基于物联网技术的森林火灾监测研究
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摘要
森林火灾灾害在全球几乎所有地区时有发生,其产生的危害十分严重,给火灾发生地的生态、社会、经济等方面都造成了巨大的损失。监测森林区域环境主要关键因子可以预测该区域的火灾发生风险分析的重要组成环节,并为森林火灾的前期预测和制定灭火方案提供真实可靠的数据来源。由于森林一般覆盖面积很大,所处地区偏僻,交通不便,多是无人或少人的值守区域,在风大、天气干燥的季节,一旦火灾发生,如果不能及时发现,火灾将迅速蔓延。等到发现火情时,很难以控制局面,因此对森林火灾的监测已成为当务之急,目前对森林火灾监测的手段主要集中在人工巡逻,瞭望塔观测,视频监测、机巡逻监测和卫星监测方面。由于感知、传输、数据挖掘分析等物联网技术的兴起,对森林火灾监测区域现场温度、湿度等数据的高精度的自动监测,并利用这样数据,进行数据挖掘分析,成为有效预测森林火灾、减少森林火灾危害的一个重要研究方向。
本文根据森林火灾监测的需要,结合物联网技术,应用ZigBee无线传感器网络,GPRS数据通信、Internet和计算机软件等技术,构建了基于物联网技术的森林监测区域现场温度、相对湿度等森林火灾关键因子的远程实时监测系统。本文对构建基于物联网技术的森林火灾监测关键性技术问题进行了分析研究,主要完成了以下工作：
(1)在介绍了当前物联网技术的发展趋势的基础上,分析了物联网的体系结构,对基于物联网技术的森林火灾监测要达到的目标进行了分析,并提出了森林火灾监测的总体方案和物联网三层架构各层的工作任务；
(2)在物联网的感知层,选择无线传感器网络负责数据的采集。接下来分析比较了几种主流无线短程通讯协议后,结合森林火灾监测的特点,选择zigBee协议为无线传感器网络的通讯协议。将基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络应用在森林火灾监测系统中,能大大提高网络的可扩展性,降低设备维护的成本,优化整个网络系统。给出了传感器网络节点的组网方案,选择设计了传感器模块节点,并完成了无线传感器网络节点软件的设计。
(3)在物联网的网络层,选择GPR、Internet网络为数据的传输网络。分析设计了负责建立数据链路通道的PPP协议；选择设计了GPRS无线数据透明传输终端,该终端负责无线传感器网络与外网之间的数据传递；GPRS无线数据透明传输终端能实现数据的透明传输,其GPRS模块硬件芯片内嵌了TCP/IP协议,用户不需要知道复杂的协议,对使用者来说,降低了软件协议开发成本。汇聚节点(GPRS无线数据透明传输终端)通过GPRS和Internet网络交互无线传感器网络和森林火灾监测中心的数据；此外,设计了GPRS无线数据透明传输终端的组网方案和汇聚节点口串口收发程序。
(4)分析设计森林火灾监测中心硬件配置。以C#为物联网应用层主要软件开发平台,开发森林火灾监测中心软件服务平台,实现与森林火灾监测区域的实时数据通讯、存储、显示功能；历史和当前气象、历史火情数据等的查询功能；综合相关数据,分析当前森林火灾监测区域相关数据,提供森林火灾预警等功能。
本文应用先进的物联网技术到森林火灾监测中的研究,提供了一种用很少的人力和财力的情况下,实现对森林火灾监测现场区域的远程实时监测的可行方案,对预防和减少森林火灾的发生,推进我国森林火灾监测工作的信息化、智能化提供了一种新的思路。
Forest fire disaster happens occasionally in all regions in this world, the damage is very serious. It brings huge losses to the ecological, social and economic fields. Monitoring the key factors of forest regional environment is the most important part of risk analysis, which can predict fires in the region, and can supply true and reliable source of data for forest fire preliminary forecast and drawing up fire-extinguishing system. As the forest-covered area is usually big, remote and inaccessible, and no people or few people is on duty there, once the fire broke out in wind and dry season, the fire will spread rapidly if haven't discovered the fire in time. When discovered the fire, it is already difficult to control the situation. Therefore monitoring of forest fires has become a top priority. The current means of monitoring of forest fires mainly are artificial patrols, observation tower, video monitoring, machine monitoring and satellite monitoring patrols. Due to the rise of perception, transmission, data mining analysis, and the Internet of Things technology, automatic monitoring temperature, humidity and other data, high-precision of forest fire field, and use such data for data mining analysis, an effective prediction of forest fires, reduce the Forest fire hazard have become an important research direction.
