基于关系资本的成长性中小企业关系资源整合能力的研究
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摘要
中小企业在我国经济发展中起着不可低估的作用,为中国调整经济结构、提供就业岗位和技术创新起着日益重要的作用,已成为我国经济的活力之源。但是在市场竞争愈加激烈的今天,中小企业的发展却面临着前所未有的难题。与大企业相比,中小企业在营销能力、资金运营能力、人力资源管理能力等方面存在着较大的差距。导致中小企业如果独自发展,将会在人才、技术、管理上遇到很大困难,从而陷入发展困境。有些中小企业选择构建、积累关系资本,使自己存在于关系合作网络中,通过合作来整合优势资源,获取企业成长所需的资金、人员、信息、服务、建议、知识、机会等,提高中小企业的核心竞争力,降低企业风险,克服困难,从而谋求企业的共同发展。
目前关于成长性中小企业如何进行关系资本构建的研究还很少涉及,研究界对于大企业如何在网络中获取资源要素,建立竞争优势研究较多,而对于处于劣势的中小企业应该具备何种能力去构建怎样的关系资本以建立自己的竞争优势的研究甚少。本文通过对关系资本相关理论的综述,界定了关系资本的内涵为关系资源整合能力；确定了关系资本构造因素变量；通过对中小企业成长绩效相关理论的综述,提出了中小企业成长的绩效指标；建立了成长性中小企业关系资本构建的模型。本文以成长性中小企业为调查对象,利用结构方程的方法进行了实证分析,对建立的模型进行了检验,得出研究结果。
本文认为通过构建关系资本、提升企业的关系资源整合能力的方式是促进中小企业成长的有效途径。可以通过建立信任、提高企业所在网络位置的中心度、丰富企业拥有的异质资源数量、增加入际情感紧密程度去构建关系资本。促进中小企业的成长,提升关系资源整合能力主要在于提高企业的信息获取能力、资源调动能力、网络影响力、人际关系协调能力和价值要素的创新组合能力。
Small and Medium Enterprises play in economic development can not be underestimated, as China adjust economic structure, providing jobs and technological innovation play an increasingly important role, has become the lifeblood of our economy. But increasingly fierce competition in the market today, the development of Small and Medium Enterprises are facing unprecedented challenges. Compared with large enterprises, Small and Medium Enterprises in marketing, finance operations capabilities, such as human resource management there is a big gap. Led to the development of Small and Medium Enterprises, if alone, would be in personnel, technology, management has been difficult to develop into a predicament. Some Small and Medium Enterprises Select construction, accumulation of relational capital, exist in relation to their co-operation network, integration of advantageous resources through cooperation, the funds required for business growth, personnel, information, services, advice, knowledge, opportunities to improve Small and Medium Enterprises core competencies, reduce business risk, overcome difficulties, to seek common development of enterprises.
Currently on the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises how to build relational capital research has rarely, the research community for large enterprises to acquire resources in the network elements, build competitive advantage of more, and for small and medium enterprises at a disadvantage which should have capacity to how to build relational capital to create their own competitive advantages of little. Based on the overview of the theory of relational capital, defined as the relationship between relational capital resources, ability to integrate content; determine the relationship between factors of capital structure variable; growth performance of Small and Medium Enterprises through a synthesis of theories put forward indicators of the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises; established growth model for Small and Medium Enterprises build relationship capital.In this paper, growth of Small and Medium Enterprises for the survey, using structural equation methods to the empirical analysis, the model was tested, the study results.
By building this relationship that the capital resources to enhance relationship between business integration approach is an effective way to promote growth of Small and Medium Enterprises. Can build confidence, improve enterprise network location where the center of degrees, a rich number of enterprises have heterogeneous resources, increasing the degree of close interpersonal emotions to build relational capital. Promote the growth of small and medium enterprises to improve relations between the major resource integration is to improve enterprise information access capabilities, resource mobilization capacity, network influence, interpersonal relations, coordination and value the innovative combination of capacity factor.
目前关于成长性中小企业如何进行关系资本构建的研究还很少涉及,研究界对于大企业如何在网络中获取资源要素,建立竞争优势研究较多,而对于处于劣势的中小企业应该具备何种能力去构建怎样的关系资本以建立自己的竞争优势的研究甚少。本文通过对关系资本相关理论的综述,界定了关系资本的内涵为关系资源整合能力；确定了关系资本构造因素变量；通过对中小企业成长绩效相关理论的综述,提出了中小企业成长的绩效指标；建立了成长性中小企业关系资本构建的模型。本文以成长性中小企业为调查对象,利用结构方程的方法进行了实证分析,对建立的模型进行了检验,得出研究结果。
本文认为通过构建关系资本、提升企业的关系资源整合能力的方式是促进中小企业成长的有效途径。可以通过建立信任、提高企业所在网络位置的中心度、丰富企业拥有的异质资源数量、增加入际情感紧密程度去构建关系资本。促进中小企业的成长,提升关系资源整合能力主要在于提高企业的信息获取能力、资源调动能力、网络影响力、人际关系协调能力和价值要素的创新组合能力。
Small and Medium Enterprises play in economic development can not be underestimated, as China adjust economic structure, providing jobs and technological innovation play an increasingly important role, has become the lifeblood of our economy. But increasingly fierce competition in the market today, the development of Small and Medium Enterprises are facing unprecedented challenges. Compared with large enterprises, Small and Medium Enterprises in marketing, finance operations capabilities, such as human resource management there is a big gap. Led to the development of Small and Medium Enterprises, if alone, would be in personnel, technology, management has been difficult to develop into a predicament. Some Small and Medium Enterprises Select construction, accumulation of relational capital, exist in relation to their co-operation network, integration of advantageous resources through cooperation, the funds required for business growth, personnel, information, services, advice, knowledge, opportunities to improve Small and Medium Enterprises core competencies, reduce business risk, overcome difficulties, to seek common development of enterprises.
