基于SWAT模型的平原区农业非点源污染模拟研究
|
摘要
我国水环境形势十分严峻,农业非点源污染已经成为水环境恶化和湖泊富营养化的重要原因。因此,控制农业非点源污染、保护生态环境对实现我国农业、资源和环境协调发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。
太湖流域作为我国第三大淡水湖,随着经济的发展,社会水平的提高,目前水环境已经处于富营养化状态,农业非点源污染已经成为太湖水污染的主要来源之一,并将成为工业和城市点源污染得到控制后所要面对的最主要污染源。杭嘉湖地区作为太湖流域的八大水系之一,是浙江省水污染较为严重的地区之一,平原河网90%以上的监测断面不能满足水功能要求,京杭运河浙江境内全部河段水质均不能满足功能区水质目标。其中,农业非点源污染是其主要的污染源,大量化肥流失及其对水环境的影响日益严重并受到人们的关注。鉴于此,本研究结合运用水文学,地理学,景观生态学和环境学等在这一领域的已有研究成果,利用GIS技术,着重从环境学和景观生态学的角度,进行杭嘉湖区域的农业非点源污染模拟研究,分析不同土地利用和景观格局的动态变化,提出控制流域非点源污染的最佳管理技术体系和景观优化方案,对保护农业水环境具有现实意义。主要研究内容和结论如下：
1、建立杭嘉湖区域非点源污染基础数据库。
以RS与GIS技术为支持,构建了研究区数字高程模型(DEM),土地利用/覆被和土壤类型等一系列非点源污染的空间数据库；通过资料收集,调查统计和野外监测采样,结合实验室试验,构建研究区非点源污染的属性数据库。
2、进行农业非点源污染源解析和杭嘉湖区域京杭运河嘉兴段小流域的污染物时空分布规律研究。
以GIS技术为平台,对研究区的污染源进行分析,明确了农业非点源污染在研究区域所占的分量。结果表明,杭嘉湖地区农业化肥产生的氮磷含量远远大于生活面源和畜禽养殖,排放量大小顺序为农业化肥>畜禽养殖>生活面源。其中,嘉兴市产生的氮磷排放量相对比较大,对水环境影响比较大；NH4+-N的排放量相对集中在嘉兴和余杭。
选取嘉兴双桥农场附近的京杭运河嘉兴段进行营养物时空分布规律研究。NH4+-N高峰值主要集中在4月,7月以及9月到10月期间,最高值在7月份。居民区,农田和养殖场附近的水体污染程度比较严重。
3、分析和评价SWAT模型在杭嘉湖区域的适用性和可靠性。
针对杭嘉湖区域中两种不同的地形(平原和山地)进行模型模拟研究,分别选取代表性小流域王江泾和杭长桥,对模型的关键性参数进行敏感性分析,结果显示：对径流影响最大的敏感参数是曲线数(CN2),土壤有效含水量(Soil_AWC),蒸发补偿因子(ESCO)。并且利用2002-2005年的实测数据对模型参数进行率定和验证,采用决定系数R2和Nash-Suttcliffe系数E对模拟结果进行评价,结果证明SWAT模型对杭嘉湖地区的非点源污染模拟具有一定的适用性,可用于研究区非点源污染的模拟研究。
4、从时空变化、土地利用程度变化和土地利用类型转移等方面,对杭嘉湖的土地利用结构和动态变化进行分析研究。
2000-2004年间,杭嘉湖地区土地利用类型主要以耕地和林地为主,五年期间二者的变化趋势一直是面积在减小。杭嘉湖区域西部山区的土地利用类型的主要变化特征为：2000-2004年间城镇用地面积增加最多,其次是旱地和水域。东部平原水网区的土地利用类型的主要变化特征为：2000-2004年间土地利用类型面积变化趋势类似于西部山区,城镇用地面积增加最多,其次是水域。而农村居民点、水田和旱地面积都在减少。2000-2004年间研究区域土地利用变化的数量很大,表现为城镇建设用地、水田、农村居民地和水域的变化。主要发生的土地利用类型转化为：水田转化为有林地、城镇用地、水域、旱地和农村居民地。
5、根据提取的研究区域景观格局指数,分析了研究区景观格局动态演变过程。
针对2000年和2004年的两期景观类型栅格图进行计算分析,斑块密度、斑块数目和形状指数呈上升趋势,最大斑块指数呈现下降趋势,说明整体景观有破碎化的倾向。
6、针对杭嘉湖区域的土地利用类型的空间分布特征,东部平原河网区耕地和城镇用地占主要部分,起着“源”的作用,产生污染量相对比较大,所以,相对来说,东部平原水网区地表水质比较差。而西部山地丘陵区域大部分面积为林地,起着“汇”的作用,并且林地具有截留、过滤等作用,所以,相对于东部来说,地表水环境相对较好。
7、针对杭嘉湖农业非点源污染特征,对非点源污染控制与治理的措施进行探讨性研究。结合景观生态学的观点,针对杭嘉湖地区特殊的景观组合,从水环境保护的需求出发,尝试性的探讨以保护水体质量为目标的景观格局优化方案。
Lakes, water reservoirs, and streams, which are the most valuable sources of drinking water for the earth's population, are vulnerable to pollution and degradation of water quality, particularly to eutrophication. Accelerated eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs is the most serious degradation of water quality in China during the last decades. With the effective control of industry point source pollution, the agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution has already become the main pollution source in water environment nowadays, which resulted in Water body worsen and Lake deteriorated. Therefore, it has the important theoretical and practical significance to control agricultural NPS and protect the ecological environment for the development of the agriculture, resource and environment.
With the development of economy and society, the issue on water eutrophication becomes one of the greatest challenges in the third largest fresh lake in China, the Taihu lake.90 percent of the river network in HangJiaHu region, Zhejiang province, one of the eight water system in the Taihu basin, do not meet the need for the water function. Also the water quality of the Jinghang canal in the Zhejiang province do not attain the water quality standard for grade III. Nitrogen and phosphorus losses in agricultural non-point source has been attracted more and more attention since it becomes one of major factors in resulting in eutrophication of surface waters after controlling the industry and urban point source. An interdisciplinary exploration of the intersection among hydrology, geography, landscape ecology and environment science is encouraged. We researched on the agricultural NPS simulation in HangJiaHu area with the integration of the Geographic information system (GIS) and environmental model. Moreover, we analyzed the dynamic change of land use and landscape pattern based on the point of view for environment science and landscape ecology. Finally, We advanced the best management technology system and optimized the landscape pattern which has the very realism significance for protecting the water environment. The main content and results are as follows:
1、The foundation database of HangJiaHu region non-point source pollution simulation research is established. Based on the remote sensing and GIS, we built the spatial database including the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), two different periods land use/land cover type maps, soil type map. Moreover, we built the attribution database including the collecting data, investigation data and observed data outside and the data in the lab.
2、We investigated the agricultural non-point source pollution in HangJiaHu region and analyzed spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the typical Jiaxing segment of Jinghang canal. Based on the GIS technology, we analyzed the pollution sources and defined the agricultural NPS percent in the study area. Our results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus loss from agricultural fertilizer to the water environment is far larger than those of sewage and livestock. The losses order is agricultural fertilizer> livestock> sewage. In the HangJiaHu region, nitrogen and phosphorus loss from Jiaxing city to water environment is larger than the other areas. NH4+-N emissed mostly in Jiaxing and Yuhang. We selected the Jiaxing segment water of Jinghang canal as the experiment field where we surveyed the water pollution environment, monitored, sampled and laboratory experiments. The results showed the larger value of NH4+-N appeared in April, July and September to October in the temporal distribution. The largest value appeared in July. In the spatial distribution, the water in the vicinity of the residential areas, farms and breed fields were more seriously destroyed. The different land use types in conservation directly affect the different levels of nutrients for contributions of water pollution.
3、Through SWAT model adjusting, simulating and verifying, the service ability and reliability of SWAT model are analyzed and evaluated in HangJiaHu region. In this paper, based on the landform, we divided Hangjiahu region into two parts, one as the west hill area of Hangjiahu, and the other as the east plain river network. Thus, the result showed the representation in the different landform. We considered sensitivity analysis for the specific parameters of the model, the results indicated:sensitive parameter which has the greatest influence on the runoff is Curve number (CN2), Soil available water content (Soil_AWC), Soil evaporation coefficient (ESCO). Moreover, based on the 2002-2005 observed data, these parameters were calibrated and validated for the surface runoff volume and nutrient loads in HangJiaHu region. Coefficient R2 and Nash-Suttcliffe coefficient E were selected to evaluate the simulation results. Simulated results closely matched with the observed data. It confirmed that SWAT model could simulate runoff and nutrient loads quite well, particularly in this complex region.
4、Based on the spatial and temporal changes of land resources amount, land use degree and transition of land use types, this paper analyzed land use structure and dynamic change of land use types in the HangJiaHu region. Land use types in the HangJiaHu region focus on farmland and woodland which area diminished in 2000-2004. The main features of land use types in the western hill area of Hangjiahu region are:the increased area of urban land was the largest in the land use types whose areas increased, followed by Dry land and Water body between 2000-2004. The main features of land use types in the eastern plain area of HangJiaHu region are: Urban area has the highest increase in all the land use types for the increasing area, followed by Water body between 2000-2004. However, farmers' settlement, Paddy fields and Dry land area reduced during this period. Land use changes were mainly Urban land, Paddy land and the Residential area in rural areas between 2000-2004. At the same time, the area of Water body changed largely with serious soil erosion. The transition between land use types has occurred mainly as:the paddy land were converted to Forest land, Urban land, Water body, Dry land and Farmers' Settlement.
5、As far as the landscape grid maps in 2000 and 2004 period is concerned, we selected the landscape indice such as patch density, patch number, shape index, and the largest patch index (LPI) to analyze the landscape pattern. The results showed patch density, patch number and shape index appeared the increase trend, the largest patch index (LPI) indicated the reduce trend. It suggests the whole landscape had a fragmentation trend.
6、Based on the spatial distribution pattern of land use types for HangJiaHu region, it showed the farm land and urban land in the eastern plain river network are the main land use type playing the role of "source". The amount of pollution from the "source" is relatively large. Therefore, the surface water quality of Eastern plain area was poor. While most of the mountainous and hilly areas in the western area of forest land, play the role of "load", which works with the intercept or filtering functions. Consequently, the surface water quality in the western is better than that of the eastern of the study area. The function of the "source" and "load" in the landscape has great impact on the nonpoint source. "Source" makes a function for making pollution and "load" make the function for the transportation. The results give a good advice for controlling the water pollution and protecting the water environment.
7、As far as the HangJiaHu agricultural non-point source pollution characteristics is concerned, we analysed the best management technology system to measure non-point source pollution control which has been put forward. We also proposed the optimizing landscape project for the policy and management department integrated with the view of landscape ecology.
太湖流域作为我国第三大淡水湖,随着经济的发展,社会水平的提高,目前水环境已经处于富营养化状态,农业非点源污染已经成为太湖水污染的主要来源之一,并将成为工业和城市点源污染得到控制后所要面对的最主要污染源。杭嘉湖地区作为太湖流域的八大水系之一,是浙江省水污染较为严重的地区之一,平原河网90%以上的监测断面不能满足水功能要求,京杭运河浙江境内全部河段水质均不能满足功能区水质目标。其中,农业非点源污染是其主要的污染源,大量化肥流失及其对水环境的影响日益严重并受到人们的关注。鉴于此,本研究结合运用水文学,地理学,景观生态学和环境学等在这一领域的已有研究成果,利用GIS技术,着重从环境学和景观生态学的角度,进行杭嘉湖区域的农业非点源污染模拟研究,分析不同土地利用和景观格局的动态变化,提出控制流域非点源污染的最佳管理技术体系和景观优化方案,对保护农业水环境具有现实意义。主要研究内容和结论如下：
1、建立杭嘉湖区域非点源污染基础数据库。
以RS与GIS技术为支持,构建了研究区数字高程模型(DEM),土地利用/覆被和土壤类型等一系列非点源污染的空间数据库；通过资料收集,调查统计和野外监测采样,结合实验室试验,构建研究区非点源污染的属性数据库。
2、进行农业非点源污染源解析和杭嘉湖区域京杭运河嘉兴段小流域的污染物时空分布规律研究。
以GIS技术为平台,对研究区的污染源进行分析,明确了农业非点源污染在研究区域所占的分量。结果表明,杭嘉湖地区农业化肥产生的氮磷含量远远大于生活面源和畜禽养殖,排放量大小顺序为农业化肥>畜禽养殖>生活面源。其中,嘉兴市产生的氮磷排放量相对比较大,对水环境影响比较大；NH4+-N的排放量相对集中在嘉兴和余杭。
选取嘉兴双桥农场附近的京杭运河嘉兴段进行营养物时空分布规律研究。NH4+-N高峰值主要集中在4月,7月以及9月到10月期间,最高值在7月份。居民区,农田和养殖场附近的水体污染程度比较严重。
3、分析和评价SWAT模型在杭嘉湖区域的适用性和可靠性。
针对杭嘉湖区域中两种不同的地形(平原和山地)进行模型模拟研究,分别选取代表性小流域王江泾和杭长桥,对模型的关键性参数进行敏感性分析,结果显示：对径流影响最大的敏感参数是曲线数(CN2),土壤有效含水量(Soil_AWC),蒸发补偿因子(ESCO)。并且利用2002-2005年的实测数据对模型参数进行率定和验证,采用决定系数R2和Nash-Suttcliffe系数E对模拟结果进行评价,结果证明SWAT模型对杭嘉湖地区的非点源污染模拟具有一定的适用性,可用于研究区非点源污染的模拟研究。
4、从时空变化、土地利用程度变化和土地利用类型转移等方面,对杭嘉湖的土地利用结构和动态变化进行分析研究。
2000-2004年间,杭嘉湖地区土地利用类型主要以耕地和林地为主,五年期间二者的变化趋势一直是面积在减小。杭嘉湖区域西部山区的土地利用类型的主要变化特征为：2000-2004年间城镇用地面积增加最多,其次是旱地和水域。东部平原水网区的土地利用类型的主要变化特征为：2000-2004年间土地利用类型面积变化趋势类似于西部山区,城镇用地面积增加最多,其次是水域。而农村居民点、水田和旱地面积都在减少。2000-2004年间研究区域土地利用变化的数量很大,表现为城镇建设用地、水田、农村居民地和水域的变化。主要发生的土地利用类型转化为：水田转化为有林地、城镇用地、水域、旱地和农村居民地。
5、根据提取的研究区域景观格局指数,分析了研究区景观格局动态演变过程。
针对2000年和2004年的两期景观类型栅格图进行计算分析,斑块密度、斑块数目和形状指数呈上升趋势,最大斑块指数呈现下降趋势,说明整体景观有破碎化的倾向。
6、针对杭嘉湖区域的土地利用类型的空间分布特征,东部平原河网区耕地和城镇用地占主要部分,起着“源”的作用,产生污染量相对比较大,所以,相对来说,东部平原水网区地表水质比较差。而西部山地丘陵区域大部分面积为林地,起着“汇”的作用,并且林地具有截留、过滤等作用,所以,相对于东部来说,地表水环境相对较好。
7、针对杭嘉湖农业非点源污染特征,对非点源污染控制与治理的措施进行探讨性研究。结合景观生态学的观点,针对杭嘉湖地区特殊的景观组合,从水环境保护的需求出发,尝试性的探讨以保护水体质量为目标的景观格局优化方案。
Lakes, water reservoirs, and streams, which are the most valuable sources of drinking water for the earth's population, are vulnerable to pollution and degradation of water quality, particularly to eutrophication. Accelerated eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs is the most serious degradation of water quality in China during the last decades. With the effective control of industry point source pollution, the agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution has already become the main pollution source in water environment nowadays, which resulted in Water body worsen and Lake deteriorated. Therefore, it has the important theoretical and practical significance to control agricultural NPS and protect the ecological environment for the development of the agriculture, resource and environment.
