论我国公务员道德建设
摘要
公务员道德建设是我国公务员制度的一项重要内容,随着我国公务员制度的不断完善,公务员道德建设的重要性日益凸显出来。我国的公务员道德建设既取得了一定的成绩,也还存在着许多问题和不足。而发达国家在公务员道德建设方面的经验对我国公务员道德建设有着深刻的启示。本文通过归纳总结西方发达国家和一些发展中国家在公务员道德建设方面的经验,从一个新的角度对公务员的道德建设进行阐述,并提出公务员道德建设的几点建议,以期解决我国公务员道德建设相对滞后的现状。
本文大体分为三个部分,首先是中西方国家对公务员道德概念的界定,并对公务员道德失范进行了理论层面的分析;其次是归纳总结了国外公务员道德建设的内容和特点;其三,分析我国公务员道德失范的表现及成因,并在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上提出加强我国公务员道德建设的对策性措施。
Chinese and foreign civilized histories have already shown that no matter how developed the material progress is, without their cores of the conduct of morals, progress of society and civilization would been unable to support, and the public administrative field can not been there without the ethical involvement. As the civil servant of government's main body, make the policy as well as pursue a policy, have close connections with the broad masses of the people, his spiritual civilization's intensity, level of the morals level, all have direct influence to the people, on social conduct. There are important meanings in fostering and carrying forward civil servant's spirit to strengthen the civil servant's morals construction. Some developed countries have accumulated abundant experience in civil servant's ethical construction aspect, where this text has probed into the morals of civil servant of our country of strengthening and built on the basis of summing up and summarizing foreign advanced experience.
The full text is divided into three parts:
Part one: explain the definition about civil servant's concept of China and Western country at first, define modern meaning and range of the western countries and Chinese civil servant; Concrete laws and regulations to combine China's Mainland, Hong Kong, U.S.A., Britain, Canada, etc. define what civil servant’s codes of ethic are. Though China and Western country has difference in the language is expressed to the content of civil servant's code of ethic, but there are the same criterion norms, all put emphasis on being loyal to principles such as the country, honest and upright interests administering the state according to law, safeguarding others, etc.
Secondly, lose to morals Fan carry on theory analysis of aspect, point out any social shape is any social historical period, will have morals lose phenomenon Fan, this social development embodiment of objective law. Violent change of China's social development since the origin of demonstration which the present civil servant of our country reached lay in last century in the eighties, make people unable to rebuild the code of ethic of ethics in conformity with market economic system at the same pace as development of social economic law.
Finally, combined the national conditions of our country and explained that strengthen civil servant's morals and build the necessity at the present stage: Strengthen civil servant's morals construction, enable its inherent requirement of living in status and job characteristic; It is the requirement that the administrative system operates and develops healthily; It is the important measure of promoting the social conduct to take a favorable turn; Concern the ruling status of consolidating the party and overall situation of state power construction.
Part two: Have analyzed content and characteristic of foreign civil servant's ethical construction. U.S.A., Great Britain, France, Japan and Korea S., Singapore, etc. civil servant morals of country build and have each different characteristics, there is much in common, has offered a lot of experience suitable for using for reference for the fact that our country's every civil servant's morals are built, mainly embody in: (1)The legalizing, institutionalized of civil servant's ethical construction, these countries not merely have a complete legal norm system, and the content of legal norm is careful, have effectiveness’s; (2)Pay attention to civil servant's moral education and national spirit of propagation, combine together, promote civil servant's morals construction by citizen's moral education; (3)Pay attention to launching civil servant's moral education and training, one of the important routes to regard it as civil servant's morals construction; (4)Set up special morals management organization, strengthen and restrict civil servant's ethical supervision.
Part three: Combine the morals current situation of civil servant of our country and existing problem, analyze its cause, the advanced experience of drawing civil servant's morals construction of other country is spent for me, improve and improve the morals construction of civil servant of our country. Review of our country civil servant achievement that morals' building make since the reform and opening-up at first: " run the country according to law " and " run the country with morality " state policy that regard as equally important build theoretical foundation of establishing for of our country civil servant morals "; The democracy and the rule of law idea is rooted in the hearts of the people, has offered the thought guarantee for the fact that civil servant's morals are built; The " human-oriented " establishment in the public administrative field of principle, has built and poured into new vigor for civil servant's morals; Supervise perfecting the completion with the law and offering the system guarantee and appropriate legislative authority for the fact that civil servant's morals are built of the system.
