大功率声光调Q Nd：YAG激光器
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摘要
本文以实现高重复频率,高峰值功率为目标,在灯泵浦连续固体激光器的基础上进行声光调Q以获得脉冲序列输出,从理论和实验两方面进行了研究。
分析了单声光器件、超声场相互平行和相互正交的两声光Q开关器件衍射损耗,给出正常布喇格衍射的超声场相互平行和相互正交的双声光Q开关器件衍射效率的表达式。采用功率分配器保证两声光Q开关的同步和有效功率驱动。Nd∶YAG激光器的实验结果表明,超声场相互平行双声光Q开关的衍射损耗比单声光器件提高了1倍多,而超声场相互正交双声光Q开关的衍射损耗比单声光器件提高了2倍多,能够有效的关断大功率固体连续激光。并设计了声光驱动功率分配器以驱动双声光器件达到同步,消除了激光输出的多脉冲现象。提高了脉冲列的输出功率。
在声场相互垂直放置的双声光调Q实验中,当重复频率为2KHz时,获得了平均功率103.5W,峰值功率690KW的激光脉冲序列输出,光束质量为12mm.mrad ,当提高重复频率到10KHz时,获得了平均功率193W,峰值功率96.5KW的激光脉冲序列输出,光束质量为14mm. mrad。
The object of this article is to output high repeat frequency and high peak power. Pulse laser generates from a Kr-lamp pumped solid state laser modulated by two AO switches. We studied it in both theory and experiment.
The switch-losses of one Q-switch, two Q-switches in acoustic-field perpendicular or parallel are analyzed. According to the theory of acousto-optic (AO) interaction, the formulas of diffraction loss of two AO Q-switches, which acoustic-field are perpendicular or parallel one another, in normal Bragg diffraction are derived. The power divider for ensuring two AO Q-switch synchronization and effective power driving is designed. The calculation results are satisfied with Nd∶YAG laser experimental results. It is shown that two AO Q-switches, which acoustic-field are parallel, the switch-loss is more than one time than one AO Q-switch, and more than two times than one AO Q-switch when acoustic-field are perpendicular each other. Double acousto-optic devices two-dimensional Q-switch can efficiently improving the switch-loss of CW Nd:YAG laser. We designed power divider in order to ensure two AO Q-switch’signal in step, eliminated the redundant pulse and improved the laser power.
In the experiment of 2KHz frequency, when the complexor of supersonic in the Q switch was normal, we got average power 103.5W, peak power 690KW, and the beam parameter product is 12mm. mrad. When the frequency was 10KHz, the average power was 163W, peak power was 96.5KW, and the beam parameter product is 14 mm .mrad.
分析了单声光器件、超声场相互平行和相互正交的两声光Q开关器件衍射损耗,给出正常布喇格衍射的超声场相互平行和相互正交的双声光Q开关器件衍射效率的表达式。采用功率分配器保证两声光Q开关的同步和有效功率驱动。Nd∶YAG激光器的实验结果表明,超声场相互平行双声光Q开关的衍射损耗比单声光器件提高了1倍多,而超声场相互正交双声光Q开关的衍射损耗比单声光器件提高了2倍多,能够有效的关断大功率固体连续激光。并设计了声光驱动功率分配器以驱动双声光器件达到同步,消除了激光输出的多脉冲现象。提高了脉冲列的输出功率。
在声场相互垂直放置的双声光调Q实验中,当重复频率为2KHz时,获得了平均功率103.5W,峰值功率690KW的激光脉冲序列输出,光束质量为12mm.mrad ,当提高重复频率到10KHz时,获得了平均功率193W,峰值功率96.5KW的激光脉冲序列输出,光束质量为14mm. mrad。
The object of this article is to output high repeat frequency and high peak power. Pulse laser generates from a Kr-lamp pumped solid state laser modulated by two AO switches. We studied it in both theory and experiment.
The switch-losses of one Q-switch, two Q-switches in acoustic-field perpendicular or parallel are analyzed. According to the theory of acousto-optic (AO) interaction, the formulas of diffraction loss of two AO Q-switches, which acoustic-field are perpendicular or parallel one another, in normal Bragg diffraction are derived. The power divider for ensuring two AO Q-switch synchronization and effective power driving is designed. The calculation results are satisfied with Nd∶YAG laser experimental results. It is shown that two AO Q-switches, which acoustic-field are parallel, the switch-loss is more than one time than one AO Q-switch, and more than two times than one AO Q-switch when acoustic-field are perpendicular each other. Double acousto-optic devices two-dimensional Q-switch can efficiently improving the switch-loss of CW Nd:YAG laser. We designed power divider in order to ensure two AO Q-switch’signal in step, eliminated the redundant pulse and improved the laser power.
