基于.NET框架的Web数据库访问技术的研究与实现
摘要
随着Internet的飞速发展,万维网(WWW,World Wide Web)得到了很大的发展。WWW系统和数据库是网络化信息服务的基础,Web技术和数据库技术相结合成为当前研究的热点,其中关键就是Web数据库访问技术。传统的数据库访问技术己渐渐不能满足高速存取、断开连接存取和内置的全面的XML支持等的需要,研究Internet的数据库访问技术也就成为数据库研究的主要方向之一。
目前基本的数据库访问技术主要有开放数据库连接(ODBC,OpenDatabase Connectivity)、基于ODBC的数据访问对象(DAO,Data AccessObject)和远程数据对象(RDO,Remote Data Object)、Java数据库连接(JDBC,Java Database Connectivity)、对象链接和嵌入式数据库(OLE DB,Objcot Linking and Embedding Database)/ActiveX数据对象(ActiveXData Object,ADO),他们都是在不同时期出现并被广泛使用的技术,很多技术现在仍很流行。而常用的Web数据库访问实现技术主要包括通用网关接口(CGI,Common Gateway Interface)、服务器应用程序接口(SAPI,ServerApplication Programming Interface)、动态服务器端语言(ASP,Active ServerPage)、超文本预处理器(PHP,Professional HyperText PreProcessor)、Java服务器端语言(JSP,Java Server Pages),这些技术各有自己的优缺点和适宜场合,仍被广泛采用来编写Web应用程序。随着微软.NET的推出,ASP.NET为编写大量的Web应用程序带来了巨大的变革。本文着重就.NET框架的最新数据库访问技术——ADO.NET的体系结构、对象模型、各个对象的重点特性等进行了深入而详细的分析和研究,就ADO.NET在Web应用中主要性能优化包括四种.NET数据提供程序性能优化、比较和选择,存储过程的优化,安全性,数据一致性等作了深入的探究。提出了在.NET环境下如何开发高效的面向Internet的数据库访问技术,这些探讨对于目前大量的Web数据库应用程序的开发具有较大的实用和指导意义。
基于上述Web数据库访问技术研究,根据黄石市公路管理处的实际需求,设计并实现了B/S模式的管理信息系统。该系统基于.NET平台,采用ADO.NET数据访问技术和相关性能优化技术,利用VB语言设计实现。该系统由表示层、业务层和数据层组成。表示层处在客户端,由一个通用的浏
With the developing rapidly of Internet, WWW (World Wide Web) has got the very big development. WWW is the most popular and leading information service method. WWW system and database are the foundations of network information service, the technique of Web has become the current focus of research with the database technique, the key is a Web database access technique. The traditional database access technique can't satisfy little by little the demand of high speed access, the data access on broken connection and Complete support of XML, etc. The study of database access technique based on Internet has become one of main direction of database research.Current basic database access technique primarily contain Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), Data Access Object (DAO) and Remote Data Object (RDO) based on ODBC, Java Database Connectivity (JDBC), Object Linking and Embedding Database (OLE DB)/ ActiveX Data Object (ADO), they appear separately on different period and used broadly, a lot of techniques are still very popular now. General Web database access implementation technique includes the Common Gateway Interface (CGI), Server Application Programming Interface (SAPI), Active Server Page (ASP), Professional HyperText Preprocessor (PHP), Java Server Pages (JSP) primarily, these techniques each have their advantages, shortcomings and the proper situations, still are extensive adopted to write the Web application program. Along with the Microsoft .NET releasing, the ASP.NET brings enormous varieties for writing a flood of Web application program. This paper investigates thoroughly the performance optimize of ADO.NET on Web application, which includes comparison, choice and performance optimize of four kinds of .NET data providers, applicable occasion and optimize of stored procedure, security, data consistency etc. In addition, it puts forward that how to develop efficiently database access application of facing to the Internet on .NET environment. These studies provide bigger practical values and guiding meaning for a great deal of the current
development of database application on Web.Based on the above studies of Web database access technique, according to actual need of Huangshi Road Administrative Office, a Information system of B/S mode has been designed and realized. That system on .NET platform is the implementation with VB language by adoption ADO.NET data access technique and related performance optimize technique. This system consists of browser, Web server and database server. The browser is placed in client anywhere supported by general browser. Business data logic as center agent is usually named Web server. The backstage is a SQL Server database server. The Web server of the system uses AD0.NET technique (such as SQL Server.NET data providers, stored procedures, security, data consistency) connecting and accessing database. Such things enhance consumedly data access efficiency and performance of application program.
