银企联盟供应链研究
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摘要
自二十世纪九十年代以来,随着信息技术的迅速发展,以及经济全球化进程的加速,供应链管理在制造业中得到普遍应用,成为一种全新的经营模式。银行业为了顺应企业供应链管理的需要,创新发展出供应链金融。在具体实践中,供应链管理和供应链会融理论以及相关的理论研究也取得相应的进展,但仍存在一些尚未解决的问题,如银行与供应链企业间的合作和守信问题;供应链金融可能带来的风险扩散问题;银行与企业的信息互通共享以及信用体系建设问题等等,影响了供应链管理和供应链金融的应用及推广。
在银行与核心企业组成银企联盟的基础上,组建银企联盟供应链,使银行成为供应链的网络组成部分,是加强并密切银行与企业合作关系的途径,可以有效地解决供应链金融存在的问题。因为在银企联盟供应链中,银行可以有效地监控整个供应链的运作,降低银行的信贷风险;发挥银行的中介和金融支持功能,促进供应链企业的融资;加强银企之间的信息沟通与共享,促进银行与供应链企业之间的合作,增加各自的核心竞争力,达到银企多方共赢的目的。为此,本文就银行与供应链企业之间银企联盟供应链的构建以及相关机制的建立、银行对供应链及其企业的监控、银企间信息共享的实现等问题进行研讨。
在介绍供应链金融概念的基础上,通过深圳发展银行供应链金融的具体实践,进一步了解和分析了供应链金融的运作模式及其特点、作用。认为供应链金融存在局限性和风险问题,供应链金融所依赖的风险规避机制存在失灵的可能,银行与核心企业的关系是解决问题的关键,银行与供应链的核心企业应建立起新的合作关系。从UPS的企业与银行有机结合,较好解决供应链金融运行中问题的经验获得启发,提出在银行与供应链核心企业建立银企战略联盟并形成较为稳固的银企关系的基础上,组建银企联盟供应链,以解决供应链金融存在的不足和风险问题。
银行与企业间的关系应是相互依存的信用合作关系,建立银企战略联盟可以更加密切这种关系,成为利益的共同体。通过国内外银企战略联盟的案例,探讨建立银企战略联盟的基础条件,认为银行通过与企业建立战略联盟,参与企业运营,使银行的监控成本得到有效控制,并提高了联盟的效率和稳定性。通过构建和分析银行放贷模型和企业控制权配置模型,说明银行应该拥有企业的部分控制权,同时通过模型导出银行拥有企业控制权的相应比例。
与传统的供应链结构不同,银企联盟供应链是在银行和核心企业组成战略联盟基础上所构成的供应链,是对传统的供应链改造。银企联盟供应链也不是一个现有的供应链和银行的简单组合,它具有一个比传统供应链更为稳定的双核结构,系统为复杂网链结构,避免了简单网链结构容易断裂、信息单向传递、中间环节问题会造成整个供应链系统瘫痪的弊端,使得整个供应链信息的传递更为流畅透明,供应链的核心竞争力得以增强。
银企联盟供应链的正常运行,需要通过有效的运行机制得以保证。为此进一步探讨了建立在降低交易成本上的银企联盟供应链效益机制;通过建立双回路信息共享模型实现企业的信息共享机制;从减少供应链矛盾、降低银行的风险以及加强银企之间合作与协调等几个方面建立银企联盟供应链激励机制。
企业创新需要资金的投入和知识的投入,供应链企业具有知识的互补性。银企联盟供应链通过提高供应商参与创新的积极性,可以使更多的供应链企业参与到创新中;通过加大银行对企业创新的金融支持力度以及增加供应链企业对创新资源的投入,促进企业创新数量的增加和质量的改善,从而提高供应链企业的整体创新能力。
供应链存在环境风险、结构风险、信息风险、信用风险等风险问题,传统的解决供应链信用风险的方法存在缺陷,而银企联盟供应链则通过加快资金的流动,协调供应链的物流、资金流、信息流,加强薄弱环节,增强供应链的稳定,改善融资环境,提高供应链的抗风险能力等降降低供应链的信用风险。同时,银企联盟供应链的监控作用、协调作用和预警作用,也具有防范银企联盟供应链风险的功能。
最后,通过综合运用前面研究的理论和方法,针对我国中小企业融资难的具体情况,在银企联盟供应链基础上对中小企业的融资进行了探讨。
With the rapid development of information technology and the emergence of economic globalization, supply chain has been became a new business model used in manufacturing management since the 1990s. the bank Carries on the innovation to develop the financial supply chain for meeting the need of the supply chain. On the basis of practice, there have made progress in the supply chain management, the supply chain finance theory as well as the associated theoretical research. But there are still some unresolved issues, such as the problems of cooperation and trustworthiness between bank and enterprise; risk proliferation may be caused by supply chain finance; information sharing between bank and enterprise, etc. All of them affect the application and promotion of supply chain management and supply chain finance.