In the experiment of 2KHz frequency, when the complexor of supersonic in the Q switch was normal, we got average power 103.5W, peak power 690KW, and the beam parameter product is 12mm. mrad. When the frequency was 10KHz, the average power was 163W, peak power was 96.5KW, and the beam parameter product is 14 mm .mrad.
引文
1 Toenshoff, Hans K. Micro drilling with a Nd:YAG Q-swithced laser SPIE Vol.1864;
2 曹明翠,郑启光,陈祖涛等. 激光加工技术,武汉华中理工大学出版社1995;
3 王键. 高峰值功率激光脉冲组打孔技术航空制造技术[J],1995,S1 16-18;
4 D.K.Y.Low, L.Li An investigation into melt flow dynamics during repetitive pulsed laser drilling of transparent media Optics & Laser Technology 33(2001) 515-522;
5 D.K.Y. Low, L. Li, P.J. Byrd The influence of temporal pulse train modulation during laser percussion drilling Optics and Lasers in Engineering 35 (2001) 149-164;
6 方建成,王续跃,邓琦林. 提高脉冲激光打孔质量的措施制造技术与机床1997,11 22-25;
7 Th.Beck, G.Bostanjoglo,H.Webe. Laser beam drilling application in novel materials for the aircraft industry. SECTION E-ICALEO 1997 93-102;
8 徐介平. 声光器件的原理、设计和应用[M ] 北京: 科学出版社, 1982;
9 周炳琨. 激光原理[M] 北京:国防工业出版社;
10 张晓兵. 激光加工小孔工艺及其孔壁再铸层对DZ22 高温合金疲劳性能的影响航空制造技术[J],1995,02 19-22;
11 李向东,提高激光打孔加工质量的途径航空工程与维修,2000. 4 127-130;
12 水金城. 微米级微孔激光打孔的研究应用激光Vol.14 No.3 124-126;
13 李又生. 深孔激光加工研究激光技术 Vol.22.No.2 98-102;
14 宴绪元. 激光脉冲和工件参数对激光微孔加工质量的影响应用激光Vol14,No.3;
15 朱三又. 大功率声光 Q 开关的研制[J].应用激光,1998,18(5):221-224;
16 李强,郑义军,王智勇,李港,左铁钏. 双声光二维 Q 开关提高 Nd∶YAG激光器关断损耗[J],中国激光,2003,30(9):795-798;
17 张泽红,陈文友,柏富芬,易平. 两维声光 Q 开关[J].压电与声光,1998,20(1):7-13;
18 蓝信钜.激光技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000,35-64;
19 徐荣甫等. “激光器件与技术教程”,北京工业学院出版社,1986,p131-153;
20 W.克希乃尔. 固体激光工程[M]. 孙文,江泽文,程国祥译. 北京:科学出版社,2002;
21 Ognian Denchev, Stoyan Kurtev, and Plamen Petrov.Experimental investigationof saturable gain-guided modes, Applied Optics, Vol.41, No.9,20 March 2002, p1677-1684;
22 Thomas Graf, Eduard Wyss, Marc Schmid, and Heinz P.Weber. Exploiting thermal effects in high-power lasers, Proceedings of SPIE 2001, Vol4270, p12-18;
23 C.A.Denman and S.I.Libby. Birefringence compensation using a single Nd:YAG Rod ,OSA TOPS Vol26.Advanced Solid-State Lasers, p608-612;
24 Th.Graf, E.Wyss, M.Roth, H.P.Weber, Laser resonator with balanced thermal lenses, Optics Communications 190(2001)327-331;
25 R.Weber, Thomas Graf, and Heinz P.Weber, Self-Adjusting Compensating Thermal Lens to Balance the Thermally Induced Lens in Solid-State Lasers, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol.36, No.6, June 2000, 757-764;
26 S.T.Durmanov, V.V.Lyubimov, Yu.P.Rudnitskiy, Compensation of thermo optical distortions in the active elements of a high power CW Nd:YAG-lasers, SPIE, Vol.3682, p155-162;
27 N.Kugler, S.Seidel and H.Weber. High-power Nd:YAG laser with birefringence compensation and adaptive HR-mirror, SPIE ,Vol3682, p145-154;
28 Pachale, Th.; Beck, Th.; Weber, H. Precision drilling with a high-brightness unstable Nd:YAG laser resonator using a new birefringence compensation scheme SECTION ICALEO Laser Institute of America, Proceedings, v 83, 1997, pB100-B108;