目前基本的数据库访问技术主要有开放数据库连接(ODBC,OpenDatabase Connectivity)、基于ODBC的数据访问对象(DAO,Data AccessObject)和远程数据对象(RDO,Remote Data Object)、Java数据库连接(JDBC,Java Database Connectivity)、对象链接和嵌入式数据库(OLE DB,Objcot Linking and Embedding Database)/ActiveX数据对象(ActiveXData Object,ADO),他们都是在不同时期出现并被广泛使用的技术,很多技术现在仍很流行。而常用的Web数据库访问实现技术主要包括通用网关接口(CGI,Common Gateway Interface)、服务器应用程序接口(SAPI,ServerApplication Programming Interface)、动态服务器端语言(ASP,Active ServerPage)、超文本预处理器(PHP,Professional HyperText PreProcessor)、Java服务器端语言(JSP,Java Server Pages),这些技术各有自己的优缺点和适宜场合,仍被广泛采用来编写Web应用程序。随着微软.NET的推出,ASP.NET为编写大量的Web应用程序带来了巨大的变革。本文着重就.NET框架的最新数据库访问技术——ADO.NET的体系结构、对象模型、各个对象的重点特性等进行了深入而详细的分析和研究,就ADO.NET在Web应用中主要性能优化包括四种.NET数据提供程序性能优化、比较和选择,存储过程的优化,安全性,数据一致性等作了深入的探究。提出了在.NET环境下如何开发高效的面向Internet的数据库访问技术,这些探讨对于目前大量的Web数据库应用程序的开发具有较大的实用和指导意义。
基于上述Web数据库访问技术研究,根据黄石市公路管理处的实际需求,设计并实现了B/S模式的管理信息系统。该系统基于.NET平台,采用ADO.NET数据访问技术和相关性能优化技术,利用VB语言设计实现。该系统由表示层、业务层和数据层组成。表示层处在客户端,由一个通用的浏
With the developing rapidly of Internet, WWW (World Wide Web) has got the very big development. WWW is the most popular and leading information service method. WWW system and database are the foundations of network information service, the technique of Web has become the current focus of research with the database technique, the key is a Web database access technique. The traditional database access technique can't satisfy little by little the demand of high speed access, the data access on broken connection and Complete support of XML, etc. The study of database access technique based on Internet has become one of main direction of database research.Current basic database access technique primarily contain Open Database Connectivity (ODBC), Data Access Object (DAO) and Remote Data Object (RDO) based on ODBC, Java Database Connectivity (JDBC), Object Linking and Embedding Database (OLE DB)/ ActiveX Data Object (ADO), they appear separately on different period and used broadly, a lot of techniques are still very popular now. General Web database access implementation technique includes the Common Gateway Interface (CGI), Server Application Programming Interface (SAPI), Active Server Page (ASP), Professional HyperText Preprocessor (PHP), Java Server Pages (JSP) primarily, these techniques each have their advantages, shortcomings and the proper situations, still are extensive adopted to write the Web application program. Along with the Microsoft .NET releasing, the ASP.NET brings enormous varieties for writing a flood of Web application program. This paper investigates thoroughly the performance optimize of ADO.NET on Web application, which includes comparison, choice and performance optimize of four kinds of .NET data providers, applicable occasion and optimize of stored procedure, security, data consistency etc. In addition, it puts forward that how to develop efficiently database access application of facing to the Internet on .NET environment. These studies provide bigger practical values and guiding meaning for a great deal of the current
development of database application on Web.Based on the above studies of Web database access technique, according to actual need of Huangshi Road Administrative Office, a Information system of B/S mode has been designed and realized. That system on .NET platform is the implementation with VB language by adoption ADO.NET data access technique and related performance optimize technique. This system consists of browser, Web server and database server. The browser is placed in client anywhere supported by general browser. Business data logic as center agent is usually named Web server. The backstage is a SQL Server database server. The Web server of the system uses AD0.NET technique (such as SQL Server.NET data providers, stored procedures, security, data consistency) connecting and accessing database. Such things enhance consumedly data access efficiency and performance of application program.
