-1256
[3]Caruso Antonio, Chessa Stefano, De Swades,et al.GPS free coordinate assignment and routing in wireless sensor networks[J].In:IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM2005),2005,15(6):150 -160
[4]李善仓,张克旺.无线传感器网络原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008,56-67
[5]Joseph Polastre,Robert Szewczyk,Alan Mainwaring,et al.Analysis of wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring[J].Wireless Sensor Networks, 2004,1(18):399-423
[6]Zhen Hu,Dongbing Gu,Zhengxun Song,et al.Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Using a Mobile Anchor Node[J].Computer society IEEE, 2008,26(7):602-607
[7]Vieira M.A.M.,Coelho C.N.,Jr da Silva.Survey on wireless sensor network devices[J].Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation 2003.Proceeding ETFA 03 IEEE Conference 2003,1(1):537-544
[8]王德华.无线传感器网络非测距三维定位算法的研究[D].山东:山东大学,2010
[9]Li Luanyuan, Liu Chunlin.A Qos multicast routing protocol for ad-hoc networks[J].IEEE ITCC,2005,1(4):609-614
[10]侯守峰,周小佳,闫斌.无线传感器网络中移动节点定位算法研究[J].小型微型计算机系统,2011,32(6):1082-1084
[11]Pathirana P. N. Location Based Power Control for Energy Critical Sensors in a Disconnected Network[J].2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics,2006,16(18):653-658
[12]Yanchao Z.,Wei L.,Wenjing L.,et al.Location-based compromise-tolerant security mechanisms for wireless sensor networks[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2006,24(2):247-260
[13]刘志宏,马建峰,黄启萍.基于区域的无线传感器网络密钥管理[J].计算机学报,2006,29(09):1608-1616
[14]Das S. M.,Pucha H.,Hu Y. C..Performance comparison of scalable location services for geographic ad hoc routing[J].INFOCOM 2005, 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 2005,2(1):1228-1239
[15]Sundar S.,Sanjay S. Geographic routing with limited information in sensor networks.Infromation Processing in Sensor Networks[J].?IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2010,56(09):4506-4519
[16]侯惠峰,刘湘雯,于宏毅,等.一种基于地理位置信息的无线传感器网络最小能耗路由算法[J].电子与信息学报,2007,29(01):177-181
[17]Bo Hong,Viktor K.Maximum life time data sensing and extraction in energy Constrained networked sensor systems[J].Journal of parallel and Distributed Computing,2006,66(4):566-577
[18]李丰,霍玮,冯晓兵.面向无线传感器网络应用的自适应调试方法[J].计算机学报,2011,34(7):1195-1213
[19]王殊,阎毓杰,胡富平,等.无线传感器网络的理论及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007,144-148
[20]Tubaishat M,Madria S.Sensor Networks:An Overview[J].IEEE Potentials, 2003,22(2):20-23
[21]P. Bahl,V. Padmanabhan.RADAR: An In-Building RF-Based User Location and Tracking System[C].? INFOCOM 2000. Nineteenth Annual JointConference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies,2000, 2(1):775-784
[22]ChiYin Chow,Mokbel M.F.,Tian He.A Privacy-Preserving Location Monitoring System for Wireless Sensor Networks[J].?IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2011,10(1):94-107
[23]Hyochang Ahn,Sang-Burm Rhee.Simulation of a RSSI-Based Indoor Localization System Using Wireless Sensor Network[C].2010 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Technologies and Applications(CUTE),2010,12(16):1-4