With the development of economy and society, the issue on water eutrophication becomes one of the greatest challenges in the third largest fresh lake in China, the Taihu lake.90 percent of the river network in HangJiaHu region, Zhejiang province, one of the eight water system in the Taihu basin, do not meet the need for the water function. Also the water quality of the Jinghang canal in the Zhejiang province do not attain the water quality standard for grade III. Nitrogen and phosphorus losses in agricultural non-point source has been attracted more and more attention since it becomes one of major factors in resulting in eutrophication of surface waters after controlling the industry and urban point source. An interdisciplinary exploration of the intersection among hydrology, geography, landscape ecology and environment science is encouraged. We researched on the agricultural NPS simulation in HangJiaHu area with the integration of the Geographic information system (GIS) and environmental model. Moreover, we analyzed the dynamic change of land use and landscape pattern based on the point of view for environment science and landscape ecology. Finally, We advanced the best management technology system and optimized the landscape pattern which has the very realism significance for protecting the water environment. The main content and results are as follows:
1、The foundation database of HangJiaHu region non-point source pollution simulation research is established. Based on the remote sensing and GIS, we built the spatial database including the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), two different periods land use/land cover type maps, soil type map. Moreover, we built the attribution database including the collecting data, investigation data and observed data outside and the data in the lab.
2、We investigated the agricultural non-point source pollution in HangJiaHu region and analyzed spatial and temporal distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants in the typical Jiaxing segment of Jinghang canal. Based on the GIS technology, we analyzed the pollution sources and defined the agricultural NPS percent in the study area. Our results showed that nitrogen and phosphorus loss from agricultural fertilizer to the water environment is far larger than those of sewage and livestock. The losses order is agricultural fertilizer> livestock> sewage. In the HangJiaHu region, nitrogen and phosphorus loss from Jiaxing city to water environment is larger than the other areas. NH4+-N emissed mostly in Jiaxing and Yuhang. We selected the Jiaxing segment water of Jinghang canal as the experiment field where we surveyed the water pollution environment, monitored, sampled and laboratory experiments. The results showed the larger value of NH4+-N appeared in April, July and September to October in the temporal distribution. The largest value appeared in July. In the spatial distribution, the water in the vicinity of the residential areas, farms and breed fields were more seriously destroyed. The different land use types in conservation directly affect the different levels of nutrients for contributions of water pollution.
3、Through SWAT model adjusting, simulating and verifying, the service ability and reliability of SWAT model are analyzed and evaluated in HangJiaHu region. In this paper, based on the landform, we divided Hangjiahu region into two parts, one as the west hill area of Hangjiahu, and the other as the east plain river network. Thus, the result showed the representation in the different landform. We considered sensitivity analysis for the specific parameters of the model, the results indicated:sensitive parameter which has the greatest influence on the runoff is Curve number (CN2), Soil available water content (Soil_AWC), Soil evaporation coefficient (ESCO). Moreover, based on the 2002-2005 observed data, these parameters were calibrated and validated for the surface runoff volume and nutrient loads in HangJiaHu region. Coefficient R2 and Nash-Suttcliffe coefficient E were selected to evaluate the simulation results. Simulated results closely matched with the observed data. It confirmed that SWAT model could simulate runoff and nutrient loads quite well, particularly in this complex region.
4、Based on the spatial and temporal changes of land resources amount, land use degree and transition of land use types, this paper analyzed land use structure and dynamic change of land use types in the HangJiaHu region. Land use types in the HangJiaHu region focus on farmland and woodland which area diminished in 2000-2004. The main features of land use types in the western hill area of Hangjiahu region are:the increased area of urban land was the largest in the land use types whose areas increased, followed by Dry land and Water body between 2000-2004. The main features of land use types in the eastern plain area of HangJiaHu region are: Urban area has the highest increase in all the land use types for the increasing area, followed by Water body between 2000-2004. However, farmers' settlement, Paddy fields and Dry land area reduced during this period. Land use changes were mainly Urban land, Paddy land and the Residential area in rural areas between 2000-2004. At the same time, the area of Water body changed largely with serious soil erosion. The transition between land use types has occurred mainly as:the paddy land were converted to Forest land, Urban land, Water body, Dry land and Farmers' Settlement.
5、As far as the landscape grid maps in 2000 and 2004 period is concerned, we selected the landscape indice such as patch density, patch number, shape index, and the largest patch index (LPI) to analyze the landscape pattern. The results showed patch density, patch number and shape index appeared the increase trend, the largest patch index (LPI) indicated the reduce trend. It suggests the whole landscape had a fragmentation trend.
6、Based on the spatial distribution pattern of land use types for HangJiaHu region, it showed the farm land and urban land in the eastern plain river network are the main land use type playing the role of "source". The amount of pollution from the "source" is relatively large. Therefore, the surface water quality of Eastern plain area was poor. While most of the mountainous and hilly areas in the western area of forest land, play the role of "load", which works with the intercept or filtering functions. Consequently, the surface water quality in the western is better than that of the eastern of the study area. The function of the "source" and "load" in the landscape has great impact on the nonpoint source. "Source" makes a function for making pollution and "load" make the function for the transportation. The results give a good advice for controlling the water pollution and protecting the water environment.
7、As far as the HangJiaHu agricultural non-point source pollution characteristics is concerned, we analysed the best management technology system to measure non-point source pollution control which has been put forward. We also proposed the optimizing landscape project for the policy and management department integrated with the view of landscape ecology.
引文
1) Abbott M.B., Bathurst J.C.,Cunge J.A., et.al.. An introduction to the European hydrological system-systeme hydrologique Europeen,"SHE" I. History and philosophy of a physically-based, distributed modelling system. J. Hydro,1986,87:45-59
2) Andrew A, Millward A, and Janet E.M..Adapting The RUSLE To Model Soil Erosion Potential in A Mountainous Tropical Watershed. Catena 1999,38:109-129
3) Antrop M. Why landscape of the past are important for the future. Landscape and Urban Planning.2005,70:21-34
4) Apicella G., Schuepfer FE, Zuccagnino J, et al. Water-quality modeling of combined sewer overflow effects on Newtown Creek. Water Enviro Res,1996,68:1012-1024
5) Arcy B.D., Frost A.. The role of best management practices in alleviating water quality problems associated with diffuse pollution. Sci Tota Envir.2001(265):359-367
6) Arhonditsis C, Tsirtsis G, Angelidis M, et.al.,Quantification of the effects of nonpoint nutrient sources to coastal marine eutrophication:Applications to a semi-enclosed gulf in the Mediterranean sea.Eco Mod,2000,129:209-227
7) Arnold J.G., Srinivasan R, Muttiah R.S., et al. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I.Model development. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 1998,34(1):73-89
8) Arnold J.G., Srinivasan R, Ramanarayanan T.S, et.al. Water Resources of the Texas Gulf Basin Wat. Sci. Tech,1999,39 (3):121-133.
9) Arnold J.G., Srinivasan R.,Muttiah R.S., et.al. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part Ⅱ:model application. JAWRA,1998,43(1):91-101
10) Arnold J.G., Williams J.R., Nicks A.D., et al. SWRRB:A Basin Scale Simulation Model for Soil and Water Resources Management. Texas:Texas A & M University Press, College Station.1990, pp 125
11) Arnold J.G.,Muttiah R.S.,Srinivasan R,et.al. Regional estimation of base flow and groundwater recharge in the Upper Mississippi rive basin J. Hydro,2000,227:21-40
12) Ascough Ⅱ J.C, Baffaut C, Nearing M.A, et al. The WEPP watershed model Ⅰ. Hydrology and erosion. Trans. ASAE,1997,40(4):921-933
13) Atsushi Ichiki and Kiyoshi Yamada. Study on characteristics of pollutant runoff into Lake Biwa,Japan. Wat Sci and Tech,1999,39(12):17-25
14) Bagnold R.A. Bed load transport by natural rivers.Water Res Resea,1977,13:303
15) Bao Q.S. Progress in the research in aquatic environmental non-point source pollution in China.1997(3):863-872
16) Basnyat P, Teeter L.D., Flynn K.M., et.al.. Relationships between landscape characteristics and non-point source pollution inputs to coastal estuary. Environmental Management,1999, 23(4):539-549
17) Basnyat P,Teeter L.D., Lockaby B.G., et.al.The use of remote sensing and GIS in basin level analyses of Non-point source pollution problems. Forest Eco and Manag,2000,128:65-73
18) Beasley D.B.et.al. ANSWERS:A Model for Watershed Planning. Trans of ASAE,1980, 23(4):938-944
19) Begey M.B, Gonella M, Teatini P, et al. MIKE-SHE application to the recovery project of a former industrial area in Ravenna, Italy, strongly polluted by toxic metals. In:Proceedings of 3rd DHI Software Conference, June 7-11,1999, Helsingor, Denmark.
20) Bicknell B.R, Imhoff J.C, Kittle J.L,et.al. The HSPF Users' Guide, Entitled Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN:User's Manual for Release 11. Environmental Research Laboratory, EPA/600/R-93/174, Athens, GA.1993
21) Bingner R.L. Runoff simulated from Goodwin Creek Watershed using SWAT. Trans of the ASAE 1996,39:85-90
22) Boers P.C.M.Nutrient emissions from agriculture in Netherlands:causes and remedis.Water Sci.Tech.,1996,33:183-190
23) Bouraoui F, Dillaha T.A. ANSWERS-2000:Runoff and sediment transport model. J.Envir Engin,1996,122:493-502
24) Brian R.B., John C.I., John L.K. Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN.User's Manual for version 12,2001
25) Carleton J.N.,Grizzard T.F., et al.Factors affecting the performance of storm water treatment wetlands.Wat Res,2001,35 (6):552-562
26) Carnier Monical, Leone Antonio. Integrated use of GLEAMS and GIS to prevent groundwater pollution caused by agricultural disposal of animal waste. Envir Manag,1998,(5):747-756
27) Carpenter S.R, Caraco N.F, Correll D.L, Howarth R.W., Sharpley, A.N. Smith, V.H.Non-point pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen,1998
28) Carsel RF., Mulkey L.A., Lorber M.N., et.al. The pesticide root zone model (PRZM):a procedure for evaluating pesticide leaching threats to groundwater. Eco Mod,1985.30: 49-69
29) Carslon, T. N. and Sanchez Azofeifa, G.J., Satellite remote sensing of land use changes in and around San Jose, Costa Rica. Remote Sens Envir.1999,70,247-256
30) Castillo M.M., Allan J.D., Brunzell S. Nutrient Concentrations and Discharge in a Midwestern Agricultural Catchment. J Envir Qual,2000,29(4):1142-1151
31) Chen S, Zeng S, Xie C. Remote sensing and GIS for urban growth analysis in China. Photogrammetric. Engin and Remote Sens,2000,66:593-598
32) Chen X.M., Q.R. Shen, G.X. Pan, et al., Characteristics of nitrate horizontal transport in a paddy field of the Tai Lake region, China. Chemosphere,2003(50):703-706.
33) Corwin D.L., Wagenet R.J.. Applications of GIS to the modeling of nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone:A conference overview. J. Envir. Qua.,1996,25(3):403-411
34) Crews-Meyer K.A..Agricultural landscape change and stability in northeast Thailand: Historical patch-level analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment.2004,101:155-169
35) Dai C, Tang L, Jiang P, Lin J. Satellite remote sensing for monitoring urban expansion and environmental remediation. In Population Dynamics and Management of Urban Environment 1996,9-16. Beijing:The 47th IAF Congress
36) David L.C.,Thomas E.J., Donald E.W. Effects of Precipitation, Air Temperature, and Land Use on Organic Carbon Discharges from Rhode River Watersheds Water, Air, and Soil Pollution,2001,128:1-2
37) Dennis L.C., Keith L,Tinothy R.E. GIS-based modeling of non-point source polhtants in the vadose zone.Soil Water Conser Ankeny.1998,53(1):34-38
38) Di Luzio,M,Srinivasan,R.,Arnold,J.G.,Neitsch,S. L. ArcView Interface for SWAT2003-User's Guide.Report TR-93. College Station, TX:Texas Water Resources Institute,2002,
39) Dorge J., Windolf J., Implementation of the water framework directive-can we use models as a tool in integrated river basin management? Int. J. River Basin Manag.2003,1 (2), 165-171
40) Edwin D,Ongley. Control of water pollution from agriculture.FAO Irrigation and Drainage,1996:55
41) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Landscape monitoring and assessment 620/R-94/009, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.,1994
42) Fisher P, Abrahart R J, Herbinger W. The Sensitivity of Two Distributed Non-point Source Pollution Models to the SpatialArrangement of the Landscape.Hydro Proc,1997 (11):241-252
43) FitzHugh T.W, Mackay D.S. Impact of subwatershed partitioning on modeled source and transport-limited sediment yields in an agricultural nonpoint source pollution model J. Soil and Wat Conser,2001,2:54-60
44) FitzHugh T.W., Mackay D.S. Impacts of input parameter spatial aggregation on agricultural nonpoint source pollution model.J.Hydro,2000,236:35-53
45) Forman R.T.T. Some general principles of landscape and regional ecology research plan.EPA Landscape Eco,1995,10:133-142
46) Foster G.R., Lane L.J., Nowlin J.D., Laflen J.M., Young R.A. A model to estimate sediment yield from field-sized areas:Development of model.1980
47) Foy R.H., Withers P.J.A. The contribution of agricultural phosphorus to eutrophication. Proc. Fert. Soc.1995,365:1-32.