Secondly, analyze of our country civil servant morals lose behavior and cause of Fan. Civil servant morals lose Fan display in public servant consciousness desalinize, power-money deal spread, enterprising spirit lose, selfish depart mentalist serious, acts and efforts for expediency odd such as being conspicuous mainly, have influence civil servant's image among the people greatly, has damaged the prestige among the people of Party and government. Of our country civil servant morals lose Fan have complete laws and regulations build strong legal guarantee as civil servant's morals mainly at present; Lacked the special morals and built the organization, civil servant's morals building-up work was not fulfilled; Lack effective civil servant's moral education and train in the mechanism.
Finally, draw lessons from the advanced experience of construction of foreign morals, get the countermeasure suggestion of strengthening morals construction of civil servant of our country out of: (1)Improve the laws and regulations of morals construction of civil servant of our country, make it have the effectiveness; (2)Carry forward the China fine tradition, build the good atmosphere of civil servant's morals construction; (3)Improve civil servant morals train system, strengthen civil servant's moral education and train; (4)Set up special morals supervisory organ, improve civil servant's ethical supervision mechanism
In a word, strengthen civil servant's morals and build course that is a system, it is legislated, educated, supervised etc. the entity that makes up partly, none of them can be dispensed with. The morals legislate to be foundations, there are laws that do the foundation, it is effective to supervise, educate and put in place too. So we when strengthening civil servant morals construction, want accelerate civil servant morals legislate, strengthen, supervise and popularize civil servant's moral education indentify as a whole, formed and legislated, supervised and educated the morals of civil servant formed to build the mechanism.
本文大体分为三个部分,首先是中西方国家对公务员道德概念的界定,并对公务员道德失范进行了理论层面的分析;其次是归纳总结了国外公务员道德建设的内容和特点;其三,分析我国公务员道德失范的表现及成因,并在借鉴国外先进经验的基础上提出加强我国公务员道德建设的对策性措施。
Chinese and foreign civilized histories have already shown that no matter how developed the material progress is, without their cores of the conduct of morals, progress of society and civilization would been unable to support, and the public administrative field can not been there without the ethical involvement. As the civil servant of government's main body, make the policy as well as pursue a policy, have close connections with the broad masses of the people, his spiritual civilization's intensity, level of the morals level, all have direct influence to the people, on social conduct. There are important meanings in fostering and carrying forward civil servant's spirit to strengthen the civil servant's morals construction. Some developed countries have accumulated abundant experience in civil servant's ethical construction aspect, where this text has probed into the morals of civil servant of our country of strengthening and built on the basis of summing up and summarizing foreign advanced experience.
The full text is divided into three parts:
Part one: explain the definition about civil servant's concept of China and Western country at first, define modern meaning and range of the western countries and Chinese civil servant; Concrete laws and regulations to combine China's Mainland, Hong Kong, U.S.A., Britain, Canada, etc. define what civil servant’s codes of ethic are. Though China and Western country has difference in the language is expressed to the content of civil servant's code of ethic, but there are the same criterion norms, all put emphasis on being loyal to principles such as the country, honest and upright interests administering the state according to law, safeguarding others, etc.
Secondly, lose to morals Fan carry on theory analysis of aspect, point out any social shape is any social historical period, will have morals lose phenomenon Fan, this social development embodiment of objective law. Violent change of China's social development since the origin of demonstration which the present civil servant of our country reached lay in last century in the eighties, make people unable to rebuild the code of ethic of ethics in conformity with market economic system at the same pace as development of social economic law.
Finally, combined the national conditions of our country and explained that strengthen civil servant's morals and build the necessity at the present stage: Strengthen civil servant's morals construction, enable its inherent requirement of living in status and job characteristic; It is the requirement that the administrative system operates and develops healthily; It is the important measure of promoting the social conduct to take a favorable turn; Concern the ruling status of consolidating the party and overall situation of state power construction.
Part two: Have analyzed content and characteristic of foreign civil servant's ethical construction. U.S.A., Great Britain, France, Japan and Korea S., Singapore, etc. civil servant morals of country build and have each different characteristics, there is much in common, has offered a lot of experience suitable for using for reference for the fact that our country's every civil servant's morals are built, mainly embody in: (1)The legalizing, institutionalized of civil servant's ethical construction, these countries not merely have a complete legal norm system, and the content of legal norm is careful, have effectiveness’s; (2)Pay attention to civil servant's moral education and national spirit of propagation, combine together, promote civil servant's morals construction by citizen's moral education; (3)Pay attention to launching civil servant's moral education and training, one of the important routes to regard it as civil servant's morals construction; (4)Set up special morals management organization, strengthen and restrict civil servant's ethical supervision.