[24]孟文超,俞立,董齐芬,等.基于最优信标组的扩展卡尔曼节点算法[J].传感技术学报,2011,24(4):581-586
[25]Myint T.Z. ,Lynn N. ,Ohtsuki T..Range-free localization algorithm using local expected hop length in wireless sensor network[C].?2010 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2010,10(26):356-361
[26]朱剑,赵海,徐久强,等.无线传感器网络中的定位模型[J].软件学报,2011,22(7):1612-1625
[27]李亚男,冯燕,贾应彪.基于无线传感器网络的声音目标定位算法[J].传感技术学报,2011,24(5):724-728
[28]李东岳,王英龙,刘颖慧,等.基于运动向量的无线传感器网络节点定位[J].计算机工程,2010,36(23):92-94
[29]李晓维,徐勇军,任丰原.无线传感器网络技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2007,1-23
[30]Xuewen He,Yong Xiao. Study on 3D node location algorithm for wireless sensor networks[C].2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE),2011,7(15):5269-5273
[31]裴忠民,邓志东,徐硕,等.一种基于N-最优阶次序列的无线传感器网络节点定位方法[J].自动化学报,2010,36(2):199-207
[32]李辉,李腊元,李方云.一种新型的无线传感器网络三维定位机制[J].计算机工程与应用,2010,46(14):115-121
[33]方旭明,何蓉.短距离无线与移动通信网络[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004,1-14
[34]Zhuhong You, Max Q-H Meng, Huawei Liang, et al. A Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks Using a Mobile Beacon Node [C]. International Conference on Information Acquisition, 2007,7(11):420-426
[35]李辉.无线传感器网络节点定位技术的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2010
[36]彭宇,王丹.无线传感器网络定位技术综述[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2011,25(5):389-399
[37]万路军,姚佩阳,李明辉.基于TOA的无线传感器网络定位误差GDOP值分析[J].传感技术学报,2009,9(2):1198-1203
[38]杨天池,金梁,程娟.一种基于TOA定位的CHAN改进算法[J].电子学报,2009,4(12):819-822
[39]Priyantha N B,Chakraborty A,Balakrishnan H.The Cricket Location-Support System[J].In:Proceedings of 6th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking(ACM MOBICOM), 2000,8(3):32-43
[40]Akyildiz I F,Su W.,Sankarasubramaniam Y,et al.Wireless sensor network:A survey[J].Computer Network,2003,38(04):393-422
[41]毛永毅,张颖.非视距传播环境下的AOA定位跟踪算法[J].计算机应用,2011,31(2):317-319
[42]Griod L,Bychovskiy V,Elson J,et al.Locating tiny sensors in time and space:A case study[J]. 2002 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors,2002,10(2):214-219
[43]M Rabaey,M. J. Ammer,J. L. da Silve,et al. Picoradio supports ad hoc ultra-low power wireless networking[C].Computer,2008,33(7):42-48
[44]刘新新,周小佳,闫斌.无线传感器网络中基于能量检测的定位研究[J].传感技术学报,2011,24(6):884-887
[45]Chun-Hsien Wu,Kuo-Chuan Lee,Yeh-Ching Chung.A Delaunay triangulationbased method for wireless sensor network deployment[C].12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2006,1(1):12-15
[46]Niculescu D,Nath B. Ad-hoc positioning system(APS)[J].Rutgers University: Department of Computer Science,2001,23(3):439-442
[47]Miodrag Potkonjak,Jessica Feng,Lewis Girod.Location discovery using data driven statistical error modeling[J].? INFOCOM 2006. 25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings, 2006,26(8):43-47
[48]Niculescu D.,Nath B.Localized Positioning in Ad-hoc Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications[C].Proceedings of the First IEEE. 2003 IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications,2003,5(11):42-50