29 C.A.Senman Birefringence compensation using a single Nd:YAG rod OSA TOPS Vol.26 102-109;
30 N.Kugler, S.Seidel H.Weber. High power Nd:YAG laser with birefringence compensation and adaptive hr-mirror SPIE Vol.3682 145-154;
31 S.Z.Kurtev, O.E.Denchov,S.D.Savov. Effects of thermally induced birefringence in high –output power electro-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers and their compensation, Applied optics Vol..32 No.3 278-285;
32 雷志锋. LD 端泵 Nd_GdVO_4 高重频声光调 Q 激光器研究 哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文;
33 王宝华,李强,惠勇凌,姜梦华. 双声光二维 Q 开关提高连续 Nd:YAG激光关断损耗的研究,应用激光 Vol28,No.2 137~139;
34 曾祥江,陈莹. 双YAG 棒串接腔中两套声光系统的同步调制,北京工业大学学报,1999,vol.25 No.3 119-122;
35 李强,郑义军,王志勇等. 双声光二维 Q 开关提高 Nd:YAG 激光器关断损耗,压电与声光;
36 Kumkar, M. (Festkorper-Laser-Institut Berlin GmbH, Germany); Beck, T.; Reng, N. 600 W Nd:YAG Q-switch laser with fibre beam delivery. Laser und Optoelektronik, v 26, n 2, April 1994, 39-42;
37 Li Gang, Wang Fei, Yu Xin, Chen Meng, Zhu Lin, Wei Jianwei. The research of increasing AO Q-switch's ability of switching in Nd:YAG laser by quarter-waveplate. Acta Photonica Sinica, v 35, n 4, April 2006, p 490-3;
38 Tonshoff,H.K.von Alvensleben, F.Micro drilling with a Nd:YAG-Q-switch-laser. Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v 1864, 1993, 96-107;
39 Geiger, S. Laser making via fiber optics with Nd:YAG Q-switch laser. Laser und Optoelektronik, v 24, n 3, June 1992, 58-64;
40 Kumkar, Malte. Periodical Q-switch lasers with high-average power. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v 2206, 1994, p 510-519.
2 曹明翠,郑启光,陈祖涛等. 激光加工技术,武汉华中理工大学出版社1995;
3 王键. 高峰值功率激光脉冲组打孔技术航空制造技术[J],1995,S1 16-18;
4 D.K.Y.Low, L.Li An investigation into melt flow dynamics during repetitive pulsed laser drilling of transparent media Optics & Laser Technology 33(2001) 515-522;
5 D.K.Y. Low, L. Li, P.J. Byrd The influence of temporal pulse train modulation during laser percussion drilling Optics and Lasers in Engineering 35 (2001) 149-164;
6 方建成,王续跃,邓琦林. 提高脉冲激光打孔质量的措施制造技术与机床1997,11 22-25;
7 Th.Beck, G.Bostanjoglo,H.Webe. Laser beam drilling application in novel materials for the aircraft industry. SECTION E-ICALEO 1997 93-102;
8 徐介平. 声光器件的原理、设计和应用[M ] 北京: 科学出版社, 1982;
9 周炳琨. 激光原理[M] 北京:国防工业出版社;
10 张晓兵. 激光加工小孔工艺及其孔壁再铸层对DZ22 高温合金疲劳性能的影响航空制造技术[J],1995,02 19-22;
11 李向东,提高激光打孔加工质量的途径航空工程与维修,2000. 4 127-130;
12 水金城. 微米级微孔激光打孔的研究应用激光Vol.14 No.3 124-126;
13 李又生. 深孔激光加工研究激光技术 Vol.22.No.2 98-102;
14 宴绪元. 激光脉冲和工件参数对激光微孔加工质量的影响应用激光Vol14,No.3;
15 朱三又. 大功率声光 Q 开关的研制[J].应用激光,1998,18(5):221-224;
16 李强,郑义军,王智勇,李港,左铁钏. 双声光二维 Q 开关提高 Nd∶YAG激光器关断损耗[J],中国激光,2003,30(9):795-798;
17 张泽红,陈文友,柏富芬,易平. 两维声光 Q 开关[J].压电与声光,1998,20(1):7-13;
18 蓝信钜.激光技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000,35-64;
19 徐荣甫等. “激光器件与技术教程”,北京工业学院出版社,1986,p131-153;
20 W.克希乃尔. 固体激光工程[M]. 孙文,江泽文,程国祥译. 北京:科学出版社,2002;