Part three: Combine the morals current situation of civil servant of our country and existing problem, analyze its cause, the advanced experience of drawing civil servant's morals construction of other country is spent for me, improve and improve the morals construction of civil servant of our country. Review of our country civil servant achievement that morals' building make since the reform and opening-up at first: " run the country according to law " and " run the country with morality " state policy that regard as equally important build theoretical foundation of establishing for of our country civil servant morals "; The democracy and the rule of law idea is rooted in the hearts of the people, has offered the thought guarantee for the fact that civil servant's morals are built; The " human-oriented " establishment in the public administrative field of principle, has built and poured into new vigor for civil servant's morals; Supervise perfecting the completion with the law and offering the system guarantee and appropriate legislative authority for the fact that civil servant's morals are built of the system.
Secondly, analyze of our country civil servant morals lose behavior and cause of Fan. Civil servant morals lose Fan display in public servant consciousness desalinize, power-money deal spread, enterprising spirit lose, selfish depart mentalist serious, acts and efforts for expediency odd such as being conspicuous mainly, have influence civil servant's image among the people greatly, has damaged the prestige among the people of Party and government. Of our country civil servant morals lose Fan have complete laws and regulations build strong legal guarantee as civil servant's morals mainly at present; Lacked the special morals and built the organization, civil servant's morals building-up work was not fulfilled; Lack effective civil servant's moral education and train in the mechanism.
Finally, draw lessons from the advanced experience of construction of foreign morals, get the countermeasure suggestion of strengthening morals construction of civil servant of our country out of: (1)Improve the laws and regulations of morals construction of civil servant of our country, make it have the effectiveness; (2)Carry forward the China fine tradition, build the good atmosphere of civil servant's morals construction; (3)Improve civil servant morals train system, strengthen civil servant's moral education and train; (4)Set up special morals supervisory organ, improve civil servant's ethical supervision mechanism
In a word, strengthen civil servant's morals and build course that is a system, it is legislated, educated, supervised etc. the entity that makes up partly, none of them can be dispensed with. The morals legislate to be foundations, there are laws that do the foundation, it is effective to supervise, educate and put in place too. So we when strengthening civil servant morals construction, want accelerate civil servant morals legislate, strengthen, supervise and popularize civil servant's moral education indentify as a whole, formed and legislated, supervised and educated the morals of civil servant formed to build the mechanism.
引文
1王泽应:《我国政治伦理学研究的回顾与展望》,《中南大学学报》(社科版),2004 年第 5 期。
1 《联合国文官制度改革研讨会报告文集》,1986 年版,P5。
2 《中华人民共和国公务员法》2006 年 1 月 1 日
1 《中华人民共和国宪法》1982 年 12 月 4 日
2 《中华人民共和国公务员法》2006 年 1 月 1 日
1 王建新:《香港政制、公务员与廉政》,中国经济出版社 1995 年版,P167。
2 马国泉:《美国公务员制度和道德规范》,清华大学出版社 1999 年版,P121-122。
3 贾玉林、张军、侯文友等:《国家公务员廉政必读,》中国方正出版社 2003 版,P205。
1 伊恩·罗伯逊:《社会学》(上册),商务印书馆 1994 年版,P246-247。
2 C·邓肯·米切尔《新社会学辞典》,上海译文出版社 1987 年版,P12。
1 高兆明:《制度公正论:变革时期道德失范研究》,上海文艺出版社 2001 年版,P16。
1 《毛泽东邓小平江泽民论党的建设》,中共中央党校出版社 1998 年版,P644
1 《邓小平文选》(第 3 卷)人民出版社 1993 年版,P124
1 潘小娟:《高级公务员的摇篮》,中国发展出版社 1994 年版,P21—22。
2 萧武槽桐:《行政伦理》,台湾空中大学 1996 年版,P351—352。
1杨淑霞、山文岑:《关于行政道德责任制度化的思考》,《河南社会科学》,2006.1
1 王伟、鄯爱红《行政伦理学》人民出版社 2005 年版,P210-238。
1 孟德斯坞:《论法的精神》(上册),商务印书馆 1992 年版,P154
2 《邓小平文选》(第三卷),北京人民出版社 1993 年版,P63 一 64
1孟德斯鸡:《论法的精神》(上),商务印书馆 1961 年版,P164。
1丁惠炯:《加强公务员伦理道德建设的背景分析》,《中国行政管理学会 2004 年年会论文集》2004。
1张国庆:《行政管理学概论》,北京大学出版社 2000 年版
1 张本平:《瑞典廉政建设的经验及启示》,《中国监察》,2007.19
1丁惠炯:《加强公务员伦理道德建设的背景分析》,《中国行政管理学会 2004 年年会论文集》2004。
1 《联合国文官制度改革研讨会报告文集》,1986 年版.