[49]Capkun S.,Hamdi M.,Hubaux J. P..GPS-Free Positioning in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks[C].Proceedings of the 34th annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2001,1(1): 3390-3481
[50]A. Savides,C. C. Han,M. B. Srivastava.Dynamic fine-grained localization in ad-hoc networks of sensors[C].In:Proc. of the 7th Annual Int’l Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking,2001,7(1):166-179
[51]M. Hazas,A. War.A Novel Broadband Ultrasonic Location System[C].In: Gaetano Bornello and Lars Enk Hotmquist eds Proceedings of UbiComp 2002 oteborg,2002,9(9):264-280
[52]Deb B,Bhainagar S,Nath B.Reliable information forwarding using multiple paths in sensor networks[J].In:The 28th Annual IEEE Conference on local Computer networks(LCN),2003,58(9):406-415
[53]He T,Huang CD,Blum BM,et al,Range-Free localization schemes in large scale sensor networks[C].In:Proc. of the 9th Annual Int’1 Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking,2003:81-95
[54]王福豹,史龙,任丰原.无线传感器网络中的自身定位系统与算法[J].软件学报,2005,16(5):857-868
[55]He T,Huang C,Blum B M,et al.Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks[J].In:Proceedings of 9th Annual Int’l Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking(MobiCom),2003,33(5):81-95
[56]Nirupama Bulusu,John Heidemann,Deborah Estrin.Self-Configuring Localization Systems:Design and Experimental Evaluation[J].ACM Transaction on Embedded Computing Systems,2004,3(1):24-60
[57]D. Estrin.Wireless Sensor Networks Tutorial Part IV:Sensor Network Protocols[M].Atlanta,Georgia,USA:Westin Peachtree Plaza,2002,23-28
[58]Wang FB,Shi L,Ren FY.Self-Localization systems and algorithms for wireless sensor networks [J].Journal of software,2005,16(5):857-868
[59]Niculescu D,Nath B.DV based positioning in ad hoc networks [J].Journal of Telecommunication Systems,2003,22(4):267-280
[60]刘艳文,王福豹,段渭军,等.基于DV-Hop定位算法和RSSI测距技术的定位系统[J].计算机应用,2007,27(3): 516-519
[61]江禹生,冯砚毫.一种新的DV-Hop定位算法[J].传感技术学报,2010,23(12):1815-1819
[62]张佳,吴延海,石峰,等.基于DV-Hop的无线传感器网络定位算法[J].计算机应用,2010,30(2):323-326
[63]陈星舟,廖明宠,林建华.基于粒子群优化的无线传感器网络节点定位改进[J].计算机应用,2010,30(7):1736-1738
[64]刘文远,王恩爽,陈子军.无线传感器网络中DV-Hop定位算法的改进[J].小型微型计算机系统,2011,32(6):1071-1074
[65]刘少强,庞新苗,樊晓平,等.一种有效提高节点定位精度的改进DV-Hop算法[J].传感技术学报,2010,23(8):1179-1183
[66]Du Defanga,Zhao Guorongb,Zhou Jianjuna.Application of Total Least Squares in In-Situ Calibration of INS[J].Electronics Optics & Control,2011,18(4):89-92
[67]夏文超,刘建平,戴瑜兴.基于MATLAB与LINUX的神经网络实现方法[J].计算机工程,2010,36(14):153-155
[68]孙言强,王晓东,周兴铭.无线传感器网络中基于几何覆盖的Jamming攻击定位算法[J].通信学报,2010,31(11):10-16
[69]吕良彬,曹阳,高洵,等.基于球壳交集的传感器网络三维定位算法[J].北京邮电大学学报,2006,29:48-51
[70]马震,刘云,沈波.分布式无线传感器网络定位算法MDS-MAP(D)[J].通信学报,2008,29(6):57-62
[71]L.Q. Zhang,X. B. Zhou,Q. Cheng.Landscape-3D:A Robust Localization Scheme for Sensor Networks over Complex 3D Terrains[A].Proceedings 2006 31st IEEE Conference on? Local Computer Networks,2006, 11(14):239-246
[72]周强,崔逊学,陈桂林.基于移动代理的大规模无线传感器网络路由优化算法[J].计算机应用,2011,31(7):1924-1927
[2]Chee-yee,Srikanta P. Kumar. Sensor Networks: Evolution,Opporunities, and Challenges[J]. Proceeding of the IEEE, 2003,91(8):1247-1256