48) Freeze R.A, Harlan R.L. Blue print for a physically-based digital simulated hydrologic response model J. Hydro,1969,9(9):237-258.
49) Gamier M, Lo Porto A, Marini R, et al. Integrated use of GLEAMS and GIS to prevent ground water pollution caused by agricultural disposal of animal waste. Envir.Manag. 1998,22:747-756
50) Gray LC. Is land being degraded? A multi-scale investigation of landscape change in southwestern Burkina Faso. Land Degrad & Develop.1999,10:329-343.
51) Grizzetti B,Bouraoui F,Granlund K,Rekolainen S,Bidoglio G.. Modelling diffuse emission and retention of nutrients in the Vantaanjoki watershed (Finland) using the SWAT model.Ecol Model,2003,169 (1):25-38.
52) Grunwald S, Norton L.D. Calibration and Validation of a Non-point Source Pollution Model.Agri Wat Manag,2000,45:17-39
53) Guay J.R., Smith P.E.Simulation of Quantity and Quality of Storm Runoff for Urban Catchments in Fresno, California. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report.1988,88-4125
54) Guay JR, Smith PE.1988. Simulation of Quantity and Quality of Storm Runoff for Urban Catchments in Fresno, California. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report.88-4125
55) Guo H.Y., Wang X.R. Quantification and index of non-point source pollution in Taihu Lake Region with GIS. Environ Geochem and Health,2004(26),147-156
56) Gustafson, E. J., and G. R.1992. Relationships between landcover proportion and indices of landscape spatial pattern.Landscape Ecology,7:101-110
57) Haan C.T., Zhang J. Impact of uncertain knowledge of model parameters on estimated runoff and phosphorus loads in the lake Okeechobee Basin. Trans. ASAE,1996,39(2):511-516
58) Hargreaves G.H, Samani Z.A. Reference crop evaportranspiration from temperature.Applied Engi in Agri,1985,1(1):96-99.
59) Harriss J. The case for cross-disciplinary approaches in international development. World Developt.2002,30:487-496.
60) Haycock N.E., Muscutt A.D..Landscape management strategies for the control of diffuse pollution. Landscape and Urban Planning,1995,31:313-321
61) He C S. Integration of geographic information systems andsimulation model for basin management. Envir Model and Soft,2003,18:809-813.
62) Herbert L Brodie, Royden N Powell. I. Agricultural non-point source water pollution control voluntary program in Maryland,Animal Waste and the Landweter Interface. Edited by Knenth Steele,Boca Rotten, Florida:Lewis Publishers,1995:449-457
63) Hession W.C., Huber K.L., Mostaghimi S et al. BMP Effectiveness Evaluation Using AGNPS and a GIS.In:International Winter Meeting in New Orleans, Lousiana,12-15 December1989 Paper(89):2 566. Am Soc Agric Eng,1-18
64) Honisch M.C, Hellmeier K.W.. Response of surface and subsurface water quality to land use changes. Geoderm,2002,105:277-298
65) Horan R.D. Differences in Social andPublic Risk Perceptions and Conflicting Impact on Point/Nonpoint Trading Ratios. American Journal of AgriculturalEconomics,2001,83(4): 934-941
66) Houghton R.W., Flagg C.N., Pietrafesa L.J. Shelf-Slope Water Frontal Structure, Motion and Eddy Heat-Flux in the Southern Middle Atlantic Bight. Deep-Sea Research Part Ⅱ-Topical Studies in Oceanography.1994,41:273-306
67) Iverson L.R.,Land-use in lliaois, USA-the influence of landscape attributes on current and historic land use. Landscape Ecology,1988,2(1):45-61
68) Jason J. Gurdak; John E. McCray; Geoffrey Thyne; Sharon L. Qi 《Ground Water)),2007, No.3
69) JenniferH. Jacobs, Ric Jensen.2003 International SWAT Conference:[dissertation].Bari: Insituto di Ricerca sulle Acque-Water Research Institute,2003
70) Jesus San Miguel-Ayanz J, Biging G.S. An iterative classification approach for mapping natural resources from satellite imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1996,17:957-982
71) Jobes TH., Kittle J.L., Bicknell B.R. A Guide to Using Special Actions in the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN
72) Johnson L, Gage S. Landscape approaches to the analysis of aquatic ecosystems. Freshwater Biologyl997,37:113-132
73) Kamusoko C, Aniya M. Land Use/Cover Change and Landscape Fragmentation Analysis in the Bindura District, Zimbabwe. Land Degrad and Develop.2007,18:221-233
74) Knisel W.G. CREAMS. A field scale model for chemicals, runoff and erosion from agricultural management systems. Conservation Research Report No.26, USDA, Washington,1980, D.C:36-64
75) Kronvang B Nationalwide monitoring of nutrients and their ecological effects:state of the Danish aquatic environment 1993
76) Kronvang B,Graesboll P.Larsen S.E.,et al..Diffuse Nutrient Losses in Denmark.Wat Sci and Tech 1996,33(4-5):81-88
77) Kuipers A, Mandersloot F.Reducing Nutrient Losses On Dairy Farms in Netherlands.Livest Prod Sci.1999,61:139-144
78) Lahlou M., Schoemaker L., ChoudhuryS., ElmerR., Hu A., Manguerra H., and Parker, A.,
1983. BASINS Version 3.0:User's Manual, EPA,2001
79) Lambin E.F., Geist H.J. Global LU/land-cover changes-What have we learned so far? IGBP Global Change Newslette.2001,46:27-30
80) Lambin E.F., Geist H.J., Lepers E. Dynamics of land-use and land-cover change in Tropical regions. Annual Review of Environmental Resources 2003,28:205-241
81) Laney R. A process-led approach to modeling land-change in agricultural landscapes:A case study from Madagascar. Special issue:From pattern to process:Landscape Fragmentation and the analysis of land use/land cover change-Edited by D.K. Munroe, J. Southworth and H. Nagendra. Agri Ecosys and Envir.2004,101(2-3):135-153
82) Lee S.W. The relationship between landscape structure and neighborhood satisfaction. Ph.D. Dissertation. Texas A&M University, TX.2002
83) Lenhart T, Eckhardt K, Fohrer N, et al. Comparison of two different approaches of sensitivity analysis.Physics and Chemist ry of the Earth,2002,27:645-654
84) Leon L.F., Lam D.C., Swayne D.A., et al. Integration of a nonpoint source pollution model with a decision support system. Envir Mod and Soft,2000,15:249-255
85) Leon L.F., Soulis E.D., Kouwen N., et al. Nonpoint source pollution:A distributed water quality modeling approach. Water Reserv,2001,35(4):997-1007
86) Leonard R.A., Knisel W.G., Still D.A.. GLEAMS:Groundwater loading effects of agricultural management systems. Trans. ASAE,1987,30(5):1403-1418
87) Li, X., Analyzing spatial restructuring of land use patterns in a fast growing region using remote sensing and GIS.Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,69:335-354
88) Lim T.T., Edwards D.R., Workman S.R., et al..Vegetated filter strip removal of cattle manure constituents in runoff.Trans.ASAE.1998,41 (5):1375-1381
89) Liu J, Daily G.C., Ehrlich P.R., Luck G.W.. Effects of household dynamics on resource consumption and biodiversity. Nature 2003,42(1):530-533
90) Liu J.Y., Liu M.L., Tian H.Q., Zhuang D.F., Zhang Z.X., Zhang W, Tang X.M., Deng X.Z. Spatial and temporal patterns of China's cropland during 1990-2000:An analysis based on Landsat TM data. Remote Sens of Envir 2005,98:442-456
91) Liu X.H., Andersson C. Assessing the impact of temporal dynamics on land-use change modeling. Computers, Envir and Urban Sys.2004,28:107-124
92) Lucas, LF.J., Frans, J.M. Wel, V.D. Accuracy assessment of satellite derived land-cover data: a review. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing,1994,60(4):410-432
93) Maidment, D. Developing a spatially distributed unit hydrograph by using GIS. In Applications of GIS in hydrology and water resources (edited by Kovar, K. and Nachtenebel, H.) Proceedings of Vienna conf., April. IAHS publ. no.1993,211:181-192
94) Mauro Di Luzio, Jeffrey G, Arnold and Raghavan Srinivasan. Effect of GIS data quality on small watershed stream flow and sediment simulations. Hydro. Proc,2005,19,629-650
95) Mc Garigal K. and Marks B.J., FRAGSTATS:Spatial analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. Reference Mannal. Forest Science Department, Oregon state Unversity, Corvallis Oregon,March 1994.62pp.+Append.
96) McGarigal K, Cushman S.A., Neel M.C., Ene E. FRAGSTATS:Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps. Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Available at www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html.2002
97) McGarigal K, Marks B.J. FRAGSTATS:spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. U.S. forest Service General Technical Report PNW 351. Science.1995, 260:1905-1910
98) Meyer W.B.,Turner B.L. Human population growth and global landuse/cover change Ⅱ. Annu Rev Eco Sys,1992,23:39-61
99) Migliaccio K.W.,Chaube Y.I., Haggard B.E. Evaluation of landscape and instream modeling to predict watershed nutrient yields.Envir Modelling & Soft,2007,22 (7):987-999
100) Miller GT. Living in the Environment:An Introduction to Environmental Science.Seventh Edition.Belmont:Wadsworth Publishing Company,1992
101) Mohammed H, Yohannes F, Zeleke G. Validation of agricultural non-point source (AGNPS) pollution model in Kori watershed, South Wollo, Ethiopia International. J.Appl.Earth Obse.Geoin,2004,6:97-109
102)MorrisM.D.Factorial sampling plans for preliminary computational experiments. Technometrics.1991,33(2):161-174
103)Nandish M, Matt Mcallil, Keith S,Richards. Estination of surface water quality changes in response to land use change application of the export coefficient model using remote sensing and geographical infomation system, J. Environ. Mana 1996(48):263-282
104)Neitsch S.L, Arnold J.G, Kiniry, J.R,Williams J.R,Soil and Water Assessment Tool User's Manual Version 2000,Agriculture Research Service and Blackland Research Center,2001
105)Neitsch S.L. Differences between SWAT2003 and SWAT2005. Temple:Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Agri. Res Serv,2005
106)Neitsch S.L., Arnold J.G., Kiniry J.R., et al. Soil and water assessment tool user's manual. Temple:Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, 2002
107)Neitsch S.L.,Arnold J.G.,Kiniry J.R., Williams J.R..Soil and Water Assessment Tool Theoretical Documentation Version 2005
108)Novotny V, Chester S.G. Handbook of Nonpoint Pollution:Sources and Management.1981
109)Novotny V.A. Agricultural Nonpoint Sources Pollution:Model Selection and Application. Netherland:Elsvier Science Publishing Company Inc:1986,9-35
110)Nutter W.L., Tkacs T., Bush P.B., Neary D.G. Simulation of herbicide concentrations in stormflow from forested watersheds. J American Wat Res Assoc,2007,20:851-858
111)O'Neill R.V., Hunsaker C.T., Jones K.B., Riitters K.H., Wickham J.D., Schwartz P.M., Goodman I.A., Jackson B.L., Baillargeon W.S.. Monitoring environmental quality at the landscape scale. BioScience 1997,47:513-519
112) O'Neill R.V. Hunsaker C.T., Timmins S.P., et al..Scale problems in reporting landscape pattern at the regional scale. Lands Eco,1996,11 (3),169-180
113) O'Neill R.V., Krummel J.R., Gardner R.H.,et al. Indices of landscape pattern. Lands Eco,1988,1:294-306
114) Pan D, Domon G, De Blois S, Bouchard A. Temporal (1958-1993) and spatial patterns of land use changes in Haut-Saint-Laurent (Quebec, Canada) and their relation to landscape physical attributes, Landscape Eco.1999,14:35-52
115)Panuska JC, Moore ID, Kramer LA. Terrain analysis:Integration into the agricultural nonpoint sources (AGNPS) pollution model. J Soil and Water Conser,1991,45:59-64
116) Parry R. Agricultural phosphorus and water quality:A U. S.Environmental Protection Agency Perspective,1998
117) Percy Pacheco,Dan Farrow,Ranjan Muttiah,Raghavan Srinivasan. Development of Land-based Pollution Sources Inventory for the Gulf of Maine Regional Watershed.http://www.brc.tamus.edu/srin/projects/noaa.html. NOAA,1996
118)Perera B.J.C., Nq.A.W.M. River water quality modelling-Parameter uncertainty, sensitivity and estimation. Progress in Water Resowces.Water Pollution VI:Mod Measur and Pred,2001
119) Petit C, Lambin E.F. Impact of data integration technique on historical land-use/land-cover change:Comparing historical maps with remote sensing data in the Belgian Ardennes. Landscape Eco.2002,17:117-132
120)Pullar D,Springer Darren. Towards integrating GIS and catchment models. Enviro Mod&Soft,2000,15:451-459
121)Qihao Weng. Land use change analysis in the ZhujiangDelta of China using satellite remote sensing, GIS and stochastic modelling. J. Envir Manag.2002,64:273-284
122) Raffaele Pelorosso, Antonio Leone, Lorenzo Boccia. Land cover and land use change in the Italian central Apennines:A comparison of assessment methods. Applied Geo.2009,29:35-48
123) Ramon A, Miguel A, Norberto B. Evaluation of the origin of groundwater nitrate in the city La Plata-agentina,using isotope techniques. Hydrogeoand Land Use Manag. Bratislava, Slovak Republic,1999.323-327
124)Reenberg A. Agricultural land use pattern dynamics in the Sudan-Sahel-towards an event-driven framework. Land Use Policy.2001,18:309-319
125) Reid R.S. and Kruska, R.L.Land-use and land-cover dynamics in response to changes in climatic, biological and social-political forces:the case of southwestern Ethiopia.Landscape Eco,2000,15:339-355
126) Riitters K.H., O'Neill R.V., Hunsaker C.T., Wickham J.D., Yankee D.H., Timmins S.P., Jones K.B, Jackson B.L. A factor analysis of landscape pattern and structure metrics. Landscape Eco.1995 10:23-39
127) Robert D.L., George R.H. Impacts of agriculture on water quality in the Big Spring Basin, NE Iowa, U.S.A.Karst Hydrogeology and Human Activities. Australia,1998,1:57-58
128)Rogan J, Miller J, Stow D, Franklin J, Levien L, Fischer C. Land-cover change monitoring with classification trees using Landsat TM and ancillary data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.2003,69:793-804
129) Roy H.Y.,Mark C.Quantifying landscape structure:a review of landscape indices and their application to forested landscapes. Progress in Physical Geograph.1996,20(4):418-445
130)Sapek, A. Application of the CREAMS model for calculation of leaching of nitrate from light soils in the Notec River Valley....,1982.