2 《中华人民共和国公务员法》,2006 年 1 月 1 日
3 《中华人民共和国宪法》,1982 年 12 月 4 日
4 王建新:《香港政制、公务员与廉政》,中国经济出版社 1995 年版
5 马国泉:《美国公务员制度和道德规范》,清华大学出版社 1999 年版
6 贾玉林、张军、侯文友等:《国家公务员廉政必读》,中国方正出版社 2003 年版
7 伊恩·罗伯逊:《社会学》上册,商务印书馆 1994 年版
8 C·邓肯·米切尔:《新社会学辞典》,上海译文出版社 1987 年版
9 高兆明:《制度公正论:变革时期道德失范研究》,上海文艺出版社2001 年版
10 《毛泽东邓小平江泽民论党的建设》,中共中央党校出版社 1998年版
11 《邓小平文选》(第 3 卷),人民出版社 1993 年版
12 潘小娟:《高级公务员的摇篮》,中国发展出版社 1994 年版
13 萧武槽桐:《行政伦理》,台湾空中大学 1996 年版
14 王伟、鄯爱红:《行政伦理学》,人民出版社 2005 年版
15 孟德斯鸠:《论法的精神》(上册),商务印书馆 1992 年版
16 张国庆:《行政管理学概论》,北京大学出版社 2000 年版
17 张康之:《公共行政中的哲学与伦理》,中国人民大学出版社 2004年版
18 徐振寰、王晓初:《世界各国公务员制度比较》,山东人民出版社1998 年版
19 宋振国、刘长敏:《各国廉政建设比较研究》,知识产权出版社 2006年版
20 严维耀:《日本廉政制度建设理论与实践》,中国方正出版社 2004版
21 李建华:《执政与善政——执政党伦理问题研究》,人民出版社 2006年版
22 刘雪丰:《行政责任的伦理透视——论公共行政人员的道德责任》,湖南师范大学出版社 2005 年版
23 弗雷德里克森:《公共行政的精神》中国人民大学出版社 2003 年版
24 张松业、杨桂安、龙兴海等:《国家公务员道德概论》国家行政学院出版 1998 年版
25 杨淑霞,山文岑:《关于行政道德责任制度化的思考》,《河南社会科学》,2006 年第 1 期
26 王泽应:《我国政治伦理学研究的回顾与展望》,《中南大学学报》(社科版),2004 年第 5 期
27 丁惠炯:《加强公务员伦理道德建设的背景分析》,《中国行政管理学会 2004 年年会论文集》2004 年
28 张本平:《瑞典廉政建设的经验及启示》,《中国监察》,2007 年第19 期
29 张康之:《对道德教育有效性的怀疑》,《伦理学》,2003 年第 12 期
30 刘清明:《公务员道德建设探析》,《理论月刊》,2005 年第 1 期
31 陈洪涛:《新加坡公民道德建设经验及启示》,《前沿视点》2002 年第 7-8 期
32 邵任薇《韩国公共伦理制度建设及其启示》,《探求》,2006 年第 5期
33 张 蕾、姜照辉《美国公务员道德规范建设及借鉴意义》,《理论观察》,2006 年第 5 期
34 郭济:《大力加强行政伦理建设,切实提高政府行政能力》,《中国行政管理》2005 年第 11 期
1 《联合国文官制度改革研讨会报告文集》,1986 年版,P5。
2 《中华人民共和国公务员法》2006 年 1 月 1 日
1 《中华人民共和国宪法》1982 年 12 月 4 日
2 《中华人民共和国公务员法》2006 年 1 月 1 日
1 王建新:《香港政制、公务员与廉政》,中国经济出版社 1995 年版,P167。
2 马国泉:《美国公务员制度和道德规范》,清华大学出版社 1999 年版,P121-122。
3 贾玉林、张军、侯文友等:《国家公务员廉政必读,》中国方正出版社 2003 版,P205。
1 伊恩·罗伯逊:《社会学》(上册),商务印书馆 1994 年版,P246-247。
2 C·邓肯·米切尔《新社会学辞典》,上海译文出版社 1987 年版,P12。
1 高兆明:《制度公正论:变革时期道德失范研究》,上海文艺出版社 2001 年版,P16。
1 《毛泽东邓小平江泽民论党的建设》,中共中央党校出版社 1998 年版,P644
1 《邓小平文选》(第 3 卷)人民出版社 1993 年版,P124
1 潘小娟:《高级公务员的摇篮》,中国发展出版社 1994 年版,P21—22。
2 萧武槽桐:《行政伦理》,台湾空中大学 1996 年版,P351—352。
1杨淑霞、山文岑:《关于行政道德责任制度化的思考》,《河南社会科学》,2006.1
1 王伟、鄯爱红《行政伦理学》人民出版社 2005 年版,P210-238。
1 孟德斯坞:《论法的精神》(上册),商务印书馆 1992 年版,P154
2 《邓小平文选》(第三卷),北京人民出版社 1993 年版,P63 一 64
1孟德斯鸡:《论法的精神》(上),商务印书馆 1961 年版,P164。
1丁惠炯:《加强公务员伦理道德建设的背景分析》,《中国行政管理学会 2004 年年会论文集》2004。
1张国庆:《行政管理学概论》,北京大学出版社 2000 年版
1 张本平:《瑞典廉政建设的经验及启示》,《中国监察》,2007.19
1丁惠炯:《加强公务员伦理道德建设的背景分析》,《中国行政管理学会 2004 年年会论文集》2004。
1 《联合国文官制度改革研讨会报告文集》,1986 年版.