[3]Caruso Antonio, Chessa Stefano, De Swades,et al.GPS free coordinate assignment and routing in wireless sensor networks[J].In:IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM2005),2005,15(6):150 -160
[4]李善仓,张克旺.无线传感器网络原理与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008,56-67
[5]Joseph Polastre,Robert Szewczyk,Alan Mainwaring,et al.Analysis of wireless sensor networks for habitat monitoring[J].Wireless Sensor Networks, 2004,1(18):399-423
[6]Zhen Hu,Dongbing Gu,Zhengxun Song,et al.Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Using a Mobile Anchor Node[J].Computer society IEEE, 2008,26(7):602-607
[7]Vieira M.A.M.,Coelho C.N.,Jr da Silva.Survey on wireless sensor network devices[J].Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation 2003.Proceeding ETFA 03 IEEE Conference 2003,1(1):537-544
[8]王德华.无线传感器网络非测距三维定位算法的研究[D].山东:山东大学,2010
[9]Li Luanyuan, Liu Chunlin.A Qos multicast routing protocol for ad-hoc networks[J].IEEE ITCC,2005,1(4):609-614
[10]侯守峰,周小佳,闫斌.无线传感器网络中移动节点定位算法研究[J].小型微型计算机系统,2011,32(6):1082-1084
[11]Pathirana P. N. Location Based Power Control for Energy Critical Sensors in a Disconnected Network[J].2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics,2006,16(18):653-658
[12]Yanchao Z.,Wei L.,Wenjing L.,et al.Location-based compromise-tolerant security mechanisms for wireless sensor networks[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2006,24(2):247-260
[13]刘志宏,马建峰,黄启萍.基于区域的无线传感器网络密钥管理[J].计算机学报,2006,29(09):1608-1616
[14]Das S. M.,Pucha H.,Hu Y. C..Performance comparison of scalable location services for geographic ad hoc routing[J].INFOCOM 2005, 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 2005,2(1):1228-1239
[15]Sundar S.,Sanjay S. Geographic routing with limited information in sensor networks.Infromation Processing in Sensor Networks[J].?IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2010,56(09):4506-4519
[16]侯惠峰,刘湘雯,于宏毅,等.一种基于地理位置信息的无线传感器网络最小能耗路由算法[J].电子与信息学报,2007,29(01):177-181
[17]Bo Hong,Viktor K.Maximum life time data sensing and extraction in energy Constrained networked sensor systems[J].Journal of parallel and Distributed Computing,2006,66(4):566-577
[18]李丰,霍玮,冯晓兵.面向无线传感器网络应用的自适应调试方法[J].计算机学报,2011,34(7):1195-1213
[19]王殊,阎毓杰,胡富平,等.无线传感器网络的理论及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007,144-148
[20]Tubaishat M,Madria S.Sensor Networks:An Overview[J].IEEE Potentials, 2003,22(2):20-23
[21]P. Bahl,V. Padmanabhan.RADAR: An In-Building RF-Based User Location and Tracking System[C].? INFOCOM 2000. Nineteenth Annual JointConference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies,2000, 2(1):775-784
[22]ChiYin Chow,Mokbel M.F.,Tian He.A Privacy-Preserving Location Monitoring System for Wireless Sensor Networks[J].?IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,2011,10(1):94-107
[23]Hyochang Ahn,Sang-Burm Rhee.Simulation of a RSSI-Based Indoor Localization System Using Wireless Sensor Network[C].2010 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Technologies and Applications(CUTE),2010,12(16):1-4