引文
[1] 徐雪霖.Web数据库访问技术探析.微计算机信息,2004,20(02):110-112
[2] 叶斌.VB种数据库访问技术的分析与比较.微机发展,2003,13(02):83-85
[3] 姜芳艽,刘德.通用数据访问技术的发展及其应用.现代计算机,2004,006(07):26-28
[4] 王里平,郝立柱.通用数据访问技术分析.电脑开发与应用,2003,10(06):10-12
[5] 李永新.基于.NET的高效学籍管理信息系统的设计及实现:[硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2005
[6] Simon Robinson K.Scott Allen.C撑高级编程.杨洁,杨铁男,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.10-49
[7] John Kauffman,Brian Matsik.ASP.NET数据库入门经典—C#编程篇.张哲峰,黄翔宇,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.185-243
[8] 成功,杨佃福.VC中几种数据库访问技术的比较与选择.计算机应用研究,2002,025(02):82-84
[9] 俞建,张撩军.数据库访问技术研究.计算机与现代化,2004,009(10):29-31
[10] 李海涛,李之棠。基于Java的数据库访问中的性能问题分析与解决.计算机工程与应用,2002,070(18):212-217
[11] 莫礼平,张兆害.VB中基于ADO的数据库访问方法.电脑开发与应用,2004,17(6):33-34
[12] 徐枫,马国之,刘良旭.基于ADO技术的数据库访问研究与实现.计算机工程与设计,2004,25(01):107-110
[13] 谷震离.ADO访问SQL Server数据库技术分析及其应用.计算机应用与软件,2004,21(12):32-33
[14] Doug Rothaus, Mike Pizzo. ADO.NET for the ADO Programmer. Microsoft Corporation,December 2001.129-157
[15] Chris Goode,John Kauffman.ASP.NET 1.0入门经典——C#编程篇.扬洁,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.203-291
[16] 左凤朝.基于Web的数据库访问技术探析.计算机工程与应用,2005,52(15):35-37
[17] 谢天保,雷西玲,张景.基于Web的数据库访问模式的研究.计算机应用研究,2002,25(08):75-76
[18] 李岩.基于Web的数据库访问技术研究与应用.[硕士学位论文].沈阳:东北大学,2002
[19] 魏红.动态网页技术JSP与ASP、PHP的比较浅析.电脑知识与技术,2006,47(02):88-90
[20] 庄明.Web数据库访问技术综论.微机发展,2001,16(6):41-42
[21] 皇祯平,王万诚.对几种Web数据库访问技术的分析与研究.控制工程,2003,10(03):230-232
[22] HilLer. Programming Active Server Pages. Microsoft Press, 1999.130-163
[23] 张奇.基于ASP.NET的网络课程开发技术应用研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学计算机应用技术,2005
[24] Microsoft.Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 2003文档
[25] Jason Bell,Mike Clark.ASP.NET程序员参考手册.赵彦敏,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.134-204
[26] [美]Richard Leinecker.Special Edition Using ASP.NET(ASP.NET实用全书).齐岷、张力等译.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.168-240
[27] [美]Matthew MacDonald.ASP.NET完全手册.贾晓军、于秀山、吕嘉章等译.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.232-294
[28] [美]Stephen Walther. ASP.NET技术内幕.马朝晖等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2002 301-462
[29] Rob Howard. Five Steps to Getting Started with ASP.NET. Microsoft Corporation, November,2000.203-227
[30] [美]Rebecca M.Riordan.ADO.NET程序设计.李高健,孙瑛霖,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.214-364
[31] [美]David Sceppa.ADO.NET技术内幕.梁超,张莉,贺馄,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.172-327
[32] [美]BilIyHollis等.VB.NET程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社.2001.110-186