131)Serneels S, Lambin E.F. Proximate causes of land-use change in Narok District, Kenya:A spatial statistical model. Agri.Ecos & Envir,2001,85:65-81
132)Sharpley A.N, Chapra S.C, Wedepohl R. Managing agriculture phosphorus protection of surface waters:Issues and options,1994
133) Singh V.P. Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology. Littleton:Wat Res Public.1995.
134)Sivrikaya F, Kele S, Cakir G.Spatial distribution and temporal change of carbon storage in timber biomass of of two different forest management units. Envir Monitor and timber biomass Assess.2007,132:429-438
135) Smith K.A., Jackson D.R., Pepper T.J. Nutrient losses by surface runoff following the application of organic manures to arable land. Nitro. Envir Pollu,2001,112:41-51
136)Spaek A, Spaek B.Agricultural pollution abatement in Poland.Soil and Water Conser Police and Programs-Successed and Failures,2000,381-397
137)Speiqht Vanessa L,DiGiano Francis A.Water Quality Models for Analysis of Small System Operation:Case Study of Carthage.NC.World Water and Environmental Resources Congress,2003
138)Sui D.Z.,Maggio R.C. Integrating GIS with hydrological modeling:Practices,problems and prospects. Computers. Envir and Urban Sys,1999,23:33-35
139) Susanna T.Y Tong and WenLi Chen. Modeling the Relationship BeW een Land Use and Surface Water Quality. J.Envir Manag,2002,66:377-393
140)Thomann Robert V, Mueller John. Principles of Surface Water Quality Modeling and Control.NewYork:Harper & Row Publishers,1987,16(4):385-477
141)Tim U.S., Jolly R. Evaluating agriculture non-point source pollution using integrated geographic information systems and hydrologic/water quality model. J. Environ.Qual.,1994, 23(1):25-35
142)Tripathi M.P., Panda R.K., Raghuwanshi N.S. Identification and Prioritisation of Critical Sub-watersheds for Soil Conservation Management using the SWAT Model.Biosystems Engineering,2003,85(3):365-379
143)Turner M.G., Gardener R.H., O'Neill R. Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice:Pattern and process. Springer-Verlag:2001,New York
144)Udoyars S.T., Robbert J. Evaluating agriculture non-point source pollution using integrated geographic information systems and hydrologic/water quality mode.Environ Quality, 1994,23:25-35
145) Van der Molen D.T, Breeuwsma A, Boers P.C.M. Agricultural nutrient losses to surface water in the Netherlands:impact, strategies, and perspectives.1998
146) Vighi M,Chiaudani G. Eutrophication in Europe,the role of agricultural activities,1987
147) Wear D.N., Turner M.G., Naiman R.J. Institutional imprints on a developing forested landscape:implications for water quality. Eco Appli.1998,8:619-630
148) Weng Q. A remote sensing-GIS evaluation of urban expansion and its impact on surface temperature in the Zhujiang Delta, China. International Journal of Remote Sensing 22: 2001,1999-2014
149) Werner A.D.,Gallagher M.R.,Weeks S.W. Regional scale,fully coupled modelling of stream aquifer interaction in a tropicalcatchment. J. hydro,2006,328:497-251
150) Whittemore R.C. The BASINS model. Water Environ Technol,1998,10(12):57-61
151) Williams J.R, Nicks A.D, Arnold J.G. Simulator for water resources in Rural Basins.J Hydraul Eng,1985,111(6):170-196
152) Williams J.R,Jones C.A, Dyke P T. A modeling approach to delermining the relationship between erosion and soil productivity.Trans.ASAE,1984,27(l):129-144
153) Williams J.R., Hann R.W. Optimal operation of large agricultural watersheds with water quality constraints.Texas:Texas Water Resources Institute, Texas A&M University,1978
154) Williams J.R.SPNM, a model for predicting sediment, phosphorus, nitrogen yields from agricultural basins.Water Resour Bull,1980,16(5):843-848
155) Winter J.G., Duthie H.C..Export coefficient modeling to assess phosphorus loading in an urban watershed.J of Ameri Water Res Associ,2000,36(5):1053-1062
156) Wu J. Effects of changing scale on landscape pattern analysis:scaling relations. Landscape Ecol.2004,19:125-138
157)Wu J., Shen W., Sun W., Tueller P.T., Empirical patterns of the effects of changing scale on landscape metrics. Landscape Ecol,2002,17:761-782
158)Wu Kansheng and Xu Y. Jun. Evaluation of the Applicability of the SWAT Model forCoastal Watershed in Southeastern Louisiana. Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2006,10:1247-1260
159) Yeh A.G.O, Li X. Economic development and agricultural land loss in the Pearl River Delta, China. Habitat International.1999,23:373-390
160) Yeh A.G.O, Li X. Sustainable land development model for rapid growth areas using GIS. International J. Geo Info Sci 1998,12:169-189
161) Yeh A.G.O,Li X. Urban growth management in the Pearl River delta-an integrated remote sensing and GIS approach.The ITC Journal,1996,1:77-85
162) Yong Li, Jiabao Zhang. Agricultural diffuse pollution from fertilizers and pesticides in China. Wat.Sci.Tech.1999,39(3):25-32
163) Young R.A., Onstad C.A., Bosch D.D., et al. AGNPS:A nonpoint-sources pollution model for evaluating agricultural watersheds. J.Soil. Water Conserv 1989.44(2):168-173
164)Zalidis G, Stamatiadis S, Takavakoglou V, Eskridge K, Misopolinos N, Impacts of agricultural practices on soil and water quality in the Mediterranean region and proposed assessment methodology. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ,2002,88:137-146
165)Zhang Y.L.Agricultural chemistry and Biosphere.Water resource research,1979,15:139-147
166)《2006中国环境状况公报》北京：国家环境保护总局,2006,22(6)：808-81660-63
167)鲍全盛,王华东,毛显强.我国水环境非点源污染研究进展.环境科学进展,1995,3(3)：31-36
168)鲍全盛,王华东.我国水环境非点源污染研究与展望.地理科学,1996,16(1)：66-72
169)卜坤,张树文,闰业超等.二江平原不同流域水上流失变化特征分析.地理科学,2008,28(3)：361-368
170)蔡崇法,丁树文.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量研究.水土保持学报,2000,2：113-120
171)蔡永明,张科利,李双才.不同粒径间土壤质地资料的转换问题研究.土壤学报,2003,40(4)：511-517
172)仓恒瑾,许炼峰,李志安,任海.农业非点源污染控制中的最佳管理措施及其发展趋势.生态科学,2005,24(2)：
173)曹文志,洪华生,张玉珍等AGNPS在我国东南亚地区的检验.环境科学学报,2002,22(4)：537-540
174)陈国湖.农业非点源污染模型AGNPS及GIS的应用.人民长江,1998,29(4)：20-22
175)陈洪波,王业耀.国外最佳管理措施在农业非点源污染防治中的应用.环境污染与防治,2006,28(4)：279-282
176)陈华林,陈英旭.污染底泥修复技术进展.农业环境保护,2002,21(2)：179-182
177)陈慧.澳大利亚的全流域管理.环境导报,1997,(1)：3-6
178)陈军锋,陈秀万SWAT模型的水量平衡及其在梭磨河流域的应用.北京大学学报(自然科学版).2004,40(20)：256-270
179)陈军锋,李秀彬.森林植被变化对流域水文影响的争论.自然资源学报,2001,16(5)：25-29
180)陈军锋,李秀彬.土地覆被变化的水文响应模拟研究.应用生态学报,2004年5期
181)陈克平,宁大同.基于GIS非点源污染模型的地形因子分析.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997,33(2)：281-284
182)陈利顶,傅伯杰,徐建英等.基于“源一汇”生态过程的景观格局识别方法-景观空间负荷对比指数.生态学报.2003,23(11)：2406-2413
183)陈利顶,傅伯杰,张淑荣.异质景观中非点源污染动态变化比较研究.生态学报,2002
184)陈利顶,傅伯杰.农业生态系统管理与非点源污染控制.环境科学,2000,21(2)：98-100
185)陈满荣,余立中.GIS在农业非点源污染研究中的应用.农业环境保护,2000,5
186)陈西平,黄时达.涪陵地区农田径流污染输出负荷定量化研究.环境科学,1991,12(3)：75-79
187)陈西平.计算降雨及农田径流污染负荷的三峡库区模型.中国环境科学,1993,12(1)：48-52
188)程红光,郝芳华,任希岩等不同降雨条件下非点源污染氮负荷入河系数研究,环境科学学报,2006,26(3)：392-397
189)崔键,马友华,赵艳萍等.农业面源污染的特性及防治对策.中国农学通报,2006,22(1)：335-340
190)代晋国,王淑莹,李利生等.基于GIS的非点源污染的研究及应用.安全与环境学报,2003,3(6)：36-39
191)董维红.我国农村水环境非点源污染研究进展.世界地质,2002,1(21)：57-62
192)段淑怀,路炳军,王晓燕.浅谈北京市山区水土流失与非点源污染.中国水土保持,2007,9：10-11
193)冯庆,王晓燕.滇池流域非点源污染研究进展.云南地理环境研究,2008,(01)：59-55
194)高超,朱继业等.基于非点源污染控制的景观格局优化方法与原则.生态学报,2004,24(1)：109-113
195)辜来章,郝淑英.滇池流域农田非点源负荷定量化的研究.水资源保护,1992,(2)：11-19
196)郭旭东,陈利顶,傅伯杰.土地利用/土地覆被变化对区域生态环境的影响.环境科学进展.1999,7(6)：66-75
197)国家环保总局.运河及典型河网水量调控研究报告.北京,1990：159-174
198)国家环保总局南京环境科学研究所.太湖流域污染源调查及污染负荷分析.南京,1997：8-66
199)郝芳华,陈立群等.土地利用变化对产流和产沙的影响分析.水土保持学报,2004,18(3)：5-8
200)何萍,王家骥.非点源污染控制与管理研究的现状、困境与挑战.农业环境保护,1999,18(5)：45-50
201)何晓云,胡晔.太湖流域杭嘉湖地区地面水环境质量分析.环境污染与防治,2000,22(6)：33-36
202)贺宝根,周乃展等.农田降雨径流污染模型探讨.长江流域资源与环境,2001,10(3)：159-165
203)贺缠生,傅伯杰等.非点源污染的管理及控制.环境科学,1998,9：87-92
204)侯越.农业非点源污染的危害与防治措施.水资源与水工程学报,2008,19(4)：103-107
205)胡远安,程海通,贾海峰.非点源模型中的水文模拟-以SWAT模型在芦溪小流域的应用为例.环境科学研究,2003,16(5)：29-36
206)胡远安,程声通.袁水上游小流域非点源污染研究.农业环境科学学报,2003,22(3)：442-445
207)黄虹,邹长伟,陈新庚.中国非点源污染研究评述.生态环境,200413(2)：255-257
208)黄清华,张万昌.SWAT分布式水文模型在黑河干流山区流域的改进及应用.南京林业大学学报,2004,3：22-26
209)黄涛珍,袁汝华.气候异常对太湖流域水资源及社会经济影响的对策分析,地理学报,2000,(21)：12-19
210)荚德安,陈金林,王世红,赵冬青.太湖流域农田生态系统管理与非点源污染控制.长江流域资源与环境,2007,(04)：56-63
211)姜馨,吴健平等.基于RS和GIS的农业土地利用污染分析.上海环境科学,2004,23(3)：104-
107
212)蒋鸿昆,高海鹰,张奇.农业面源污染最佳管理措施(BMPs)在我国的应用.农业环境与发展,2006(4)：64-67
213)蒋勇军,袁道先,谢世友,李林立,张贵,何绕生.典型岩溶农业区地下水质与土地利用变化分析-以云南小江流域为例.地理学报,2006,61(5)：471-481