It is a good way to strengthen and close the cooperation between the bank and the enterprises that constructing the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain based the alliance of the bank and the core enterprise. there making the bank become an integral part of the supply chain. It may effectively solve the problem of supply chain finance. In the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain, the bank may effectively monitor the supply chain's operation to reduce credit risk of the bank; the bank plays an intermediary and carries on financial support to promote the financing of enterprises in the supply chain; It strengthens the information sharing between the bank and the enterprise, promotes their cooperation, increases their core competitiveness and serves win-win. this paper has discussed these problems that how to construct the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain, how to establish its operating mechanism, how to monitor the supply chain, how to realize information sharing between the bank and the enterprise, and others.
We can understand the operating model and characteristics of supply chain finance as well as its limitation and risk question, on the foundation of introducing supply chain finance concept and through the concrete practice of Shenzhen Development Bank. We think the risk circumvention mechanism of supply chain finance has the possibility malfunction. It is hlepful in solving the problem that the bank and the core enterprise of supply chain establish the good cooperative relation. The paper puts up with the solution that insufficiency and risk question of supply chain finance, through establishing the strategic alliance of bank and enterprise to form the stable bank-enterprise relation, then setting up the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain by the inspiration that the organic synthesis of the UPS enterprise and the bank can effectively solve the operating questions of the supply chain finance.
The bank and the enterprise need to establish the relationship of credit cooperation, so it is necessary to set up bank-enterprise strategic alliance. Through the cases of domestic and foreign bank-enterprise strategic alliance, exploring basic requirements of establishing bank-enterprise strategic alliance, by participating enterprise operation, the monitoring costs of bank will be under the active control, the efficiency and the stability of the alliance will be enhanced by establishing bank-enterprise strategic alliance. The bank needs to have the debt enterprise's partial control right through constructing and analyzing the bank loan model and control right model, meanwhile, the corresponding proportion of control right is derived through the model.
Compared to the traditional supply chain structure, the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain is formed on the basis of the bank and the core enterprise strategic alliance. It is result of transforming the traditional supply chain. The bank-enterprise alliance supply chain is not simple combination of existing supply chain and the bank. It has stable binuclear structure and has became complex net chain structure. This structure can avoid the malpractice that easily broken of traditional supply chain, the one-way transmission of the information, and the questions of node enterprises in the supply chain create the entire supply chain system paralysis. Also causes informational transmission in the entire supply chain to be smoother and its core competitiveness is increased.
It is very important for the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain to establish the effective operational mechanism so that it can move smoothly. Therefore the operational mechanism will be discussed from the following aspects: realizing enterprise's information sharing by establishing the double loop information sharing model; establishing the supply chain incentive mechanism from reducing contradiction of the supply chain, reducing the bank's risk as well as strengthening the cooperation and coordinated between the bank and the enterprise.
The innovation of enterprise need the investment of capital and knowledge. The enterprises in the supply chain have the supplementary knowledge. Through enhancing the enthusiasm of the supplier to participate in the innovation, the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain may cause the more supply chain enterprise to participate in the innovation. Through enlarging the financial backing of the bank as well as increasing the investment of the innovation resources from the supply chain enterprise, it can promote the quality and the quantity of the enterprise innovation. Therefore the innovation ability of the entire supply chain can be improved.
There are environmental risk, structure risk, information risk, credit risk and so on. Traditional methods of solving the supply chain credit risk existence defect. The bank-enterprise alliance supply chain can keep watch bank-enterprise alliance supply chain's risk through speeding up the cash-flowing, coordinating supply chain's logistics, cash-flow and information flow, strengthening the weak links in the supply chain, enhancing its stability, improving financing environment, enhancing supply chain's anti-risk ability to reduce supply chain's credit risk. At the same time, the monitoring role, the coordinating role and the early warning role of the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain can reduce the risk.