Currently on the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises how to build relational capital research has rarely, the research community for large enterprises to acquire resources in the network elements, build competitive advantage of more, and for small and medium enterprises at a disadvantage which should have capacity to how to build relational capital to create their own competitive advantages of little. Based on the overview of the theory of relational capital, defined as the relationship between relational capital resources, ability to integrate content; determine the relationship between factors of capital structure variable; growth performance of Small and Medium Enterprises through a synthesis of theories put forward indicators of the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises; established growth model for Small and Medium Enterprises build relationship capital.In this paper, growth of Small and Medium Enterprises for the survey, using structural equation methods to the empirical analysis, the model was tested, the study results.
By building this relationship that the capital resources to enhance relationship between business integration approach is an effective way to promote growth of Small and Medium Enterprises. Can build confidence, improve enterprise network location where the center of degrees, a rich number of enterprises have heterogeneous resources, increasing the degree of close interpersonal emotions to build relational capital. Promote the growth of small and medium enterprises to improve relations between the major resource integration is to improve enterprise information access capabilities, resource mobilization capacity, network influence, interpersonal relations, coordination and value the innovative combination of capacity factor.
引文
①边燕杰,丘海雄.企业的社会资本与其功效[J].中国社会科学,2000,2：87—207.
①Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundation of Social Theory. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
①Granovetter, Mark. (1993), The Nature of Economic Relationships. In Richard Swedberd (ed.), Explorations in Economic Sociology. New York:Russell Sage Foundation.
[1]陈介玄(1994).协力网络与生活结构——台湾中小企业的社会经济分析[M].台北：联经出版社：12-18
[2]彭庆恩(1996).关系资本和地位获得[J].社会学研究,(4)：21-24
[3]杨光飞(2006).“关系资本”升格之合法性质疑[J].人文杂志.(2)：23-32
[4]孙立平(1999).关系、社会关系与社会结构[J].社会学研究.(5)：33-37
[5]吴思华(2000).网际网路智慧资本衡量与发展措施研究,经济部工业局软件五年发展计划：22-23
[6]吴安妮(2003).智慧资本的类别与评价机制之探讨,智慧资本的创造与管理研讨会.
[7]林南(2001).社会资本：争鸣的范式与实证的检验[J].香港社会学学报(2)：1-38。
[8]李延喜,包世泽(2006),孔宪京.环境风险、资本结构、成长性与企业绩效.科研管理.
[9]袁智慧,陈险峰.(2005)中外企业绩效评价历程及发展.中国农业会计,(4)：18-20.
[10]牛丽文(2005)张进.企业绩效评价指标体系研究.商场现代化,(12)：19—20.
[11]朱庆华,曲英,武春友(2006).基于统计分析的绩效评价方法研究.大连理工大学学报
[12]温素彬(2007)基于可持续发展观的企业绩效评价模式研究.财会月刊,(2)：35-37.
[13]储小平.(2003)社会关系资本与华人家族企业的创业及发展[J].南开管理评论,4-8
[14]李惠斌、杨雪冬.(2000)社会资本与社会发展[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社：67—69。
[15]林南著,张磊译.(2004)社会资本—关于社会结构与行动的理论[M].上海：上海人民出版社：42—47。
[16]罗家德.(2002)NQ风暴—关系管理的智慧[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社：204-205
[17]郭熙保,张克中(2003)社会资本、经济绩效与经济发展[J],经济评论,(2)：8-11
[18]孙捷,(2004).企业的社会资本研究[D].浙江：浙江大学硕士学位论文.21-29
[19]汤蕙,(2005)企业社会资本的产生与发展[J],科技创业月刊,(7)：28—29.
[20]边燕杰,丘海雄.企业的社会资本与其功效[J].中国社会科学,2000,2：87—207.
[21]Bontis N (1998). Intellectual Capital:An Exploratory Study that Develops Measures and Models [J]. Management Decision 36(2):63-72.
[22]Portes (1995) The Economic Sociology of Immigration, New York:Russell Sage Portes A, Landolt P.1996; The Downside of Social Capital, American Prospect 26:18-22.
[23]Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundation of Social Theory. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press:
[24]Coleman, James S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology,94 Supplement:95-120.