214)焦锋,秦伯强,黄文钎.小流域水环境管理以宜兴湖涤镇为例.中国环境科学,2003,23(2)：220-224
215)焦锋,秦伯强.土地利用与流域水环境管理研究.上海环境科学,2002,21(1)：17-19
216)金相灿,叶春,颜昌宙等.太湖重点污染控制区综合治理方案研究.环境科学研究,1999,12(5)：1-5
217)金洋,李恒鹏,李金莲.太湖流域土地利用变化对非点源污染负荷量的影响.农业环境科学学报,2007,26(4)：1214-1218
218)柯强,赵静,王少平等.最大日负荷总量(TMDL)技术在农业面源污染控制与管理中的应用与发展趋势.生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(1)：85-91,111
219)赖格英,于革.太湖流域营养物质输移的模拟评估研究.河海大学学报：自然科学版,2007,(2)：140-144
220)李昌峰,高俊峰等.土地利用变化对水资源影响研究的现状和趋势.土壤学报,2002,19(1)：20-28
221)李贵宝,尹澄清,单宝庆.非点源污染控制与管理研究的概况与展望.农业环境保护,2001,20(3)：190-191
222)李怀恩,沈晋,刘玉生.流域非点源污染模型的建立与应用实例.环境科学学报,1997,17(2)：142-147
223)李怀恩,沈晋编著.非点源污染数学模型.西北工业大学出版社,1996
224)李俊然,陈利顶,傅伯杰等.于桥水库流域地表水非点源N时空变化特征.地理科学,2002,22(2)：238-242
225)李雷,戴万宏.巢湖水体富营养化污染现状及防治对策.中国水土保持,2009,7：181-184
226)李硕,孙波,曾志远.遥感和GIS辅助下流域养分迁移过程的计算机模拟.应用生态学报,2004,15(2)：278-282
227)李硕.GIS和遥感辅助下流域模拟的空间离散化与参数化研究与应用.南京师范大学,2002,35-41
228)李秀彬.全球环境变化研究的核心领域-土地利用/土地覆被变化的国际研究动向.地理学报，1996,51(6)：553-557
229)李志博,王起超,陈静.农业生态系统中氮素循环研究进展.土壤与环境,2002,11(4)：417-421
230)李忠锋,王一谋,玛疏荪等.基于RS与GIS的榆林地区土地利用变化分析.水土保持学报,2003,17(2)：97-100
231)刘昌明,李道峰,田英等.基于DEM的分布式水文模型在大尺度流域应用研究.地理科学进展,2003,22(5)：437-445
232)刘国东.水环境中不确定性方法的研究现状与展望.水科学进展,1996,4(4)：46-52
233)刘瑞民,杨志峰,丁晓雯等.土地利用履盖变化对长江上游非点源污染的影响研究.环境科学,2006,27(12)：2408-2414
234)刘忠翰,彭江燕.化肥氮素在水稻田中迁移与淋失的模拟研究.农村生态环境,2000,16(2)：16-24
235)吕唤春.千岛湖非流域农业非点源污染及其生态效应的研究.浙江大学博士学位论文,2002,6
236)吕喜玺,沈荣明.土壤可蚀性因子K值的初步研究.水土保持学报,1992,6(1)：63-70
237)吕耀.苏南太湖流域农业非点源污染及农业持续发展战略.环境科学动态,1998,(2)：1-4
238)马立珊,钱敏仁等.太湖流域水环境硝态氮和亚硝态氮污染的研究.环境科学,1998,8(2)：60-65
239)马立珊,汪祖强,张水铭等.苏南太湖水系农业面源污染及其控制对策研究.环境科学学报,1997,17(1)：39-47
240)马梅,童中华.安乐安江水和沉积物样品的生物毒性评估.环境化学,1997,16(2)：167-171
241)马蔚纯,陈立民,李建忠等.水环境非点源污染数学模型研究进展.地球科学进展,2003,18(3)：358-366
242)彭奎,朱波.讨论农业养分的非点源污染与管理.环境保护,2001,1
243)彭盛华,赵俊琳,袁弘任.GIS技术在水资源和水环境领域中的应用.水科学进展,2001,2(6)：264-269
244)任伯帜,邓仁健,李文健.SWMM模型原理及其在霞凝港区的应用.水运工程,2006,(4)：41-47
245)阮晓红.非点源污染负荷的水环境影响及其定量化方法研究.河海大学博士学位论文,2002
246)宋鹏飞.太原市城区土地利用景观格局分析及其优化研究.硕士毕业论文,2005,6
247)孙娟,顾霜妹,李强坤.水土流失与农业非点源污染.水利科技与经济,2008,14(12)：963-966
248)索安宁,王天明,王辉等.基于格局过程理论的非点源污染实证研究：以黄上丘陵沟壑区水上流失为例.环境科学,2006,27(12)：2415-2420
249)唐莲,白丹.农业活动非点源污染与水环境恶化.环境保护,2003.3：18-20
250)田平.基于GIS杭嘉湖地区农田氮磷径流流失研究.2006,浙江大学硕士学位论文
251)万超,张思聪.基于GIS的潘家口水库面源污染负荷计算.水力发电学报.2003
252)万荣荣,杨桂山.太湖流域土地利用变化及其空间分异特征研究.长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(3)：298-303
253)王超.地下水环境管理与污染防治技术.污染防治技术,1997,(01)
254)王飞儿,吕唤春,陈英旭,王栋.基于AnnAGNPS模型的千岛湖流域氨、磷输出总量预测.农业工程学报,2003,19(6)：281-284
255)王晓峰.北京市密云水库上游石匣小流域非点源污染特征研究.首都师范大学硕士学位论文,2001
256)王晓燕.非点源污染及其管理.北京：海洋出版社,2003,28-41
257)王玉合,张贵文SWAT模型简介及其在非点源污染研究中的应用.科技广场,2008(05)：67-86
258)王宇峰.硕士论文
259)王中根,刘昌明,黄友波.SWAT模型的结构、原理及应用研究.地理科学进展,2003,1：79-86
260)魏怀斌,张占庞,杨金鹏.SWAT模型土壤数据库建立方法.水利水电技术,2007,38(6)：15-19
261)邬建国.景观生态学-概念与理论.生态学杂志,2000,19(1)：42-52
262)邬建国.景观生态学-格局、过程、尺度与等级.北京：高等教育出版社,2000
263)吴汉红,刘玲.农业非点源污染研究.农业环境与发展,2006(5)：58-60.
264)夏立忠,杨林章,吴春加等.太湖地区典型小城镇降雨径流N、P负荷空间分布的研究.农业环境科学学报,2003,22(3)：267-270
265)夏立忠,杨林章.太湖流域非点源污染研究与控制.长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(1)：45-49
266)谢正苗,李静,徐建明,吴卫红.基于GIS杭嘉湖平原土壤氟的质量评价.环境科学,2006,
27(5)：1026-1031
267)邢光熹,曹亚澄,施书莲等.太湖地区水体氮的污染源和反硝化中国科学B辑,2001,31(2)：130-137
268)胥彦玲.基于行政单元的陕西黑河流域非点源磷负荷估算.2006年全国博士生学术论坛大连理工大学,2006
269)徐关明.嘉兴市水环境现状分析及治理对策.2004太湖高级论坛交流文集,2004,12
270)徐慧,崔广柏.太湖供用水现状及形势分析.河海大学学报,2004,32
271)许书军.三峡库区农业非点源污染源调查分析及过程评价.西南大学硕士学位论文,2004
272)阎伍玖,王心源.巢湖流域非点源污染初步研究.地理科学,1998,18(3)：263-267
273)阎伍玫.巢湖流域不同土地利用类型地表径流污染特征研究.长江流域资源与环境,1998,7(3)：274-277
274)彦秉龙,杭嘉湖区域改善水环境调水方案研究.2006,硕士论文
275)杨爱玲,朱颜明.城市地表饮用水源保护研究进展.地理科学,2000,20(1)：72-77
276)杨桂莲.郝芳华.刘昌明.张雪松基于SWAT模型的基流估算及评价-以洛河流域为例.地理科学进展,2003(5)
277)杨新,延军平.无定河年径流量变化特征及人为驱动力分析.地球科学进展,2005,20(6)：637-642
278)于涛,孟伟,Edwin Ongley等.我国非点源负荷研究中的问题探讨.环境科学学报,2008,28(3)：401-407
279)于兴修,杨桂山.典型流域土地利用/覆被变化及对水质的影响.长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(3)：211-217
280)岳隽,王仰麟.基于水环境保护的流域景观格局优化理念初探.地理科学进展,2007,26(3)：39-46
281)曾思育,杜鹏飞,陈吉宁.流域污染负荷模型的比较研究.水科学进展,2006,7(1)：107-111
282)曾志远.卫星遥感图像计算机分类及地学应用研究.北京：科学出版社,2004
283)张春玲.陕西省汉江、丹江非点源污染及控制对策.水资源与水工程学报,2002
284)张从.中国农村面源污染的环境影响及其控制对策.环境科学动态,2001,第4期
285)张秋玲,陈英旭等.非点源污染模型研究进展.应用生态学报,2007,18(8)：1886-1890
286)张秋玲等.兴隆山地区景观格局变化及驱动因子.生态学报,2007,27(8)：3206-3214
287)张认连.模拟降雨研究水网地区农田氮磷的流失；中国农业科学院,2004年
288)张淑荣,陈利顶,傅伯杰.于桥水库流域农业非点源磷污染控制区划研究.地理科学,2004,24(2)：232-237
289)张水龙,庄季屏.农业非点源污染研究现状与发展趋势.生态学杂志,1998,17(6)：51-55
290)张素梅,王宗明,张柏.石头口门水库流域土地利用/覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响.生态科学,2009,28(1)：66-72
291)张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策.中国农业科学,2004,37(7)：1008-1017
292)张侠,葛向东,濮励杰等.土地利用的经济生态为分析和耕地保护机制研究.自然资源学报,2002,17(6)：677-683
293)张侠,赵德义.水土保持研究综述.地质技术经济管理,2004,26(3)：26-34
294)张秀爱.农村水污染存在的问题及改善对策.农业知识：科技与三农,2009,48-50
295)张雪松,郝芳华,杨志峰.基于SWAT模型的中尺度流域产流产沙模拟研究.水土保持研究,2003,10(4)：38-42
296)张玉珍.九龙江上游五川流域农业非点源污染研究.厦门大学博士学位论文,2003
297)张运生.GIS和遥感辅助下的江西激水河流域化学径流计算机模拟探讨.南京师范大学,2003,20-27
298)张中杰.农业非点源污染来源及其防治措施.地下水,2007,29(5)：98-100
299)章明奎,李建国.农业非点源污染控制的最佳管理实践.浙江农业学报,2005,17(5)：244-250.
300)章明奎,魏孝孚,厉仁安.浙江省土系概论.北京：中国农业科技出版社,2000
301)郑东海,王凌,曾红娟等.松涛水库流域非点源污染负荷模拟模型.环境科学学报,2009,29(6)：1311-1320
302)郑涛等.非点源污染控制研究进展.环境保护,2005,6(2)：31-34
303)郑一,王学军.非点源污染研究的进展与展望.水科学进展,2002,13(1)：105-110
304)周慧平,许有鹏,葛小平.GIS支持下非点源污染模型应用分析.水土保持通报,2003,23(3)：
305)周静波,张宗应.我国水体富营养化的产生根源与治理对策.安徽农业科学,2009,37(21)：10126-10128
306)朱罡,程胜高,安琪.区域地表水面源污染负荷的GIS计算方法研究.湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006
307)朱秋潮,范浩定.土壤颗粒组成分级标准的换算.土壤通报,1999，30(2)：53-54
308)朱铁群.我国水环境农业非点源污染防治研究简述.农村生态环境,2000,第3期
2) Andrew A, Millward A, and Janet E.M..Adapting The RUSLE To Model Soil Erosion Potential in A Mountainous Tropical Watershed. Catena 1999,38:109-129
3) Antrop M. Why landscape of the past are important for the future. Landscape and Urban Planning.2005,70:21-34
4) Apicella G., Schuepfer FE, Zuccagnino J, et al. Water-quality modeling of combined sewer overflow effects on Newtown Creek. Water Enviro Res,1996,68:1012-1024
5) Arcy B.D., Frost A.. The role of best management practices in alleviating water quality problems associated with diffuse pollution. Sci Tota Envir.2001(265):359-367
6) Arhonditsis C, Tsirtsis G, Angelidis M, et.al.,Quantification of the effects of nonpoint nutrient sources to coastal marine eutrophication:Applications to a semi-enclosed gulf in the Mediterranean sea.Eco Mod,2000,129:209-227
7) Arnold J.G., Srinivasan R, Muttiah R.S., et al. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part I.Model development. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 1998,34(1):73-89
8) Arnold J.G., Srinivasan R, Ramanarayanan T.S, et.al. Water Resources of the Texas Gulf Basin Wat. Sci. Tech,1999,39 (3):121-133.
9) Arnold J.G., Srinivasan R.,Muttiah R.S., et.al. Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment part Ⅱ:model application. JAWRA,1998,43(1):91-101
10) Arnold J.G., Williams J.R., Nicks A.D., et al. SWRRB:A Basin Scale Simulation Model for Soil and Water Resources Management. Texas:Texas A & M University Press, College Station.1990, pp 125
11) Arnold J.G.,Muttiah R.S.,Srinivasan R,et.al. Regional estimation of base flow and groundwater recharge in the Upper Mississippi rive basin J. Hydro,2000,227:21-40
12) Ascough Ⅱ J.C, Baffaut C, Nearing M.A, et al. The WEPP watershed model Ⅰ. Hydrology and erosion. Trans. ASAE,1997,40(4):921-933
13) Atsushi Ichiki and Kiyoshi Yamada. Study on characteristics of pollutant runoff into Lake Biwa,Japan. Wat Sci and Tech,1999,39(12):17-25
14) Bagnold R.A. Bed load transport by natural rivers.Water Res Resea,1977,13:303
15) Bao Q.S. Progress in the research in aquatic environmental non-point source pollution in China.1997(3):863-872
16) Basnyat P, Teeter L.D., Flynn K.M., et.al.. Relationships between landscape characteristics and non-point source pollution inputs to coastal estuary. Environmental Management,1999, 23(4):539-549
17) Basnyat P,Teeter L.D., Lockaby B.G., et.al.The use of remote sensing and GIS in basin level analyses of Non-point source pollution problems. Forest Eco and Manag,2000,128:65-73
18) Beasley D.B.et.al. ANSWERS:A Model for Watershed Planning. Trans of ASAE,1980, 23(4):938-944
19) Begey M.B, Gonella M, Teatini P, et al. MIKE-SHE application to the recovery project of a former industrial area in Ravenna, Italy, strongly polluted by toxic metals. In:Proceedings of 3rd DHI Software Conference, June 7-11,1999, Helsingor, Denmark.