[24]孟文超,俞立,董齐芬,等.基于最优信标组的扩展卡尔曼节点算法[J].传感技术学报,2011,24(4):581-586
[25]Myint T.Z. ,Lynn N. ,Ohtsuki T..Range-free localization algorithm using local expected hop length in wireless sensor network[C].?2010 International Symposium on Communications and Information Technologies (ISCIT), 2010,10(26):356-361
[26]朱剑,赵海,徐久强,等.无线传感器网络中的定位模型[J].软件学报,2011,22(7):1612-1625
[27]李亚男,冯燕,贾应彪.基于无线传感器网络的声音目标定位算法[J].传感技术学报,2011,24(5):724-728
[28]李东岳,王英龙,刘颖慧,等.基于运动向量的无线传感器网络节点定位[J].计算机工程,2010,36(23):92-94
[29]李晓维,徐勇军,任丰原.无线传感器网络技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2007,1-23
[30]Xuewen He,Yong Xiao. Study on 3D node location algorithm for wireless sensor networks[C].2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE),2011,7(15):5269-5273
[31]裴忠民,邓志东,徐硕,等.一种基于N-最优阶次序列的无线传感器网络节点定位方法[J].自动化学报,2010,36(2):199-207
[32]李辉,李腊元,李方云.一种新型的无线传感器网络三维定位机制[J].计算机工程与应用,2010,46(14):115-121
[33]方旭明,何蓉.短距离无线与移动通信网络[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2004,1-14
[34]Zhuhong You, Max Q-H Meng, Huawei Liang, et al. A Localization Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks Using a Mobile Beacon Node [C]. International Conference on Information Acquisition, 2007,7(11):420-426
[35]李辉.无线传感器网络节点定位技术的研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2010
[36]彭宇,王丹.无线传感器网络定位技术综述[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2011,25(5):389-399
[37]万路军,姚佩阳,李明辉.基于TOA的无线传感器网络定位误差GDOP值分析[J].传感技术学报,2009,9(2):1198-1203
[38]杨天池,金梁,程娟.一种基于TOA定位的CHAN改进算法[J].电子学报,2009,4(12):819-822
[39]Priyantha N B,Chakraborty A,Balakrishnan H.The Cricket Location-Support System[J].In:Proceedings of 6th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking(ACM MOBICOM), 2000,8(3):32-43
[40]Akyildiz I F,Su W.,Sankarasubramaniam Y,et al.Wireless sensor network:A survey[J].Computer Network,2003,38(04):393-422
[41]毛永毅,张颖.非视距传播环境下的AOA定位跟踪算法[J].计算机应用,2011,31(2):317-319
[42]Griod L,Bychovskiy V,Elson J,et al.Locating tiny sensors in time and space:A case study[J]. 2002 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computers and Processors,2002,10(2):214-219
[43]M Rabaey,M. J. Ammer,J. L. da Silve,et al. Picoradio supports ad hoc ultra-low power wireless networking[C].Computer,2008,33(7):42-48
[44]刘新新,周小佳,闫斌.无线传感器网络中基于能量检测的定位研究[J].传感技术学报,2011,24(6):884-887
[45]Chun-Hsien Wu,Kuo-Chuan Lee,Yeh-Ching Chung.A Delaunay triangulationbased method for wireless sensor network deployment[C].12th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2006,1(1):12-15
[46]Niculescu D,Nath B. Ad-hoc positioning system(APS)[J].Rutgers University: Department of Computer Science,2001,23(3):439-442
[47]Miodrag Potkonjak,Jessica Feng,Lewis Girod.Location discovery using data driven statistical error modeling[J].? INFOCOM 2006. 25th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications. Proceedings, 2006,26(8):43-47
[48]Niculescu D.,Nath B.Localized Positioning in Ad-hoc Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications[C].Proceedings of the First IEEE. 2003 IEEE International Workshop on Sensor Network Protocols and Applications,2003,5(11):42-50