[33] [美]Keith Franklin.Microsoft VB.NET开发人员指南.北京:希望电子出版社.2002.168-235
[34] 金灿,陈绪君,朱绍文等..NET框架中三种数据访问技术及效率比较.计算机应用研究,2003,12(04):155-157
[35] 廖信彦.ASP.NET技术参考.北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.103-141
[36] 微软公司.ASP.NET安全应用程序开发.詹文军,王新程,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.229-273
[37] Paul D, Sheriff. Using ADO.NET. PDSA,Inc,January 2002
[38] Dino Esposito. A Soft Landing to ADO.NET. SQL Server Magazine, May 2003
[39] Dennis Lu, Doug Rothaus. Best Practices for Using ADO.NET. Microsoft Corporation, July 2002
[40] Alison Baiter, Paul D. Sheriff. Data Binding with Windows Forms and ADO.NET. Microsoft Corporation,November 2001
[41] 刘志波..NET中统一的存储过程调用方法.计算机应用,2003,23(11):153-154
[42] 涂静.ADO.NET调用存储过程的方法.电脑与信息技术,2003,008(3):33-36
[43] 应毅,毛宇光,刘正涛.基于ADO.NET技术的Web访问数据库研究与实现.计算机与现代化,2005,23(04):64-67
[44] David Sceppa. ADO.NET Core Reference. Microsoft Corporation,2003
[45] 于倩,罗静.ASP.NET中ADO.NET对数据库的管理.微机算计应用,2004,25(3):372-376
[46] 李永革,潘卫,刑红梅.深入理解ADO.NET的更新机制.计算机应用,2005,25(12):163-165
[47] 孟现飞,李浩,孙统风.ADO.NET数据访问模型研究.微机发展,2003,S1(13):94-97
[48] evget.ADO.NET的最佳实践技巧.http://www.evget.com/articles/evget_1557.html, 2005.12
[49] 谢无痕.基于.NET平台的Web应用中数据访问技术的深入探索.http://www.evget/com/articles/evget_135.html,2006.1
[50] lanxi.ASP.NET设计中的性能优化问题.http://www.evget.com/articles/evget_1631.html,2006.1
[2] 叶斌.VB种数据库访问技术的分析与比较.微机发展,2003,13(02):83-85
[3] 姜芳艽,刘德.通用数据访问技术的发展及其应用.现代计算机,2004,006(07):26-28
[4] 王里平,郝立柱.通用数据访问技术分析.电脑开发与应用,2003,10(06):10-12
[5] 李永新.基于.NET的高效学籍管理信息系统的设计及实现:[硕士学位论文].长沙:国防科学技术大学研究生院,2005
[6] Simon Robinson K.Scott Allen.C撑高级编程.杨洁,杨铁男,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.10-49
[7] John Kauffman,Brian Matsik.ASP.NET数据库入门经典—C#编程篇.张哲峰,黄翔宇,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.185-243
[8] 成功,杨佃福.VC中几种数据库访问技术的比较与选择.计算机应用研究,2002,025(02):82-84
[9] 俞建,张撩军.数据库访问技术研究.计算机与现代化,2004,009(10):29-31
[10] 李海涛,李之棠。基于Java的数据库访问中的性能问题分析与解决.计算机工程与应用,2002,070(18):212-217
[11] 莫礼平,张兆害.VB中基于ADO的数据库访问方法.电脑开发与应用,2004,17(6):33-34
[12] 徐枫,马国之,刘良旭.基于ADO技术的数据库访问研究与实现.计算机工程与设计,2004,25(01):107-110
[13] 谷震离.ADO访问SQL Server数据库技术分析及其应用.计算机应用与软件,2004,21(12):32-33
[14] Doug Rothaus, Mike Pizzo. ADO.NET for the ADO Programmer. Microsoft Corporation,December 2001.129-157
[15] Chris Goode,John Kauffman.ASP.NET 1.0入门经典——C#编程篇.扬洁,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.203-291
[16] 左凤朝.基于Web的数据库访问技术探析.计算机工程与应用,2005,52(15):35-37
[17] 谢天保,雷西玲,张景.基于Web的数据库访问模式的研究.计算机应用研究,2002,25(08):75-76
[18] 李岩.基于Web的数据库访问技术研究与应用.[硕士学位论文].沈阳:东北大学,2002
[19] 魏红.动态网页技术JSP与ASP、PHP的比较浅析.电脑知识与技术,2006,47(02):88-90
[20] 庄明.Web数据库访问技术综论.微机发展,2001,16(6):41-42