Finally, using these theories and methods comprehensively, aiming at the small and medium-sized enterprise's financial difficulties, the paper has discussed the small and medium-sized enterprise financing pattern based on the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain.
在银行与核心企业组成银企联盟的基础上,组建银企联盟供应链,使银行成为供应链的网络组成部分,是加强并密切银行与企业合作关系的途径,可以有效地解决供应链金融存在的问题。因为在银企联盟供应链中,银行可以有效地监控整个供应链的运作,降低银行的信贷风险;发挥银行的中介和金融支持功能,促进供应链企业的融资;加强银企之间的信息沟通与共享,促进银行与供应链企业之间的合作,增加各自的核心竞争力,达到银企多方共赢的目的。为此,本文就银行与供应链企业之间银企联盟供应链的构建以及相关机制的建立、银行对供应链及其企业的监控、银企间信息共享的实现等问题进行研讨。
在介绍供应链金融概念的基础上,通过深圳发展银行供应链金融的具体实践,进一步了解和分析了供应链金融的运作模式及其特点、作用。认为供应链金融存在局限性和风险问题,供应链金融所依赖的风险规避机制存在失灵的可能,银行与核心企业的关系是解决问题的关键,银行与供应链的核心企业应建立起新的合作关系。从UPS的企业与银行有机结合,较好解决供应链金融运行中问题的经验获得启发,提出在银行与供应链核心企业建立银企战略联盟并形成较为稳固的银企关系的基础上,组建银企联盟供应链,以解决供应链金融存在的不足和风险问题。
银行与企业间的关系应是相互依存的信用合作关系,建立银企战略联盟可以更加密切这种关系,成为利益的共同体。通过国内外银企战略联盟的案例,探讨建立银企战略联盟的基础条件,认为银行通过与企业建立战略联盟,参与企业运营,使银行的监控成本得到有效控制,并提高了联盟的效率和稳定性。通过构建和分析银行放贷模型和企业控制权配置模型,说明银行应该拥有企业的部分控制权,同时通过模型导出银行拥有企业控制权的相应比例。
与传统的供应链结构不同,银企联盟供应链是在银行和核心企业组成战略联盟基础上所构成的供应链,是对传统的供应链改造。银企联盟供应链也不是一个现有的供应链和银行的简单组合,它具有一个比传统供应链更为稳定的双核结构,系统为复杂网链结构,避免了简单网链结构容易断裂、信息单向传递、中间环节问题会造成整个供应链系统瘫痪的弊端,使得整个供应链信息的传递更为流畅透明,供应链的核心竞争力得以增强。
银企联盟供应链的正常运行,需要通过有效的运行机制得以保证。为此进一步探讨了建立在降低交易成本上的银企联盟供应链效益机制;通过建立双回路信息共享模型实现企业的信息共享机制;从减少供应链矛盾、降低银行的风险以及加强银企之间合作与协调等几个方面建立银企联盟供应链激励机制。
企业创新需要资金的投入和知识的投入,供应链企业具有知识的互补性。银企联盟供应链通过提高供应商参与创新的积极性,可以使更多的供应链企业参与到创新中;通过加大银行对企业创新的金融支持力度以及增加供应链企业对创新资源的投入,促进企业创新数量的增加和质量的改善,从而提高供应链企业的整体创新能力。
供应链存在环境风险、结构风险、信息风险、信用风险等风险问题,传统的解决供应链信用风险的方法存在缺陷,而银企联盟供应链则通过加快资金的流动,协调供应链的物流、资金流、信息流,加强薄弱环节,增强供应链的稳定,改善融资环境,提高供应链的抗风险能力等降降低供应链的信用风险。同时,银企联盟供应链的监控作用、协调作用和预警作用,也具有防范银企联盟供应链风险的功能。
最后,通过综合运用前面研究的理论和方法,针对我国中小企业融资难的具体情况,在银企联盟供应链基础上对中小企业的融资进行了探讨。
With the rapid development of information technology and the emergence of economic globalization, supply chain has been became a new business model used in manufacturing management since the 1990s. the bank Carries on the innovation to develop the financial supply chain for meeting the need of the supply chain. On the basis of practice, there have made progress in the supply chain management, the supply chain finance theory as well as the associated theoretical research. But there are still some unresolved issues, such as the problems of cooperation and trustworthiness between bank and enterprise; risk proliferation may be caused by supply chain finance; information sharing between bank and enterprise, etc. All of them affect the application and promotion of supply chain management and supply chain finance.
