半导体激光器与铲形光纤耦合技术研究
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摘要
随着光纤技术的发展,光纤的应用范围愈来愈广泛。特别是光通信方面,光纤已成为最重要的传输介质。半导体激光器具有体积小、寿命长、电光转换效率高、调制方便、可集成等优点,在光通信中得到了广泛的应用。但半导体激光器的有源区面积很小,其光束发散角很大,快轴方向一般为30°~40°,在与光纤耦合时要对激光光束进行准直及整形来提高光束质量及耦合效率。为了提高耦合失容度和减少调试、安装的困难,常用光纤微透镜来减少光束的发散角和增大光纤的数值孔径。随着大功率激光器的研制成功和推广应用,光纤输出光束的质量制约着激光器的应用。
目前对光纤耦合系统的失容度的研究较少,而且大多集中在国防、军工等方面,因此对大功率半导体激光器光纤耦合系统的失容度问题具有现实意义。通过对国内外各种铲形光纤技术的调研和比较,主要进行了以下几项工作:
1.介绍了LD的结构和远场模式以及光纤传输光的基本理论,阐述了激光束的整形方法和提高光纤数值孔径的方法。总结了国内外光纤耦合器的产品现状,介绍了LD与光纤的耦合方式及耦合系统,并简要的介绍了常用的耦合系统。
2.对铲形光纤的制备工艺和控制参数给予了简单的介绍。在光纤耦合理论的基础上,阐述了铲形光纤与LD的耦合系统分析方法和基本原理。分析了光束发散角、耦合距离、光纤的芯径与耦合效率的关系,并得到了最佳耦合效率和最大耦合效率。
3.对铲形光纤耦合系统的失容度进行了分析。详细说明了该系统的功率特性与各维向的失容误差之间的关系。为降低调试和封装的难度提供了理论指导,进而有利于提高铲形光纤器件的发展及应用。
4.按照理论指导制备了不同切割角度、切割深度的铲形光纤,并对制备的铲形光纤进行实验测量,实验证明:铲形光纤经过改进后,可提高与LD耦合的耦合效率。此结果可对铲形光纤的优化设计及实际应用提供了理论指导。
With the development of optical fiber technology, the range of fiber applications is wider and wider. Especially in optical communications, optical fiber has become the most important optical waveguide. Semiconductor laser has been widely used in optical communication with advantages of a small size, long life, electro-optical conversion efficiency, modulation convenience, can be integrate and so on. Because the semiconductor laser active area is small, its output beam divergence angle of a great, fast-axis direction is generally 30°~ 40°, collimating and shaping the laser beam is need to improve the beam quality when coupled with the optical fiber. In order to improve reliability, reduce the coupling loss of encapsulation and installation difficulties, we can use micro-lens to reduce the beam divergence angle and increasing the numerical aperture of optical fiber. With the successful development and promotion application of high-power laser, the quality of optical fiber output beam constraints the application of optical fiber.
The current research of degree of loss in fiber-coupled system is relatively small and mostly concentrated in the defense and military, so the research of degree of loss of capacity problem in high-power fiber-coupled semiconductor laser system has practical significance.
In this paper, through a variety of research and comparison in shovel-shaped fiber-optic technology at home and abroad, we mainly have done the following tasks:
1. Introduced the structure of semiconductor lasers, far-field pattern and the basic theory of optical fiber transmission, described the laser beam shaping methods and the methods of fiber numerical aperture. Have summarized the status of optical fiber coupler products, introduces the semiconductor laser and fiber coupling system and a brief description of common coupling.
2. Given a brief introduction on the spade-shaped fiber preparation process and control parameters. Based on the theory of the optical fiber coupling, have expounded the analysis method and basic principles in shovel-shaped optical fiber coupled with the LD systems. Through the analysis of the beam divergence, coupling distance, fiber core diameter and the relationship between coupling efficiency, we got the best coupling efficiency and maximum coupling efficiency.
3. Analyzed the degree of loss of capacity on the shovel-shaped optical fiber coupling system. Introduce the relationship between the characteristics of the system power loss on each dimension and the content error. Provide a theoretical guidance of reducing the difficulty of debugging and packaging, and thus give a great help to improve the shovel-shaped optical device development and application.