20) Bicknell B.R, Imhoff J.C, Kittle J.L,et.al. The HSPF Users' Guide, Entitled Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN:User's Manual for Release 11. Environmental Research Laboratory, EPA/600/R-93/174, Athens, GA.1993
21) Bingner R.L. Runoff simulated from Goodwin Creek Watershed using SWAT. Trans of the ASAE 1996,39:85-90
22) Boers P.C.M.Nutrient emissions from agriculture in Netherlands:causes and remedis.Water Sci.Tech.,1996,33:183-190
23) Bouraoui F, Dillaha T.A. ANSWERS-2000:Runoff and sediment transport model. J.Envir Engin,1996,122:493-502
24) Brian R.B., John C.I., John L.K. Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN.User's Manual for version 12,2001
25) Carleton J.N.,Grizzard T.F., et al.Factors affecting the performance of storm water treatment wetlands.Wat Res,2001,35 (6):552-562
26) Carnier Monical, Leone Antonio. Integrated use of GLEAMS and GIS to prevent groundwater pollution caused by agricultural disposal of animal waste. Envir Manag,1998,(5):747-756
27) Carpenter S.R, Caraco N.F, Correll D.L, Howarth R.W., Sharpley, A.N. Smith, V.H.Non-point pollution of surface waters with phosphorus and nitrogen,1998
28) Carsel RF., Mulkey L.A., Lorber M.N., et.al. The pesticide root zone model (PRZM):a procedure for evaluating pesticide leaching threats to groundwater. Eco Mod,1985.30: 49-69
29) Carslon, T. N. and Sanchez Azofeifa, G.J., Satellite remote sensing of land use changes in and around San Jose, Costa Rica. Remote Sens Envir.1999,70,247-256
30) Castillo M.M., Allan J.D., Brunzell S. Nutrient Concentrations and Discharge in a Midwestern Agricultural Catchment. J Envir Qual,2000,29(4):1142-1151
31) Chen S, Zeng S, Xie C. Remote sensing and GIS for urban growth analysis in China. Photogrammetric. Engin and Remote Sens,2000,66:593-598
32) Chen X.M., Q.R. Shen, G.X. Pan, et al., Characteristics of nitrate horizontal transport in a paddy field of the Tai Lake region, China. Chemosphere,2003(50):703-706.
33) Corwin D.L., Wagenet R.J.. Applications of GIS to the modeling of nonpoint source pollutants in the vadose zone:A conference overview. J. Envir. Qua.,1996,25(3):403-411
34) Crews-Meyer K.A..Agricultural landscape change and stability in northeast Thailand: Historical patch-level analysis. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment.2004,101:155-169
35) Dai C, Tang L, Jiang P, Lin J. Satellite remote sensing for monitoring urban expansion and environmental remediation. In Population Dynamics and Management of Urban Environment 1996,9-16. Beijing:The 47th IAF Congress
36) David L.C.,Thomas E.J., Donald E.W. Effects of Precipitation, Air Temperature, and Land Use on Organic Carbon Discharges from Rhode River Watersheds Water, Air, and Soil Pollution,2001,128:1-2
37) Dennis L.C., Keith L,Tinothy R.E. GIS-based modeling of non-point source polhtants in the vadose zone.Soil Water Conser Ankeny.1998,53(1):34-38
38) Di Luzio,M,Srinivasan,R.,Arnold,J.G.,Neitsch,S. L. ArcView Interface for SWAT2003-User's Guide.Report TR-93. College Station, TX:Texas Water Resources Institute,2002,
39) Dorge J., Windolf J., Implementation of the water framework directive-can we use models as a tool in integrated river basin management? Int. J. River Basin Manag.2003,1 (2), 165-171
40) Edwin D,Ongley. Control of water pollution from agriculture.FAO Irrigation and Drainage,1996:55
41) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Landscape monitoring and assessment 620/R-94/009, Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C.,1994
42) Fisher P, Abrahart R J, Herbinger W. The Sensitivity of Two Distributed Non-point Source Pollution Models to the SpatialArrangement of the Landscape.Hydro Proc,1997 (11):241-252
43) FitzHugh T.W, Mackay D.S. Impact of subwatershed partitioning on modeled source and transport-limited sediment yields in an agricultural nonpoint source pollution model J. Soil and Wat Conser,2001,2:54-60
44) FitzHugh T.W., Mackay D.S. Impacts of input parameter spatial aggregation on agricultural nonpoint source pollution model.J.Hydro,2000,236:35-53
45) Forman R.T.T. Some general principles of landscape and regional ecology research plan.EPA Landscape Eco,1995,10:133-142
46) Foster G.R., Lane L.J., Nowlin J.D., Laflen J.M., Young R.A. A model to estimate sediment yield from field-sized areas:Development of model.1980
47) Foy R.H., Withers P.J.A. The contribution of agricultural phosphorus to eutrophication. Proc. Fert. Soc.1995,365:1-32.
48) Freeze R.A, Harlan R.L. Blue print for a physically-based digital simulated hydrologic response model J. Hydro,1969,9(9):237-258.
49) Gamier M, Lo Porto A, Marini R, et al. Integrated use of GLEAMS and GIS to prevent ground water pollution caused by agricultural disposal of animal waste. Envir.Manag. 1998,22:747-756
50) Gray LC. Is land being degraded? A multi-scale investigation of landscape change in southwestern Burkina Faso. Land Degrad & Develop.1999,10:329-343.
51) Grizzetti B,Bouraoui F,Granlund K,Rekolainen S,Bidoglio G.. Modelling diffuse emission and retention of nutrients in the Vantaanjoki watershed (Finland) using the SWAT model.Ecol Model,2003,169 (1):25-38.
52) Grunwald S, Norton L.D. Calibration and Validation of a Non-point Source Pollution Model.Agri Wat Manag,2000,45:17-39
53) Guay J.R., Smith P.E.Simulation of Quantity and Quality of Storm Runoff for Urban Catchments in Fresno, California. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report.1988,88-4125
54) Guay JR, Smith PE.1988. Simulation of Quantity and Quality of Storm Runoff for Urban Catchments in Fresno, California. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report.88-4125
55) Guo H.Y., Wang X.R. Quantification and index of non-point source pollution in Taihu Lake Region with GIS. Environ Geochem and Health,2004(26),147-156
56) Gustafson, E. J., and G. R.1992. Relationships between landcover proportion and indices of landscape spatial pattern.Landscape Ecology,7:101-110
57) Haan C.T., Zhang J. Impact of uncertain knowledge of model parameters on estimated runoff and phosphorus loads in the lake Okeechobee Basin. Trans. ASAE,1996,39(2):511-516
58) Hargreaves G.H, Samani Z.A. Reference crop evaportranspiration from temperature.Applied Engi in Agri,1985,1(1):96-99.
59) Harriss J. The case for cross-disciplinary approaches in international development. World Developt.2002,30:487-496.
60) Haycock N.E., Muscutt A.D..Landscape management strategies for the control of diffuse pollution. Landscape and Urban Planning,1995,31:313-321
61) He C S. Integration of geographic information systems andsimulation model for basin management. Envir Model and Soft,2003,18:809-813.
62) Herbert L Brodie, Royden N Powell. I. Agricultural non-point source water pollution control voluntary program in Maryland,Animal Waste and the Landweter Interface. Edited by Knenth Steele,Boca Rotten, Florida:Lewis Publishers,1995:449-457
63) Hession W.C., Huber K.L., Mostaghimi S et al. BMP Effectiveness Evaluation Using AGNPS and a GIS.In:International Winter Meeting in New Orleans, Lousiana,12-15 December1989 Paper(89):2 566. Am Soc Agric Eng,1-18
64) Honisch M.C, Hellmeier K.W.. Response of surface and subsurface water quality to land use changes. Geoderm,2002,105:277-298
65) Horan R.D. Differences in Social andPublic Risk Perceptions and Conflicting Impact on Point/Nonpoint Trading Ratios. American Journal of AgriculturalEconomics,2001,83(4): 934-941
66) Houghton R.W., Flagg C.N., Pietrafesa L.J. Shelf-Slope Water Frontal Structure, Motion and Eddy Heat-Flux in the Southern Middle Atlantic Bight. Deep-Sea Research Part Ⅱ-Topical Studies in Oceanography.1994,41:273-306
67) Iverson L.R.,Land-use in lliaois, USA-the influence of landscape attributes on current and historic land use. Landscape Ecology,1988,2(1):45-61
68) Jason J. Gurdak; John E. McCray; Geoffrey Thyne; Sharon L. Qi 《Ground Water)),2007, No.3
69) JenniferH. Jacobs, Ric Jensen.2003 International SWAT Conference:[dissertation].Bari: Insituto di Ricerca sulle Acque-Water Research Institute,2003
70) Jesus San Miguel-Ayanz J, Biging G.S. An iterative classification approach for mapping natural resources from satellite imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1996,17:957-982
71) Jobes TH., Kittle J.L., Bicknell B.R. A Guide to Using Special Actions in the Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN
72) Johnson L, Gage S. Landscape approaches to the analysis of aquatic ecosystems. Freshwater Biologyl997,37:113-132
73) Kamusoko C, Aniya M. Land Use/Cover Change and Landscape Fragmentation Analysis in the Bindura District, Zimbabwe. Land Degrad and Develop.2007,18:221-233
74) Knisel W.G. CREAMS. A field scale model for chemicals, runoff and erosion from agricultural management systems. Conservation Research Report No.26, USDA, Washington,1980, D.C:36-64
75) Kronvang B Nationalwide monitoring of nutrients and their ecological effects:state of the Danish aquatic environment 1993
76) Kronvang B,Graesboll P.Larsen S.E.,et al..Diffuse Nutrient Losses in Denmark.Wat Sci and Tech 1996,33(4-5):81-88
77) Kuipers A, Mandersloot F.Reducing Nutrient Losses On Dairy Farms in Netherlands.Livest Prod Sci.1999,61:139-144
78) Lahlou M., Schoemaker L., ChoudhuryS., ElmerR., Hu A., Manguerra H., and Parker, A.,
1983. BASINS Version 3.0:User's Manual, EPA,2001
79) Lambin E.F., Geist H.J. Global LU/land-cover changes-What have we learned so far? IGBP Global Change Newslette.2001,46:27-30
80) Lambin E.F., Geist H.J., Lepers E. Dynamics of land-use and land-cover change in Tropical regions. Annual Review of Environmental Resources 2003,28:205-241
81) Laney R. A process-led approach to modeling land-change in agricultural landscapes:A case study from Madagascar. Special issue:From pattern to process:Landscape Fragmentation and the analysis of land use/land cover change-Edited by D.K. Munroe, J. Southworth and H. Nagendra. Agri Ecosys and Envir.2004,101(2-3):135-153
82) Lee S.W. The relationship between landscape structure and neighborhood satisfaction. Ph.D. Dissertation. Texas A&M University, TX.2002
83) Lenhart T, Eckhardt K, Fohrer N, et al. Comparison of two different approaches of sensitivity analysis.Physics and Chemist ry of the Earth,2002,27:645-654
84) Leon L.F., Lam D.C., Swayne D.A., et al. Integration of a nonpoint source pollution model with a decision support system. Envir Mod and Soft,2000,15:249-255
85) Leon L.F., Soulis E.D., Kouwen N., et al. Nonpoint source pollution:A distributed water quality modeling approach. Water Reserv,2001,35(4):997-1007
86) Leonard R.A., Knisel W.G., Still D.A.. GLEAMS:Groundwater loading effects of agricultural management systems. Trans. ASAE,1987,30(5):1403-1418
87) Li, X., Analyzing spatial restructuring of land use patterns in a fast growing region using remote sensing and GIS.Landscape and Urban Planning,2004,69:335-354
88) Lim T.T., Edwards D.R., Workman S.R., et al..Vegetated filter strip removal of cattle manure constituents in runoff.Trans.ASAE.1998,41 (5):1375-1381
89) Liu J, Daily G.C., Ehrlich P.R., Luck G.W.. Effects of household dynamics on resource consumption and biodiversity. Nature 2003,42(1):530-533
90) Liu J.Y., Liu M.L., Tian H.Q., Zhuang D.F., Zhang Z.X., Zhang W, Tang X.M., Deng X.Z. Spatial and temporal patterns of China's cropland during 1990-2000:An analysis based on Landsat TM data. Remote Sens of Envir 2005,98:442-456
91) Liu X.H., Andersson C. Assessing the impact of temporal dynamics on land-use change modeling. Computers, Envir and Urban Sys.2004,28:107-124
92) Lucas, LF.J., Frans, J.M. Wel, V.D. Accuracy assessment of satellite derived land-cover data: a review. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing,1994,60(4):410-432
93) Maidment, D. Developing a spatially distributed unit hydrograph by using GIS. In Applications of GIS in hydrology and water resources (edited by Kovar, K. and Nachtenebel, H.) Proceedings of Vienna conf., April. IAHS publ. no.1993,211:181-192
94) Mauro Di Luzio, Jeffrey G, Arnold and Raghavan Srinivasan. Effect of GIS data quality on small watershed stream flow and sediment simulations. Hydro. Proc,2005,19,629-650
95) Mc Garigal K. and Marks B.J., FRAGSTATS:Spatial analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. Reference Mannal. Forest Science Department, Oregon state Unversity, Corvallis Oregon,March 1994.62pp.+Append.