2 《中华人民共和国公务员法》,2006 年 1 月 1 日
3 《中华人民共和国宪法》,1982 年 12 月 4 日
4 王建新:《香港政制、公务员与廉政》,中国经济出版社 1995 年版
5 马国泉:《美国公务员制度和道德规范》,清华大学出版社 1999 年版
6 贾玉林、张军、侯文友等:《国家公务员廉政必读》,中国方正出版社 2003 年版
7 伊恩·罗伯逊:《社会学》上册,商务印书馆 1994 年版
8 C·邓肯·米切尔:《新社会学辞典》,上海译文出版社 1987 年版
9 高兆明:《制度公正论:变革时期道德失范研究》,上海文艺出版社2001 年版
10 《毛泽东邓小平江泽民论党的建设》,中共中央党校出版社 1998年版
11 《邓小平文选》(第 3 卷),人民出版社 1993 年版
12 潘小娟:《高级公务员的摇篮》,中国发展出版社 1994 年版
13 萧武槽桐:《行政伦理》,台湾空中大学 1996 年版
14 王伟、鄯爱红:《行政伦理学》,人民出版社 2005 年版
15 孟德斯鸠:《论法的精神》(上册),商务印书馆 1992 年版
16 张国庆:《行政管理学概论》,北京大学出版社 2000 年版
17 张康之:《公共行政中的哲学与伦理》,中国人民大学出版社 2004年版
18 徐振寰、王晓初:《世界各国公务员制度比较》,山东人民出版社1998 年版
19 宋振国、刘长敏:《各国廉政建设比较研究》,知识产权出版社 2006年版
20 严维耀:《日本廉政制度建设理论与实践》,中国方正出版社 2004版
21 李建华:《执政与善政——执政党伦理问题研究》,人民出版社 2006年版
22 刘雪丰:《行政责任的伦理透视——论公共行政人员的道德责任》,湖南师范大学出版社 2005 年版
23 弗雷德里克森:《公共行政的精神》中国人民大学出版社 2003 年版
24 张松业、杨桂安、龙兴海等:《国家公务员道德概论》国家行政学院出版 1998 年版
25 杨淑霞,山文岑:《关于行政道德责任制度化的思考》,《河南社会科学》,2006 年第 1 期
26 王泽应:《我国政治伦理学研究的回顾与展望》,《中南大学学报》(社科版),2004 年第 5 期
27 丁惠炯:《加强公务员伦理道德建设的背景分析》,《中国行政管理学会 2004 年年会论文集》2004 年
28 张本平:《瑞典廉政建设的经验及启示》,《中国监察》,2007 年第19 期
29 张康之:《对道德教育有效性的怀疑》,《伦理学》,2003 年第 12 期
30 刘清明:《公务员道德建设探析》,《理论月刊》,2005 年第 1 期
31 陈洪涛:《新加坡公民道德建设经验及启示》,《前沿视点》2002 年第 7-8 期
32 邵任薇《韩国公共伦理制度建设及其启示》,《探求》,2006 年第 5期
33 张 蕾、姜照辉《美国公务员道德规范建设及借鉴意义》,《理论观察》,2006 年第 5 期
34 郭济:《大力加强行政伦理建设,切实提高政府行政能力》,《中国行政管理》2005 年第 11 期
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