[49]Capkun S.,Hamdi M.,Hubaux J. P..GPS-Free Positioning in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks[C].Proceedings of the 34th annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,2001,1(1): 3390-3481
[50]A. Savides,C. C. Han,M. B. Srivastava.Dynamic fine-grained localization in ad-hoc networks of sensors[C].In:Proc. of the 7th Annual Int’l Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking,2001,7(1):166-179
[51]M. Hazas,A. War.A Novel Broadband Ultrasonic Location System[C].In: Gaetano Bornello and Lars Enk Hotmquist eds Proceedings of UbiComp 2002 oteborg,2002,9(9):264-280
[52]Deb B,Bhainagar S,Nath B.Reliable information forwarding using multiple paths in sensor networks[J].In:The 28th Annual IEEE Conference on local Computer networks(LCN),2003,58(9):406-415
[53]He T,Huang CD,Blum BM,et al,Range-Free localization schemes in large scale sensor networks[C].In:Proc. of the 9th Annual Int’1 Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking,2003:81-95
[54]王福豹,史龙,任丰原.无线传感器网络中的自身定位系统与算法[J].软件学报,2005,16(5):857-868
[55]He T,Huang C,Blum B M,et al.Range-free localization schemes for large scale sensor networks[J].In:Proceedings of 9th Annual Int’l Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking(MobiCom),2003,33(5):81-95
[56]Nirupama Bulusu,John Heidemann,Deborah Estrin.Self-Configuring Localization Systems:Design and Experimental Evaluation[J].ACM Transaction on Embedded Computing Systems,2004,3(1):24-60
[57]D. Estrin.Wireless Sensor Networks Tutorial Part IV:Sensor Network Protocols[M].Atlanta,Georgia,USA:Westin Peachtree Plaza,2002,23-28
[58]Wang FB,Shi L,Ren FY.Self-Localization systems and algorithms for wireless sensor networks [J].Journal of software,2005,16(5):857-868
[59]Niculescu D,Nath B.DV based positioning in ad hoc networks [J].Journal of Telecommunication Systems,2003,22(4):267-280
[60]刘艳文,王福豹,段渭军,等.基于DV-Hop定位算法和RSSI测距技术的定位系统[J].计算机应用,2007,27(3): 516-519
[61]江禹生,冯砚毫.一种新的DV-Hop定位算法[J].传感技术学报,2010,23(12):1815-1819
[62]张佳,吴延海,石峰,等.基于DV-Hop的无线传感器网络定位算法[J].计算机应用,2010,30(2):323-326
[63]陈星舟,廖明宠,林建华.基于粒子群优化的无线传感器网络节点定位改进[J].计算机应用,2010,30(7):1736-1738
[64]刘文远,王恩爽,陈子军.无线传感器网络中DV-Hop定位算法的改进[J].小型微型计算机系统,2011,32(6):1071-1074
[65]刘少强,庞新苗,樊晓平,等.一种有效提高节点定位精度的改进DV-Hop算法[J].传感技术学报,2010,23(8):1179-1183
[66]Du Defanga,Zhao Guorongb,Zhou Jianjuna.Application of Total Least Squares in In-Situ Calibration of INS[J].Electronics Optics & Control,2011,18(4):89-92
[67]夏文超,刘建平,戴瑜兴.基于MATLAB与LINUX的神经网络实现方法[J].计算机工程,2010,36(14):153-155
[68]孙言强,王晓东,周兴铭.无线传感器网络中基于几何覆盖的Jamming攻击定位算法[J].通信学报,2010,31(11):10-16
[69]吕良彬,曹阳,高洵,等.基于球壳交集的传感器网络三维定位算法[J].北京邮电大学学报,2006,29:48-51
[70]马震,刘云,沈波.分布式无线传感器网络定位算法MDS-MAP(D)[J].通信学报,2008,29(6):57-62
[71]L.Q. Zhang,X. B. Zhou,Q. Cheng.Landscape-3D:A Robust Localization Scheme for Sensor Networks over Complex 3D Terrains[A].Proceedings 2006 31st IEEE Conference on? Local Computer Networks,2006, 11(14):239-246
[72]周强,崔逊学,陈桂林.基于移动代理的大规模无线传感器网络路由优化算法[J].计算机应用,2011,31(7):1924-1927