[25]Granovetter, Mark. (1993), The Nature of Economic Relationships. In Richard Swedberd (ed.), Explorations in Economic Sociology. New York:Russell Sage Foundation:18-23
[26]E.T. Penrose (1959).The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, Oxford:Oxford University Press:44-47
[27]Olsen, M. D, West, J. J, Tse, E.C. (1998) Strategic management in the hospitality industry. Bostorx Wiley:19-26
[28]Stigler G. (1939) Produetion and Distribution in the Short Runjourn. al of
Politieal Economy, (6):305-327
[29]Johan Wiklund. (1999) The sustainability of the entrepreneurial orientation- performance Relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37 - 48.
[30]Holmlund, Maria. (2001) The D&D Model:Dimensions and Domains of Relationship Quality Perceptions [J]. Service Industries Journal,21(3):13-36.
[31]Achim Walter, ThiloA. Muller, Gabriele Helfert, Thomas Ritter, (2003) Functions of industrial supplier relationships and their impaction relationship quality, Industrial Marketing Management.32(1);152-169
[32]Hamilton, Gary G. (ed.) (1996). Asian Business Networks. New York:de Gruyter.
①Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundation of Social Theory. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
①Granovetter, Mark. (1993), The Nature of Economic Relationships. In Richard Swedberd (ed.), Explorations in Economic Sociology. New York:Russell Sage Foundation.
[1]陈介玄(1994).协力网络与生活结构——台湾中小企业的社会经济分析[M].台北：联经出版社：12-18
[2]彭庆恩(1996).关系资本和地位获得[J].社会学研究,(4)：21-24
[3]杨光飞(2006).“关系资本”升格之合法性质疑[J].人文杂志.(2)：23-32
[4]孙立平(1999).关系、社会关系与社会结构[J].社会学研究.(5)：33-37
[5]吴思华(2000).网际网路智慧资本衡量与发展措施研究,经济部工业局软件五年发展计划：22-23
[6]吴安妮(2003).智慧资本的类别与评价机制之探讨,智慧资本的创造与管理研讨会.
[7]林南(2001).社会资本：争鸣的范式与实证的检验[J].香港社会学学报(2)：1-38。
[8]李延喜,包世泽(2006),孔宪京.环境风险、资本结构、成长性与企业绩效.科研管理.
[9]袁智慧,陈险峰.(2005)中外企业绩效评价历程及发展.中国农业会计,(4)：18-20.
[10]牛丽文(2005)张进.企业绩效评价指标体系研究.商场现代化,(12)：19—20.
[11]朱庆华,曲英,武春友(2006).基于统计分析的绩效评价方法研究.大连理工大学学报
[12]温素彬(2007)基于可持续发展观的企业绩效评价模式研究.财会月刊,(2)：35-37.
[13]储小平.(2003)社会关系资本与华人家族企业的创业及发展[J].南开管理评论,4-8
[14]李惠斌、杨雪冬.(2000)社会资本与社会发展[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社：67—69。
[15]林南著,张磊译.(2004)社会资本—关于社会结构与行动的理论[M].上海：上海人民出版社：42—47。
[16]罗家德.(2002)NQ风暴—关系管理的智慧[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社：204-205
[17]郭熙保,张克中(2003)社会资本、经济绩效与经济发展[J],经济评论,(2)：8-11
[18]孙捷,(2004).企业的社会资本研究[D].浙江：浙江大学硕士学位论文.21-29
[19]汤蕙,(2005)企业社会资本的产生与发展[J],科技创业月刊,(7)：28—29.
[20]边燕杰,丘海雄.企业的社会资本与其功效[J].中国社会科学,2000,2：87—207.
[21]Bontis N (1998). Intellectual Capital:An Exploratory Study that Develops Measures and Models [J]. Management Decision 36(2):63-72.
[22]Portes (1995) The Economic Sociology of Immigration, New York:Russell Sage Portes A, Landolt P.1996; The Downside of Social Capital, American Prospect 26:18-22.
[23]Coleman, J. S. (1990). Foundation of Social Theory. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press:
[24]Coleman, James S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology,94 Supplement:95-120.
[25]Granovetter, Mark. (1993), The Nature of Economic Relationships. In Richard Swedberd (ed.), Explorations in Economic Sociology. New York:Russell Sage Foundation:18-23
[26]E.T. Penrose (1959).The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, Oxford:Oxford University Press:44-47
[27]Olsen, M. D, West, J. J, Tse, E.C. (1998) Strategic management in the hospitality industry. Bostorx Wiley:19-26
[28]Stigler G. (1939) Produetion and Distribution in the Short Runjourn. al of
Politieal Economy, (6):305-327
[29]Johan Wiklund. (1999) The sustainability of the entrepreneurial orientation- performance Relationship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37 - 48.
[30]Holmlund, Maria. (2001) The D&D Model:Dimensions and Domains of Relationship Quality Perceptions [J]. Service Industries Journal,21(3):13-36.
[31]Achim Walter, ThiloA. Muller, Gabriele Helfert, Thomas Ritter, (2003) Functions of industrial supplier relationships and their impaction relationship quality, Industrial Marketing Management.32(1);152-169
[32]Hamilton, Gary G. (ed.) (1996). Asian Business Networks. New York:de Gruyter.
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