4. Prepared the different cutting angle and cutting depth of the shovel-shaped fiber in accordance with the theoretical guidance, and with experimental measurement of prepared shovel-shaped fiber, and the results show: the improved shovel-shaped fiber may improve the coupling efficiency coupled with the LD. This result can provide theoretical guidance to the optimization design and practical application of shovel-shaped fiber.
目前对光纤耦合系统的失容度的研究较少,而且大多集中在国防、军工等方面,因此对大功率半导体激光器光纤耦合系统的失容度问题具有现实意义。通过对国内外各种铲形光纤技术的调研和比较,主要进行了以下几项工作:
1.介绍了LD的结构和远场模式以及光纤传输光的基本理论,阐述了激光束的整形方法和提高光纤数值孔径的方法。总结了国内外光纤耦合器的产品现状,介绍了LD与光纤的耦合方式及耦合系统,并简要的介绍了常用的耦合系统。
2.对铲形光纤的制备工艺和控制参数给予了简单的介绍。在光纤耦合理论的基础上,阐述了铲形光纤与LD的耦合系统分析方法和基本原理。分析了光束发散角、耦合距离、光纤的芯径与耦合效率的关系,并得到了最佳耦合效率和最大耦合效率。
3.对铲形光纤耦合系统的失容度进行了分析。详细说明了该系统的功率特性与各维向的失容误差之间的关系。为降低调试和封装的难度提供了理论指导,进而有利于提高铲形光纤器件的发展及应用。
4.按照理论指导制备了不同切割角度、切割深度的铲形光纤,并对制备的铲形光纤进行实验测量,实验证明:铲形光纤经过改进后,可提高与LD耦合的耦合效率。此结果可对铲形光纤的优化设计及实际应用提供了理论指导。
With the development of optical fiber technology, the range of fiber applications is wider and wider. Especially in optical communications, optical fiber has become the most important optical waveguide. Semiconductor laser has been widely used in optical communication with advantages of a small size, long life, electro-optical conversion efficiency, modulation convenience, can be integrate and so on. Because the semiconductor laser active area is small, its output beam divergence angle of a great, fast-axis direction is generally 30°~ 40°, collimating and shaping the laser beam is need to improve the beam quality when coupled with the optical fiber. In order to improve reliability, reduce the coupling loss of encapsulation and installation difficulties, we can use micro-lens to reduce the beam divergence angle and increasing the numerical aperture of optical fiber. With the successful development and promotion application of high-power laser, the quality of optical fiber output beam constraints the application of optical fiber.
The current research of degree of loss in fiber-coupled system is relatively small and mostly concentrated in the defense and military, so the research of degree of loss of capacity problem in high-power fiber-coupled semiconductor laser system has practical significance.
In this paper, through a variety of research and comparison in shovel-shaped fiber-optic technology at home and abroad, we mainly have done the following tasks:
1. Introduced the structure of semiconductor lasers, far-field pattern and the basic theory of optical fiber transmission, described the laser beam shaping methods and the methods of fiber numerical aperture. Have summarized the status of optical fiber coupler products, introduces the semiconductor laser and fiber coupling system and a brief description of common coupling.
2. Given a brief introduction on the spade-shaped fiber preparation process and control parameters. Based on the theory of the optical fiber coupling, have expounded the analysis method and basic principles in shovel-shaped optical fiber coupled with the LD systems. Through the analysis of the beam divergence, coupling distance, fiber core diameter and the relationship between coupling efficiency, we got the best coupling efficiency and maximum coupling efficiency.
3. Analyzed the degree of loss of capacity on the shovel-shaped optical fiber coupling system. Introduce the relationship between the characteristics of the system power loss on each dimension and the content error. Provide a theoretical guidance of reducing the difficulty of debugging and packaging, and thus give a great help to improve the shovel-shaped optical device development and application.
4. Prepared the different cutting angle and cutting depth of the shovel-shaped fiber in accordance with the theoretical guidance, and with experimental measurement of prepared shovel-shaped fiber, and the results show: the improved shovel-shaped fiber may improve the coupling efficiency coupled with the LD. This result can provide theoretical guidance to the optimization design and practical application of shovel-shaped fiber.
引文
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