It is a good way to strengthen and close the cooperation between the bank and the enterprises that constructing the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain based the alliance of the bank and the core enterprise. there making the bank become an integral part of the supply chain. It may effectively solve the problem of supply chain finance. In the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain, the bank may effectively monitor the supply chain's operation to reduce credit risk of the bank; the bank plays an intermediary and carries on financial support to promote the financing of enterprises in the supply chain; It strengthens the information sharing between the bank and the enterprise, promotes their cooperation, increases their core competitiveness and serves win-win. this paper has discussed these problems that how to construct the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain, how to establish its operating mechanism, how to monitor the supply chain, how to realize information sharing between the bank and the enterprise, and others.
We can understand the operating model and characteristics of supply chain finance as well as its limitation and risk question, on the foundation of introducing supply chain finance concept and through the concrete practice of Shenzhen Development Bank. We think the risk circumvention mechanism of supply chain finance has the possibility malfunction. It is hlepful in solving the problem that the bank and the core enterprise of supply chain establish the good cooperative relation. The paper puts up with the solution that insufficiency and risk question of supply chain finance, through establishing the strategic alliance of bank and enterprise to form the stable bank-enterprise relation, then setting up the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain by the inspiration that the organic synthesis of the UPS enterprise and the bank can effectively solve the operating questions of the supply chain finance.
The bank and the enterprise need to establish the relationship of credit cooperation, so it is necessary to set up bank-enterprise strategic alliance. Through the cases of domestic and foreign bank-enterprise strategic alliance, exploring basic requirements of establishing bank-enterprise strategic alliance, by participating enterprise operation, the monitoring costs of bank will be under the active control, the efficiency and the stability of the alliance will be enhanced by establishing bank-enterprise strategic alliance. The bank needs to have the debt enterprise's partial control right through constructing and analyzing the bank loan model and control right model, meanwhile, the corresponding proportion of control right is derived through the model.
Compared to the traditional supply chain structure, the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain is formed on the basis of the bank and the core enterprise strategic alliance. It is result of transforming the traditional supply chain. The bank-enterprise alliance supply chain is not simple combination of existing supply chain and the bank. It has stable binuclear structure and has became complex net chain structure. This structure can avoid the malpractice that easily broken of traditional supply chain, the one-way transmission of the information, and the questions of node enterprises in the supply chain create the entire supply chain system paralysis. Also causes informational transmission in the entire supply chain to be smoother and its core competitiveness is increased.
It is very important for the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain to establish the effective operational mechanism so that it can move smoothly. Therefore the operational mechanism will be discussed from the following aspects: realizing enterprise's information sharing by establishing the double loop information sharing model; establishing the supply chain incentive mechanism from reducing contradiction of the supply chain, reducing the bank's risk as well as strengthening the cooperation and coordinated between the bank and the enterprise.
The innovation of enterprise need the investment of capital and knowledge. The enterprises in the supply chain have the supplementary knowledge. Through enhancing the enthusiasm of the supplier to participate in the innovation, the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain may cause the more supply chain enterprise to participate in the innovation. Through enlarging the financial backing of the bank as well as increasing the investment of the innovation resources from the supply chain enterprise, it can promote the quality and the quantity of the enterprise innovation. Therefore the innovation ability of the entire supply chain can be improved.
There are environmental risk, structure risk, information risk, credit risk and so on. Traditional methods of solving the supply chain credit risk existence defect. The bank-enterprise alliance supply chain can keep watch bank-enterprise alliance supply chain's risk through speeding up the cash-flowing, coordinating supply chain's logistics, cash-flow and information flow, strengthening the weak links in the supply chain, enhancing its stability, improving financing environment, enhancing supply chain's anti-risk ability to reduce supply chain's credit risk. At the same time, the monitoring role, the coordinating role and the early warning role of the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain can reduce the risk.
Finally, using these theories and methods comprehensively, aiming at the small and medium-sized enterprise's financial difficulties, the paper has discussed the small and medium-sized enterprise financing pattern based on the bank-enterprise alliance supply chain.
引文
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