Based on the need for forest fire monitoring, combined with Internet of Things technology and apply ZigBee wireless sensor networks, GPRS data communication, Internet and computer software technology, object-based networking technology, this paper has built remote monitoring system of forest monitoring on the key factors of forest fires, such as on-site temperature, relative humidity and so on. In this paper, analyzes the critical technical issues of fire forest monitor, which is based on internet of thing. This paper is mainly to complete the following work:
(1) Based on introduced the trend of internet of thing, analyzes the architecture of the Internet of Things, and objectives of Things technology-based forest fire monitoring, and presents the general three-tier program and layers of things work tasks of monitoring of forest fires.
(2)Select the wireless sensor network for data collection in the perception of things layer. Next after analyzed and compared several major wireless short-range communication protocol, according to the characteristics of forest fire monitoring, select the ZigBee protocol for wireless sensor network communication protocols. Applying ZigBee-based wireless sensor network in forest fire monitoring system, can greatly improve the network scalability, lower maintenance costs and optimize the whole network system. Present the network programs of sensor network node, select and design the sensor module node, and complete the design of wireless sensor network node software.
(3) The network layer of things, select GPRS, Internet network for data transmission networks. Analysis and design the PPP data link protocol, which is responsible for establishing data channels; select GPRS wireless data transparent transmission terminal, the terminal is responsible for data transfer between wireless sensor networks and the external network; GPRS wireless data transmission terminal can achieve transparent and transparent transmission of data, The GPRS module hardware chip embedded TCP/IP protocol, the user need not know the complexity of the agreement, for the user, which can reduce the software protocol development costs. Sink node (GPRS wireless data transmission transparent terminal) interact through the GPRS and Internet networks wireless sensor networks and data centers to monitor forest fires; In addition, design the data network scheme of GPRS wireless transparent transmission and converge the terminal serial port transceiver node procedure.
(4) Take C # as the main things the application layer software development platforms, develop forest fire monitoring center software platform, implement monitoring forest fires' regional real-time data communications, storage and display, and implement Query capabilities of historical fire and current weather data; composite relative data, analyze the current area of forest fire monitoring data, to provide early warning of forest fires and other functions.
In this paper, apply the advanced Internet of Things technology to forest fire monitoring network research. Presents a possible option,which is forest fire remote real-time monitoring by using a few human and financial, which provides a new way of thinking of for the prevention and reduction of forest Fires, and promote the work of forest fire monitoring information, intelligence.
本文根据森林火灾监测的需要,结合物联网技术,应用ZigBee无线传感器网络,GPRS数据通信、Internet和计算机软件等技术,构建了基于物联网技术的森林监测区域现场温度、相对湿度等森林火灾关键因子的远程实时监测系统。本文对构建基于物联网技术的森林火灾监测关键性技术问题进行了分析研究,主要完成了以下工作：
(1)在介绍了当前物联网技术的发展趋势的基础上,分析了物联网的体系结构,对基于物联网技术的森林火灾监测要达到的目标进行了分析,并提出了森林火灾监测的总体方案和物联网三层架构各层的工作任务；
(2)在物联网的感知层,选择无线传感器网络负责数据的采集。接下来分析比较了几种主流无线短程通讯协议后,结合森林火灾监测的特点,选择zigBee协议为无线传感器网络的通讯协议。将基于ZigBee的无线传感器网络应用在森林火灾监测系统中,能大大提高网络的可扩展性,降低设备维护的成本,优化整个网络系统。给出了传感器网络节点的组网方案,选择设计了传感器模块节点,并完成了无线传感器网络节点软件的设计。
(3)在物联网的网络层,选择GPR、Internet网络为数据的传输网络。分析设计了负责建立数据链路通道的PPP协议；选择设计了GPRS无线数据透明传输终端,该终端负责无线传感器网络与外网之间的数据传递；GPRS无线数据透明传输终端能实现数据的透明传输,其GPRS模块硬件芯片内嵌了TCP/IP协议,用户不需要知道复杂的协议,对使用者来说,降低了软件协议开发成本。汇聚节点(GPRS无线数据透明传输终端)通过GPRS和Internet网络交互无线传感器网络和森林火灾监测中心的数据；此外,设计了GPRS无线数据透明传输终端的组网方案和汇聚节点口串口收发程序。
(4)分析设计森林火灾监测中心硬件配置。以C#为物联网应用层主要软件开发平台,开发森林火灾监测中心软件服务平台,实现与森林火灾监测区域的实时数据通讯、存储、显示功能；历史和当前气象、历史火情数据等的查询功能；综合相关数据,分析当前森林火灾监测区域相关数据,提供森林火灾预警等功能。
本文应用先进的物联网技术到森林火灾监测中的研究,提供了一种用很少的人力和财力的情况下,实现对森林火灾监测现场区域的远程实时监测的可行方案,对预防和减少森林火灾的发生,推进我国森林火灾监测工作的信息化、智能化提供了一种新的思路。