[21] 皇祯平,王万诚.对几种Web数据库访问技术的分析与研究.控制工程,2003,10(03):230-232
[22] HilLer. Programming Active Server Pages. Microsoft Press, 1999.130-163
[23] 张奇.基于ASP.NET的网络课程开发技术应用研究:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学计算机应用技术,2005
[24] Microsoft.Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 2003文档
[25] Jason Bell,Mike Clark.ASP.NET程序员参考手册.赵彦敏,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.134-204
[26] [美]Richard Leinecker.Special Edition Using ASP.NET(ASP.NET实用全书).齐岷、张力等译.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.168-240
[27] [美]Matthew MacDonald.ASP.NET完全手册.贾晓军、于秀山、吕嘉章等译.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.232-294
[28] [美]Stephen Walther. ASP.NET技术内幕.马朝晖等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2002 301-462
[29] Rob Howard. Five Steps to Getting Started with ASP.NET. Microsoft Corporation, November,2000.203-227
[30] [美]Rebecca M.Riordan.ADO.NET程序设计.李高健,孙瑛霖,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.214-364
[31] [美]David Sceppa.ADO.NET技术内幕.梁超,张莉,贺馄,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.172-327
[32] [美]BilIyHollis等.VB.NET程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社.2001.110-186
[33] [美]Keith Franklin.Microsoft VB.NET开发人员指南.北京:希望电子出版社.2002.168-235
[34] 金灿,陈绪君,朱绍文等..NET框架中三种数据访问技术及效率比较.计算机应用研究,2003,12(04):155-157
[35] 廖信彦.ASP.NET技术参考.北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.103-141
[36] 微软公司.ASP.NET安全应用程序开发.詹文军,王新程,译.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.229-273
[37] Paul D, Sheriff. Using ADO.NET. PDSA,Inc,January 2002
[38] Dino Esposito. A Soft Landing to ADO.NET. SQL Server Magazine, May 2003
[39] Dennis Lu, Doug Rothaus. Best Practices for Using ADO.NET. Microsoft Corporation, July 2002
[40] Alison Baiter, Paul D. Sheriff. Data Binding with Windows Forms and ADO.NET. Microsoft Corporation,November 2001
[41] 刘志波..NET中统一的存储过程调用方法.计算机应用,2003,23(11):153-154
[42] 涂静.ADO.NET调用存储过程的方法.电脑与信息技术,2003,008(3):33-36
[43] 应毅,毛宇光,刘正涛.基于ADO.NET技术的Web访问数据库研究与实现.计算机与现代化,2005,23(04):64-67
[44] David Sceppa. ADO.NET Core Reference. Microsoft Corporation,2003
[45] 于倩,罗静.ASP.NET中ADO.NET对数据库的管理.微机算计应用,2004,25(3):372-376
[46] 李永革,潘卫,刑红梅.深入理解ADO.NET的更新机制.计算机应用,2005,25(12):163-165
[47] 孟现飞,李浩,孙统风.ADO.NET数据访问模型研究.微机发展,2003,S1(13):94-97
[48] evget.ADO.NET的最佳实践技巧.http://www.evget.com/articles/evget_1557.html, 2005.12
[49] 谢无痕.基于.NET平台的Web应用中数据访问技术的深入探索.http://www.evget/com/articles/evget_135.html,2006.1
[50] lanxi.ASP.NET设计中的性能优化问题.http://www.evget.com/articles/evget_1631.html,2006.1
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