96) McGarigal K, Cushman S.A., Neel M.C., Ene E. FRAGSTATS:Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps. Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Available at www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html.2002
97) McGarigal K, Marks B.J. FRAGSTATS:spatial pattern analysis program for quantifying landscape structure. U.S. forest Service General Technical Report PNW 351. Science.1995, 260:1905-1910
98) Meyer W.B.,Turner B.L. Human population growth and global landuse/cover change Ⅱ. Annu Rev Eco Sys,1992,23:39-61
99) Migliaccio K.W.,Chaube Y.I., Haggard B.E. Evaluation of landscape and instream modeling to predict watershed nutrient yields.Envir Modelling & Soft,2007,22 (7):987-999
100) Miller GT. Living in the Environment:An Introduction to Environmental Science.Seventh Edition.Belmont:Wadsworth Publishing Company,1992
101) Mohammed H, Yohannes F, Zeleke G. Validation of agricultural non-point source (AGNPS) pollution model in Kori watershed, South Wollo, Ethiopia International. J.Appl.Earth Obse.Geoin,2004,6:97-109
102)MorrisM.D.Factorial sampling plans for preliminary computational experiments. Technometrics.1991,33(2):161-174
103)Nandish M, Matt Mcallil, Keith S,Richards. Estination of surface water quality changes in response to land use change application of the export coefficient model using remote sensing and geographical infomation system, J. Environ. Mana 1996(48):263-282
104)Neitsch S.L, Arnold J.G, Kiniry, J.R,Williams J.R,Soil and Water Assessment Tool User's Manual Version 2000,Agriculture Research Service and Blackland Research Center,2001
105)Neitsch S.L. Differences between SWAT2003 and SWAT2005. Temple:Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Agri. Res Serv,2005
106)Neitsch S.L., Arnold J.G., Kiniry J.R., et al. Soil and water assessment tool user's manual. Temple:Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, 2002
107)Neitsch S.L.,Arnold J.G.,Kiniry J.R., Williams J.R..Soil and Water Assessment Tool Theoretical Documentation Version 2005
108)Novotny V, Chester S.G. Handbook of Nonpoint Pollution:Sources and Management.1981
109)Novotny V.A. Agricultural Nonpoint Sources Pollution:Model Selection and Application. Netherland:Elsvier Science Publishing Company Inc:1986,9-35
110)Nutter W.L., Tkacs T., Bush P.B., Neary D.G. Simulation of herbicide concentrations in stormflow from forested watersheds. J American Wat Res Assoc,2007,20:851-858
111)O'Neill R.V., Hunsaker C.T., Jones K.B., Riitters K.H., Wickham J.D., Schwartz P.M., Goodman I.A., Jackson B.L., Baillargeon W.S.. Monitoring environmental quality at the landscape scale. BioScience 1997,47:513-519
112) O'Neill R.V. Hunsaker C.T., Timmins S.P., et al..Scale problems in reporting landscape pattern at the regional scale. Lands Eco,1996,11 (3),169-180
113) O'Neill R.V., Krummel J.R., Gardner R.H.,et al. Indices of landscape pattern. Lands Eco,1988,1:294-306
114) Pan D, Domon G, De Blois S, Bouchard A. Temporal (1958-1993) and spatial patterns of land use changes in Haut-Saint-Laurent (Quebec, Canada) and their relation to landscape physical attributes, Landscape Eco.1999,14:35-52
115)Panuska JC, Moore ID, Kramer LA. Terrain analysis:Integration into the agricultural nonpoint sources (AGNPS) pollution model. J Soil and Water Conser,1991,45:59-64
116) Parry R. Agricultural phosphorus and water quality:A U. S.Environmental Protection Agency Perspective,1998
117) Percy Pacheco,Dan Farrow,Ranjan Muttiah,Raghavan Srinivasan. Development of Land-based Pollution Sources Inventory for the Gulf of Maine Regional Watershed.http://www.brc.tamus.edu/srin/projects/noaa.html. NOAA,1996
118)Perera B.J.C., Nq.A.W.M. River water quality modelling-Parameter uncertainty, sensitivity and estimation. Progress in Water Resowces.Water Pollution VI:Mod Measur and Pred,2001
119) Petit C, Lambin E.F. Impact of data integration technique on historical land-use/land-cover change:Comparing historical maps with remote sensing data in the Belgian Ardennes. Landscape Eco.2002,17:117-132
120)Pullar D,Springer Darren. Towards integrating GIS and catchment models. Enviro Mod&Soft,2000,15:451-459
121)Qihao Weng. Land use change analysis in the ZhujiangDelta of China using satellite remote sensing, GIS and stochastic modelling. J. Envir Manag.2002,64:273-284
122) Raffaele Pelorosso, Antonio Leone, Lorenzo Boccia. Land cover and land use change in the Italian central Apennines:A comparison of assessment methods. Applied Geo.2009,29:35-48
123) Ramon A, Miguel A, Norberto B. Evaluation of the origin of groundwater nitrate in the city La Plata-agentina,using isotope techniques. Hydrogeoand Land Use Manag. Bratislava, Slovak Republic,1999.323-327
124)Reenberg A. Agricultural land use pattern dynamics in the Sudan-Sahel-towards an event-driven framework. Land Use Policy.2001,18:309-319
125) Reid R.S. and Kruska, R.L.Land-use and land-cover dynamics in response to changes in climatic, biological and social-political forces:the case of southwestern Ethiopia.Landscape Eco,2000,15:339-355
126) Riitters K.H., O'Neill R.V., Hunsaker C.T., Wickham J.D., Yankee D.H., Timmins S.P., Jones K.B, Jackson B.L. A factor analysis of landscape pattern and structure metrics. Landscape Eco.1995 10:23-39
127) Robert D.L., George R.H. Impacts of agriculture on water quality in the Big Spring Basin, NE Iowa, U.S.A.Karst Hydrogeology and Human Activities. Australia,1998,1:57-58
128)Rogan J, Miller J, Stow D, Franklin J, Levien L, Fischer C. Land-cover change monitoring with classification trees using Landsat TM and ancillary data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing.2003,69:793-804
129) Roy H.Y.,Mark C.Quantifying landscape structure:a review of landscape indices and their application to forested landscapes. Progress in Physical Geograph.1996,20(4):418-445
130)Sapek, A. Application of the CREAMS model for calculation of leaching of nitrate from light soils in the Notec River Valley....,1982.
131)Serneels S, Lambin E.F. Proximate causes of land-use change in Narok District, Kenya:A spatial statistical model. Agri.Ecos & Envir,2001,85:65-81
132)Sharpley A.N, Chapra S.C, Wedepohl R. Managing agriculture phosphorus protection of surface waters:Issues and options,1994
133) Singh V.P. Computer Models of Watershed Hydrology. Littleton:Wat Res Public.1995.
134)Sivrikaya F, Kele S, Cakir G.Spatial distribution and temporal change of carbon storage in timber biomass of of two different forest management units. Envir Monitor and timber biomass Assess.2007,132:429-438
135) Smith K.A., Jackson D.R., Pepper T.J. Nutrient losses by surface runoff following the application of organic manures to arable land. Nitro. Envir Pollu,2001,112:41-51
136)Spaek A, Spaek B.Agricultural pollution abatement in Poland.Soil and Water Conser Police and Programs-Successed and Failures,2000,381-397
137)Speiqht Vanessa L,DiGiano Francis A.Water Quality Models for Analysis of Small System Operation:Case Study of Carthage.NC.World Water and Environmental Resources Congress,2003
138)Sui D.Z.,Maggio R.C. Integrating GIS with hydrological modeling:Practices,problems and prospects. Computers. Envir and Urban Sys,1999,23:33-35
139) Susanna T.Y Tong and WenLi Chen. Modeling the Relationship BeW een Land Use and Surface Water Quality. J.Envir Manag,2002,66:377-393
140)Thomann Robert V, Mueller John. Principles of Surface Water Quality Modeling and Control.NewYork:Harper & Row Publishers,1987,16(4):385-477
141)Tim U.S., Jolly R. Evaluating agriculture non-point source pollution using integrated geographic information systems and hydrologic/water quality model. J. Environ.Qual.,1994, 23(1):25-35
142)Tripathi M.P., Panda R.K., Raghuwanshi N.S. Identification and Prioritisation of Critical Sub-watersheds for Soil Conservation Management using the SWAT Model.Biosystems Engineering,2003,85(3):365-379
143)Turner M.G., Gardener R.H., O'Neill R. Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice:Pattern and process. Springer-Verlag:2001,New York
144)Udoyars S.T., Robbert J. Evaluating agriculture non-point source pollution using integrated geographic information systems and hydrologic/water quality mode.Environ Quality, 1994,23:25-35
145) Van der Molen D.T, Breeuwsma A, Boers P.C.M. Agricultural nutrient losses to surface water in the Netherlands:impact, strategies, and perspectives.1998
146) Vighi M,Chiaudani G. Eutrophication in Europe,the role of agricultural activities,1987
147) Wear D.N., Turner M.G., Naiman R.J. Institutional imprints on a developing forested landscape:implications for water quality. Eco Appli.1998,8:619-630
148) Weng Q. A remote sensing-GIS evaluation of urban expansion and its impact on surface temperature in the Zhujiang Delta, China. International Journal of Remote Sensing 22: 2001,1999-2014
149) Werner A.D.,Gallagher M.R.,Weeks S.W. Regional scale,fully coupled modelling of stream aquifer interaction in a tropicalcatchment. J. hydro,2006,328:497-251
150) Whittemore R.C. The BASINS model. Water Environ Technol,1998,10(12):57-61
151) Williams J.R, Nicks A.D, Arnold J.G. Simulator for water resources in Rural Basins.J Hydraul Eng,1985,111(6):170-196
152) Williams J.R,Jones C.A, Dyke P T. A modeling approach to delermining the relationship between erosion and soil productivity.Trans.ASAE,1984,27(l):129-144
153) Williams J.R., Hann R.W. Optimal operation of large agricultural watersheds with water quality constraints.Texas:Texas Water Resources Institute, Texas A&M University,1978
154) Williams J.R.SPNM, a model for predicting sediment, phosphorus, nitrogen yields from agricultural basins.Water Resour Bull,1980,16(5):843-848