Forest fire disaster happens occasionally in all regions in this world, the damage is very serious. It brings huge losses to the ecological, social and economic fields. Monitoring the key factors of forest regional environment is the most important part of risk analysis, which can predict fires in the region, and can supply true and reliable source of data for forest fire preliminary forecast and drawing up fire-extinguishing system. As the forest-covered area is usually big, remote and inaccessible, and no people or few people is on duty there, once the fire broke out in wind and dry season, the fire will spread rapidly if haven't discovered the fire in time. When discovered the fire, it is already difficult to control the situation. Therefore monitoring of forest fires has become a top priority. The current means of monitoring of forest fires mainly are artificial patrols, observation tower, video monitoring, machine monitoring and satellite monitoring patrols. Due to the rise of perception, transmission, data mining analysis, and the Internet of Things technology, automatic monitoring temperature, humidity and other data, high-precision of forest fire field, and use such data for data mining analysis, an effective prediction of forest fires, reduce the Forest fire hazard have become an important research direction.
Based on the need for forest fire monitoring, combined with Internet of Things technology and apply ZigBee wireless sensor networks, GPRS data communication, Internet and computer software technology, object-based networking technology, this paper has built remote monitoring system of forest monitoring on the key factors of forest fires, such as on-site temperature, relative humidity and so on. In this paper, analyzes the critical technical issues of fire forest monitor, which is based on internet of thing. This paper is mainly to complete the following work:
(1) Based on introduced the trend of internet of thing, analyzes the architecture of the Internet of Things, and objectives of Things technology-based forest fire monitoring, and presents the general three-tier program and layers of things work tasks of monitoring of forest fires.
(2)Select the wireless sensor network for data collection in the perception of things layer. Next after analyzed and compared several major wireless short-range communication protocol, according to the characteristics of forest fire monitoring, select the ZigBee protocol for wireless sensor network communication protocols. Applying ZigBee-based wireless sensor network in forest fire monitoring system, can greatly improve the network scalability, lower maintenance costs and optimize the whole network system. Present the network programs of sensor network node, select and design the sensor module node, and complete the design of wireless sensor network node software.
(3) The network layer of things, select GPRS, Internet network for data transmission networks. Analysis and design the PPP data link protocol, which is responsible for establishing data channels; select GPRS wireless data transparent transmission terminal, the terminal is responsible for data transfer between wireless sensor networks and the external network; GPRS wireless data transmission terminal can achieve transparent and transparent transmission of data, The GPRS module hardware chip embedded TCP/IP protocol, the user need not know the complexity of the agreement, for the user, which can reduce the software protocol development costs. Sink node (GPRS wireless data transmission transparent terminal) interact through the GPRS and Internet networks wireless sensor networks and data centers to monitor forest fires; In addition, design the data network scheme of GPRS wireless transparent transmission and converge the terminal serial port transceiver node procedure.
(4) Take C # as the main things the application layer software development platforms, develop forest fire monitoring center software platform, implement monitoring forest fires' regional real-time data communications, storage and display, and implement Query capabilities of historical fire and current weather data; composite relative data, analyze the current area of forest fire monitoring data, to provide early warning of forest fires and other functions.
In this paper, apply the advanced Internet of Things technology to forest fire monitoring network research. Presents a possible option,which is forest fire remote real-time monitoring by using a few human and financial, which provides a new way of thinking of for the prevention and reduction of forest Fires, and promote the work of forest fire monitoring information, intelligence.
引文
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