21 Ognian Denchev, Stoyan Kurtev, and Plamen Petrov.Experimental investigationof saturable gain-guided modes, Applied Optics, Vol.41, No.9,20 March 2002, p1677-1684;
22 Thomas Graf, Eduard Wyss, Marc Schmid, and Heinz P.Weber. Exploiting thermal effects in high-power lasers, Proceedings of SPIE 2001, Vol4270, p12-18;
23 C.A.Denman and S.I.Libby. Birefringence compensation using a single Nd:YAG Rod ,OSA TOPS Vol26.Advanced Solid-State Lasers, p608-612;
24 Th.Graf, E.Wyss, M.Roth, H.P.Weber, Laser resonator with balanced thermal lenses, Optics Communications 190(2001)327-331;
25 R.Weber, Thomas Graf, and Heinz P.Weber, Self-Adjusting Compensating Thermal Lens to Balance the Thermally Induced Lens in Solid-State Lasers, IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol.36, No.6, June 2000, 757-764;
26 S.T.Durmanov, V.V.Lyubimov, Yu.P.Rudnitskiy, Compensation of thermo optical distortions in the active elements of a high power CW Nd:YAG-lasers, SPIE, Vol.3682, p155-162;
27 N.Kugler, S.Seidel and H.Weber. High-power Nd:YAG laser with birefringence compensation and adaptive HR-mirror, SPIE ,Vol3682, p145-154;
28 Pachale, Th.; Beck, Th.; Weber, H. Precision drilling with a high-brightness unstable Nd:YAG laser resonator using a new birefringence compensation scheme SECTION ICALEO Laser Institute of America, Proceedings, v 83, 1997, pB100-B108;
29 C.A.Senman Birefringence compensation using a single Nd:YAG rod OSA TOPS Vol.26 102-109;
30 N.Kugler, S.Seidel H.Weber. High power Nd:YAG laser with birefringence compensation and adaptive hr-mirror SPIE Vol.3682 145-154;
31 S.Z.Kurtev, O.E.Denchov,S.D.Savov. Effects of thermally induced birefringence in high –output power electro-optically Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers and their compensation, Applied optics Vol..32 No.3 278-285;
32 雷志锋. LD 端泵 Nd_GdVO_4 高重频声光调 Q 激光器研究 哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文;
33 王宝华,李强,惠勇凌,姜梦华. 双声光二维 Q 开关提高连续 Nd:YAG激光关断损耗的研究,应用激光 Vol28,No.2 137~139;
34 曾祥江,陈莹. 双YAG 棒串接腔中两套声光系统的同步调制,北京工业大学学报,1999,vol.25 No.3 119-122;
35 李强,郑义军,王志勇等. 双声光二维 Q 开关提高 Nd:YAG 激光器关断损耗,压电与声光;
36 Kumkar, M. (Festkorper-Laser-Institut Berlin GmbH, Germany); Beck, T.; Reng, N. 600 W Nd:YAG Q-switch laser with fibre beam delivery. Laser und Optoelektronik, v 26, n 2, April 1994, 39-42;
37 Li Gang, Wang Fei, Yu Xin, Chen Meng, Zhu Lin, Wei Jianwei. The research of increasing AO Q-switch's ability of switching in Nd:YAG laser by quarter-waveplate. Acta Photonica Sinica, v 35, n 4, April 2006, p 490-3;
38 Tonshoff,H.K.von Alvensleben, F.Micro drilling with a Nd:YAG-Q-switch-laser. Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v 1864, 1993, 96-107;
39 Geiger, S. Laser making via fiber optics with Nd:YAG Q-switch laser. Laser und Optoelektronik, v 24, n 3, June 1992, 58-64;
40 Kumkar, Malte. Periodical Q-switch lasers with high-average power. Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, v 2206, 1994, p 510-519.