155) Winter J.G., Duthie H.C..Export coefficient modeling to assess phosphorus loading in an urban watershed.J of Ameri Water Res Associ,2000,36(5):1053-1062
156) Wu J. Effects of changing scale on landscape pattern analysis:scaling relations. Landscape Ecol.2004,19:125-138
157)Wu J., Shen W., Sun W., Tueller P.T., Empirical patterns of the effects of changing scale on landscape metrics. Landscape Ecol,2002,17:761-782
158)Wu Kansheng and Xu Y. Jun. Evaluation of the Applicability of the SWAT Model forCoastal Watershed in Southeastern Louisiana. Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2006,10:1247-1260
159) Yeh A.G.O, Li X. Economic development and agricultural land loss in the Pearl River Delta, China. Habitat International.1999,23:373-390
160) Yeh A.G.O, Li X. Sustainable land development model for rapid growth areas using GIS. International J. Geo Info Sci 1998,12:169-189
161) Yeh A.G.O,Li X. Urban growth management in the Pearl River delta-an integrated remote sensing and GIS approach.The ITC Journal,1996,1:77-85
162) Yong Li, Jiabao Zhang. Agricultural diffuse pollution from fertilizers and pesticides in China. Wat.Sci.Tech.1999,39(3):25-32
163) Young R.A., Onstad C.A., Bosch D.D., et al. AGNPS:A nonpoint-sources pollution model for evaluating agricultural watersheds. J.Soil. Water Conserv 1989.44(2):168-173
164)Zalidis G, Stamatiadis S, Takavakoglou V, Eskridge K, Misopolinos N, Impacts of agricultural practices on soil and water quality in the Mediterranean region and proposed assessment methodology. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ,2002,88:137-146
165)Zhang Y.L.Agricultural chemistry and Biosphere.Water resource research,1979,15:139-147
166)《2006中国环境状况公报》北京：国家环境保护总局,2006,22(6)：808-81660-63
167)鲍全盛,王华东,毛显强.我国水环境非点源污染研究进展.环境科学进展,1995,3(3)：31-36
168)鲍全盛,王华东.我国水环境非点源污染研究与展望.地理科学,1996,16(1)：66-72
169)卜坤,张树文,闰业超等.二江平原不同流域水上流失变化特征分析.地理科学,2008,28(3)：361-368
170)蔡崇法,丁树文.应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量研究.水土保持学报,2000,2：113-120
171)蔡永明,张科利,李双才.不同粒径间土壤质地资料的转换问题研究.土壤学报,2003,40(4)：511-517
172)仓恒瑾,许炼峰,李志安,任海.农业非点源污染控制中的最佳管理措施及其发展趋势.生态科学,2005,24(2)：
173)曹文志,洪华生,张玉珍等AGNPS在我国东南亚地区的检验.环境科学学报,2002,22(4)：537-540
174)陈国湖.农业非点源污染模型AGNPS及GIS的应用.人民长江,1998,29(4)：20-22
175)陈洪波,王业耀.国外最佳管理措施在农业非点源污染防治中的应用.环境污染与防治,2006,28(4)：279-282
176)陈华林,陈英旭.污染底泥修复技术进展.农业环境保护,2002,21(2)：179-182
177)陈慧.澳大利亚的全流域管理.环境导报,1997,(1)：3-6
178)陈军锋,陈秀万SWAT模型的水量平衡及其在梭磨河流域的应用.北京大学学报(自然科学版).2004,40(20)：256-270
179)陈军锋,李秀彬.森林植被变化对流域水文影响的争论.自然资源学报,2001,16(5)：25-29
180)陈军锋,李秀彬.土地覆被变化的水文响应模拟研究.应用生态学报,2004年5期
181)陈克平,宁大同.基于GIS非点源污染模型的地形因子分析.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),1997,33(2)：281-284
182)陈利顶,傅伯杰,徐建英等.基于“源一汇”生态过程的景观格局识别方法-景观空间负荷对比指数.生态学报.2003,23(11)：2406-2413
183)陈利顶,傅伯杰,张淑荣.异质景观中非点源污染动态变化比较研究.生态学报,2002
184)陈利顶,傅伯杰.农业生态系统管理与非点源污染控制.环境科学,2000,21(2)：98-100
185)陈满荣,余立中.GIS在农业非点源污染研究中的应用.农业环境保护,2000,5
186)陈西平,黄时达.涪陵地区农田径流污染输出负荷定量化研究.环境科学,1991,12(3)：75-79
187)陈西平.计算降雨及农田径流污染负荷的三峡库区模型.中国环境科学,1993,12(1)：48-52
188)程红光,郝芳华,任希岩等不同降雨条件下非点源污染氮负荷入河系数研究,环境科学学报,2006,26(3)：392-397
189)崔键,马友华,赵艳萍等.农业面源污染的特性及防治对策.中国农学通报,2006,22(1)：335-340
190)代晋国,王淑莹,李利生等.基于GIS的非点源污染的研究及应用.安全与环境学报,2003,3(6)：36-39
191)董维红.我国农村水环境非点源污染研究进展.世界地质,2002,1(21)：57-62
192)段淑怀,路炳军,王晓燕.浅谈北京市山区水土流失与非点源污染.中国水土保持,2007,9：10-11
193)冯庆,王晓燕.滇池流域非点源污染研究进展.云南地理环境研究,2008,(01)：59-55
194)高超,朱继业等.基于非点源污染控制的景观格局优化方法与原则.生态学报,2004,24(1)：109-113
195)辜来章,郝淑英.滇池流域农田非点源负荷定量化的研究.水资源保护,1992,(2)：11-19
196)郭旭东,陈利顶,傅伯杰.土地利用/土地覆被变化对区域生态环境的影响.环境科学进展.1999,7(6)：66-75
197)国家环保总局.运河及典型河网水量调控研究报告.北京,1990：159-174
198)国家环保总局南京环境科学研究所.太湖流域污染源调查及污染负荷分析.南京,1997：8-66
199)郝芳华,陈立群等.土地利用变化对产流和产沙的影响分析.水土保持学报,2004,18(3)：5-8
200)何萍,王家骥.非点源污染控制与管理研究的现状、困境与挑战.农业环境保护,1999,18(5)：45-50
201)何晓云,胡晔.太湖流域杭嘉湖地区地面水环境质量分析.环境污染与防治,2000,22(6)：33-36
202)贺宝根,周乃展等.农田降雨径流污染模型探讨.长江流域资源与环境,2001,10(3)：159-165
203)贺缠生,傅伯杰等.非点源污染的管理及控制.环境科学,1998,9：87-92
204)侯越.农业非点源污染的危害与防治措施.水资源与水工程学报,2008,19(4)：103-107
205)胡远安,程海通,贾海峰.非点源模型中的水文模拟-以SWAT模型在芦溪小流域的应用为例.环境科学研究,2003,16(5)：29-36
206)胡远安,程声通.袁水上游小流域非点源污染研究.农业环境科学学报,2003,22(3)：442-445
207)黄虹,邹长伟,陈新庚.中国非点源污染研究评述.生态环境,200413(2)：255-257
208)黄清华,张万昌.SWAT分布式水文模型在黑河干流山区流域的改进及应用.南京林业大学学报,2004,3：22-26
209)黄涛珍,袁汝华.气候异常对太湖流域水资源及社会经济影响的对策分析,地理学报,2000,(21)：12-19
210)荚德安,陈金林,王世红,赵冬青.太湖流域农田生态系统管理与非点源污染控制.长江流域资源与环境,2007,(04)：56-63
211)姜馨,吴健平等.基于RS和GIS的农业土地利用污染分析.上海环境科学,2004,23(3)：104-
107
212)蒋鸿昆,高海鹰,张奇.农业面源污染最佳管理措施(BMPs)在我国的应用.农业环境与发展,2006(4)：64-67
213)蒋勇军,袁道先,谢世友,李林立,张贵,何绕生.典型岩溶农业区地下水质与土地利用变化分析-以云南小江流域为例.地理学报,2006,61(5)：471-481
214)焦锋,秦伯强,黄文钎.小流域水环境管理以宜兴湖涤镇为例.中国环境科学,2003,23(2)：220-224
215)焦锋,秦伯强.土地利用与流域水环境管理研究.上海环境科学,2002,21(1)：17-19
216)金相灿,叶春,颜昌宙等.太湖重点污染控制区综合治理方案研究.环境科学研究,1999,12(5)：1-5
217)金洋,李恒鹏,李金莲.太湖流域土地利用变化对非点源污染负荷量的影响.农业环境科学学报,2007,26(4)：1214-1218
218)柯强,赵静,王少平等.最大日负荷总量(TMDL)技术在农业面源污染控制与管理中的应用与发展趋势.生态与农村环境学报,2009,25(1)：85-91,111
219)赖格英,于革.太湖流域营养物质输移的模拟评估研究.河海大学学报：自然科学版,2007,(2)：140-144
220)李昌峰,高俊峰等.土地利用变化对水资源影响研究的现状和趋势.土壤学报,2002,19(1)：20-28
221)李贵宝,尹澄清,单宝庆.非点源污染控制与管理研究的概况与展望.农业环境保护,2001,20(3)：190-191
222)李怀恩,沈晋,刘玉生.流域非点源污染模型的建立与应用实例.环境科学学报,1997,17(2)：142-147
223)李怀恩,沈晋编著.非点源污染数学模型.西北工业大学出版社,1996
224)李俊然,陈利顶,傅伯杰等.于桥水库流域地表水非点源N时空变化特征.地理科学,2002,22(2)：238-242
225)李雷,戴万宏.巢湖水体富营养化污染现状及防治对策.中国水土保持,2009,7：181-184
226)李硕,孙波,曾志远.遥感和GIS辅助下流域养分迁移过程的计算机模拟.应用生态学报,2004,15(2)：278-282
227)李硕.GIS和遥感辅助下流域模拟的空间离散化与参数化研究与应用.南京师范大学,2002,35-41
228)李秀彬.全球环境变化研究的核心领域-土地利用/土地覆被变化的国际研究动向.地理学报，1996,51(6)：553-557
229)李志博,王起超,陈静.农业生态系统中氮素循环研究进展.土壤与环境,2002,11(4)：417-421
230)李忠锋,王一谋,玛疏荪等.基于RS与GIS的榆林地区土地利用变化分析.水土保持学报,2003,17(2)：97-100
231)刘昌明,李道峰,田英等.基于DEM的分布式水文模型在大尺度流域应用研究.地理科学进展,2003,22(5)：437-445
232)刘国东.水环境中不确定性方法的研究现状与展望.水科学进展,1996,4(4)：46-52
233)刘瑞民,杨志峰,丁晓雯等.土地利用履盖变化对长江上游非点源污染的影响研究.环境科学,2006,27(12)：2408-2414
234)刘忠翰,彭江燕.化肥氮素在水稻田中迁移与淋失的模拟研究.农村生态环境,2000,16(2)：16-24
235)吕唤春.千岛湖非流域农业非点源污染及其生态效应的研究.浙江大学博士学位论文,2002,6
236)吕喜玺,沈荣明.土壤可蚀性因子K值的初步研究.水土保持学报,1992,6(1)：63-70
237)吕耀.苏南太湖流域农业非点源污染及农业持续发展战略.环境科学动态,1998,(2)：1-4
238)马立珊,钱敏仁等.太湖流域水环境硝态氮和亚硝态氮污染的研究.环境科学,1998,8(2)：60-65
239)马立珊,汪祖强,张水铭等.苏南太湖水系农业面源污染及其控制对策研究.环境科学学报,1997,17(1)：39-47
240)马梅,童中华.安乐安江水和沉积物样品的生物毒性评估.环境化学,1997,16(2)：167-171
241)马蔚纯,陈立民,李建忠等.水环境非点源污染数学模型研究进展.地球科学进展,2003,18(3)：358-366
242)彭奎,朱波.讨论农业养分的非点源污染与管理.环境保护,2001,1
243)彭盛华,赵俊琳,袁弘任.GIS技术在水资源和水环境领域中的应用.水科学进展,2001,2(6)：264-269
244)任伯帜,邓仁健,李文健.SWMM模型原理及其在霞凝港区的应用.水运工程,2006,(4)：41-47
245)阮晓红.非点源污染负荷的水环境影响及其定量化方法研究.河海大学博士学位论文,2002
246)宋鹏飞.太原市城区土地利用景观格局分析及其优化研究.硕士毕业论文,2005,6
247)孙娟,顾霜妹,李强坤.水土流失与农业非点源污染.水利科技与经济,2008,14(12)：963-966
248)索安宁,王天明,王辉等.基于格局过程理论的非点源污染实证研究：以黄上丘陵沟壑区水上流失为例.环境科学,2006,27(12)：2415-2420
249)唐莲,白丹.农业活动非点源污染与水环境恶化.环境保护,2003.3：18-20
250)田平.基于GIS杭嘉湖地区农田氮磷径流流失研究.2006,浙江大学硕士学位论文
251)万超,张思聪.基于GIS的潘家口水库面源污染负荷计算.水力发电学报.2003
252)万荣荣,杨桂山.太湖流域土地利用变化及其空间分异特征研究.长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(3)：298-303
253)王超.地下水环境管理与污染防治技术.污染防治技术,1997,(01)
254)王飞儿,吕唤春,陈英旭,王栋.基于AnnAGNPS模型的千岛湖流域氨、磷输出总量预测.农业工程学报,2003,19(6)：281-284
255)王晓峰.北京市密云水库上游石匣小流域非点源污染特征研究.首都师范大学硕士学位论文,2001
256)王晓燕.非点源污染及其管理.北京：海洋出版社,2003,28-41
257)王玉合,张贵文SWAT模型简介及其在非点源污染研究中的应用.科技广场,2008(05)：67-86
258)王宇峰.硕士论文
259)王中根,刘昌明,黄友波.SWAT模型的结构、原理及应用研究.地理科学进展,2003,1：79-86
260)魏怀斌,张占庞,杨金鹏.SWAT模型土壤数据库建立方法.水利水电技术,2007,38(6)：15-19
261)邬建国.景观生态学-概念与理论.生态学杂志,2000,19(1)：42-52
262)邬建国.景观生态学-格局、过程、尺度与等级.北京：高等教育出版社,2000
263)吴汉红,刘玲.农业非点源污染研究.农业环境与发展,2006(5)：58-60.
264)夏立忠,杨林章,吴春加等.太湖地区典型小城镇降雨径流N、P负荷空间分布的研究.农业环境科学学报,2003,22(3)：267-270
265)夏立忠,杨林章.太湖流域非点源污染研究与控制.长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(1)：45-49
266)谢正苗,李静,徐建明,吴卫红.基于GIS杭嘉湖平原土壤氟的质量评价.环境科学,2006,
27(5)：1026-1031
267)邢光熹,曹亚澄,施书莲等.太湖地区水体氮的污染源和反硝化中国科学B辑,2001,31(2)：130-137
268)胥彦玲.基于行政单元的陕西黑河流域非点源磷负荷估算.2006年全国博士生学术论坛大连理工大学,2006
269)徐关明.嘉兴市水环境现状分析及治理对策.2004太湖高级论坛交流文集,2004,12
270)徐慧,崔广柏.太湖供用水现状及形势分析.河海大学学报,2004,32
271)许书军.三峡库区农业非点源污染源调查分析及过程评价.西南大学硕士学位论文,2004
272)阎伍玖,王心源.巢湖流域非点源污染初步研究.地理科学,1998,18(3)：263-267
273)阎伍玫.巢湖流域不同土地利用类型地表径流污染特征研究.长江流域资源与环境,1998,7(3)：274-277
274)彦秉龙,杭嘉湖区域改善水环境调水方案研究.2006,硕士论文
275)杨爱玲,朱颜明.城市地表饮用水源保护研究进展.地理科学,2000,20(1)：72-77
276)杨桂莲.郝芳华.刘昌明.张雪松基于SWAT模型的基流估算及评价-以洛河流域为例.地理科学进展,2003(5)
277)杨新,延军平.无定河年径流量变化特征及人为驱动力分析.地球科学进展,2005,20(6)：637-642
278)于涛,孟伟,Edwin Ongley等.我国非点源负荷研究中的问题探讨.环境科学学报,2008,28(3)：401-407
279)于兴修,杨桂山.典型流域土地利用/覆被变化及对水质的影响.长江流域资源与环境,2003,12(3)：211-217
280)岳隽,王仰麟.基于水环境保护的流域景观格局优化理念初探.地理科学进展,2007,26(3)：39-46
281)曾思育,杜鹏飞,陈吉宁.流域污染负荷模型的比较研究.水科学进展,2006,7(1)：107-111
282)曾志远.卫星遥感图像计算机分类及地学应用研究.北京：科学出版社,2004
283)张春玲.陕西省汉江、丹江非点源污染及控制对策.水资源与水工程学报,2002
284)张从.中国农村面源污染的环境影响及其控制对策.环境科学动态,2001,第4期
285)张秋玲,陈英旭等.非点源污染模型研究进展.应用生态学报,2007,18(8)：1886-1890
286)张秋玲等.兴隆山地区景观格局变化及驱动因子.生态学报,2007,27(8)：3206-3214
287)张认连.模拟降雨研究水网地区农田氮磷的流失；中国农业科学院,2004年
288)张淑荣,陈利顶,傅伯杰.于桥水库流域农业非点源磷污染控制区划研究.地理科学,2004,24(2)：232-237
289)张水龙,庄季屏.农业非点源污染研究现状与发展趋势.生态学杂志,1998,17(6)：51-55
290)张素梅,王宗明,张柏.石头口门水库流域土地利用/覆被变化对非点源污染负荷的影响.生态科学,2009,28(1)：66-72
291)张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策.中国农业科学,2004,37(7)：1008-1017
292)张侠,葛向东,濮励杰等.土地利用的经济生态为分析和耕地保护机制研究.自然资源学报,2002,17(6)：677-683
293)张侠,赵德义.水土保持研究综述.地质技术经济管理,2004,26(3)：26-34
294)张秀爱.农村水污染存在的问题及改善对策.农业知识：科技与三农,2009,48-50
295)张雪松,郝芳华,杨志峰.基于SWAT模型的中尺度流域产流产沙模拟研究.水土保持研究,2003,10(4)：38-42
296)张玉珍.九龙江上游五川流域农业非点源污染研究.厦门大学博士学位论文,2003
297)张运生.GIS和遥感辅助下的江西激水河流域化学径流计算机模拟探讨.南京师范大学,2003,20-27
298)张中杰.农业非点源污染来源及其防治措施.地下水,2007,29(5)：98-100
299)章明奎,李建国.农业非点源污染控制的最佳管理实践.浙江农业学报,2005,17(5)：244-250.
300)章明奎,魏孝孚,厉仁安.浙江省土系概论.北京：中国农业科技出版社,2000
301)郑东海,王凌,曾红娟等.松涛水库流域非点源污染负荷模拟模型.环境科学学报,2009,29(6)：1311-1320
302)郑涛等.非点源污染控制研究进展.环境保护,2005,6(2)：31-34
303)郑一,王学军.非点源污染研究的进展与展望.水科学进展,2002,13(1)：105-110
304)周慧平,许有鹏,葛小平.GIS支持下非点源污染模型应用分析.水土保持通报,2003,23(3)：
305)周静波,张宗应.我国水体富营养化的产生根源与治理对策.安徽农业科学,2009,37(21)：10126-10128
306)朱罡,程胜高,安琪.区域地表水面源污染负荷的GIS计算方法研究.湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006
307)朱秋潮,范浩定.土壤颗粒组成分级标准的换算.土壤通报,1999，30(2)：53-54
308)朱铁群.我国水环境农业非点源污染防治研究简述.农村生态环境,2000,第3期
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |