黑龙江省绿色食品区域品牌竞争力提升研究
|
摘要
自20世纪80年代以来,农业可持续发展问题、区域品牌管理实践及品牌竞争力理论等热点领域受到学术界的广泛关注,绿色食品区域品牌建设及竞争力提升问题,就是在经济全球化与竞争国际化背景下,相关学科的理论研究交叉、拓展以及不断融合演进的结果。绿色食品区域品牌建设及竞争力的提升,对于拓展市场,促进产业升级,带动区域经济发展,解决“三农”问题均具有重要的意义。如何在日益激烈的市场竞争中,深入实施“打绿色牌,走特色路”的发展战略,突出生态与资源比较优势,建立绿色食品区域品牌竞争优势,实现经济增长方式的转变,促进经济社会可持续发展,是黑龙江省绿色食品产业界和学术界所面临的一项重要课题。
绿色食品区域品牌建设及竞争力的提升是一项复杂的系统工程,其理论分析的关键点主要有两方面。一方面,绿色食品标志作为证明商标是品牌的一种表现形式,绿色食品区域品牌是其从属概念。无污染、安全、优质、营养是绿色食品标志的基本内涵,也是其核心价值,这种价值具有信息不对称性。信息不对称问题容易引致“道德风险”和“逆向选择”问题,最终形成“柠檬市场”。绿色食品区域品牌竞争的关键在于不同区域对绿色食品核心价值的坚守与强化,在于对绿色食品核心价值赋予与众不同的附加内涵,形成更加鲜明的绿色食品产业区域声誉与形象。另一方面,区域品牌作为地方性公共产品,既具有“私有性元素”,又具有公共性特点。从私有性视角来看,区域品牌是其所属集团参与市场竞争的强力工具,具有私有品牌的全部属性；从公共性视角来看,作为集团内多元主体的公共产品,区域品牌既可能因“搭便车”而导致供给不足,又可能因“公地悲剧”而受到极端机会主义侵害。区域品牌的公共性与私有性是区域品牌建设及竞争力提升分析的两条基本路线,如果从公共性角度集团内的多元主体无法达成目标一致,就谈不上竞争力问题,区域品牌多元主体的目标一致性是其参与市场竞争的关键,也就是说区域品牌“私有性元素”所体现的市场竞争力是以其从“公共性”角度形成的目标一致性为基本前提。合作竞争机制是多元主体实现目标一致性的制度基础。
绿色食品区域品牌建设及竞争力提升问题实质上就是在绿色食品标志管理框架下区域品牌多元主体联合供给问题。绿色食品区域品牌多元主体积极参与到目标一致的品牌战略体系,共同协作建设集体声誉,打造一个层次丰富、内涵完整的公共形象,是实现绿色食品区域品牌竞争力提升的问题关键。绿色食品区域品牌多元主体在区域品牌建设及竞争力提升过程中各具不同的地位和作用,其中,地方政府居于主导地位,企业是主体,行业协会具有组织管理职能,其他外部作用力量,诸如竞争对手、投资商、消费者等都是通过这三种主体对区域品牌发挥作用。区域品牌竞争力的提升是多元主体在合作竞争的基础上通过积极有效的品牌管理建立市场竞争优势的动态发展过程。区域品牌多元主体的动态提升问题可以转换为影响要素的静态构成分析,具体可以分为产业要素、区域要素和品牌要素和支持要素四个方面。根据静态构成要素可以构建相应的评价体系开展评测分析,依据静态要素指标评测结果,同样可以揭示区域品牌竞争力动态提升存在的主要问题。绿色食品区域品牌竞争力影响因素分析及评价是提升对策制定的基础。
本文运用层次分析和模糊数学方法,采用黑龙江省有关数据资料进行测度与分析,得出竞争力指数为80.89,说明黑龙江省绿色食品区域品牌竞争力处于一般水平。评测结果表明,关键要素中的龙头企业与市场监管以及重要因素中的品牌集聚、产业组织、品牌定位、投资额、教育程度等指标是黑龙江省绿色食品区域品牌建设及竞争力提升的主要制约瓶颈。评价结果验证了黑龙江省绿色食品区域品牌发展的现状与存在的问题。根据国内外经验、评测分析及存在的问题,提出了黑龙江省绿色食品区域品牌建设与竞争力提升的相应对策,即通过加强龙头企业建设增加信誉供给；加强管理制度建设防范市场风险；加强品牌集群建设增强市场竞争力；加强绿色食品区域品牌管理体系建设形成区域品牌整体竞争优势。这些对策可以有效改进那些权重较大且具发展潜力的关键因素,对重要因素中影响较大的指标也具有促动作用。明确劣势并加以改进,突出优势并加以保持,这是本文的实践意义所在。
Since 1980s, sustainable development of agriculture, regional brand management practice, brand competitiveness theory and other hot spots have aroused widespread concern of the academia. The issue of construction and competitiveness promotion of green food regional brands is the result of intersecting, developing, integrating and ever-evolving of theoretical study on related disciplines on the background of economic globalization and international competition.Construction and competitiveness promotion of green food regional brands is of great importance on expanding markets, promoting industrial upgrading, advancing regional economic development and solving issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area in China. Under the circumstances of increasingly fiercer market competition, how to carry out in depth the strategy of developing economy by green products and with local characteristics, how to highlight ecological and resource comparative advantages, how to foster competitive advantages of green food regional brands, how to effectuate changes in the pattern of economic growth and how to promote economic and social sustainable development are important tasks faced by green food industry and academia in Heilongjiang Province.
Construction and competitiveness promotion of green food regional brand is a complex, systematic project. The key points of its theoretical analysis are mainly based on the following two aspects. On the one hand, the green food mark is a manifestation of certifying that trademarks are brands. Green food regional brand is its subordinate concept. Non-pollution, safety, high quality, nutrition are not only the basic connotations, but core values of green food marks.These values are with the property of information asymmetry. However, information asymmetry problem can easily lead to "moral hazard" and "adverse selection", which will finally form the "lemons market"
The key factors of green food regional brand competition are clinging to and strengthening of green food core values in different regions and also giving the distinctive additional connotations to green food core values, which may form good reputation and clean-cut image of green food industry area. On the other hand, as local public goods, regional brands contains both private elements and public features. From the perspective of private elements, the regional brand is a powerful tool of its membership group when participating in market competition and it is with all the attributes of private brands.From the perspective of public features, as public goods of multiple subjects, the regional brand may either lead to insufficient supply due to "Free Rider" theory, or it may be infracted by lunatic opportunism because of "Tragedy of the Commons". The private elements and the public features of regional brands are the two basic routes of analysis on construction and competitiveness enhancement of regional brands. If the mutiple subjects within the group can not reach agreement on goals from public point of view, competitiveness is out of the question. The goal congruence of regional brand mutiple subjects is of great importance when enterprises participate in the market competition, that is to say, the market competitiveness reflected by the "private factors" of regional brand is on the basis of the goal congruence reached by public point of view. Cooperative competition mechanism is the base for the mutiple subjects to realize the goal congruence. Construction and competitiveness promotion of green food regional brand is essentially the problem of joint supply by regional brand mutiple subjects in the framework of green food mark management. The diversified subjects of green food regional brand participate actively into brand strategy system with the same target. They work together to construct group reputation and forge public image of rich levels and complete connotations. These should be the key factors to promote regional brand competitiveness of green food.
The mutiple subjects of green food regional brands have different status and play various roles in the process of construction and competitiveness promotion of regional brands.The local government is in the dominant position, enterprises are main bodies, industry associations have the organizational and management functions, while other external forces such as competitors, investors, consumers and so on play the role for the regional brand through the above three subjects.
On the whole, the promotion of regional brand competitiveness is a dynamic development process of building up market competitive advantages through active and effective brand management on the basis of cooperative competition of mutiple subjects.The dynamic promotion problem of regional brand mutiple subjects can be converted to static composition analysis, which can be divided into industrial factors, regional factors, brand factors and supporting factors.According to the static elements, we may build corresponding evaluation system to carry out evaluation analysis. Based on the evaluation results of static element indicators, we can also reveal the main problems of the dynamic fostering of regional brand competitiveness. The analysis and evaluation on the affecting factors of green food regional brands are the bases of proposing countermeasures to enhance competitiveness.
This paper conducts relative evaluation and analysis according to the data in Heilongjiang Province by AHP and fuzzy mathematics methods and concludes that the competitive index should be 80.89, which indicates the competitiveness of regional brand of green food in Heilongjiang Province is up to ordinary level.The evaluation results show that the key factors, such as leading enterprises, market regulation and the important factors, such as brand concentration, industrial organization, brand positioning, investment amount, educational background and other indicators are the major constraint "bottleneck" factors of construction and competitiveness promotion of green food regional brand in Heilongjiang Province. Evaluation results also demonstrate the development status and existing problems of the green food regional brands in Heilongjiang Province.
According to evaluation analysis and existing problems, combined with domestic and international experience, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures of construction and competitiveness promotion of green food regional brands in Heilongjiang Province.The detailed measures include:increasing the credibility supply by strengthening construction of leading enterprises; concentrating on management institutional improvement to prevent market risks; intensifying brand clusters building to enhance the market competitiveness;reinforcing green food regional brand management system to create overall regional brand competitive advantages.
These measures will effectively improve the key factors with greater weight and development potential and have motivation for a number of important factors with greater effects. Improving weaknesses and highlighting strengths are the practical significance of this paper.
绿色食品区域品牌建设及竞争力的提升是一项复杂的系统工程,其理论分析的关键点主要有两方面。一方面,绿色食品标志作为证明商标是品牌的一种表现形式,绿色食品区域品牌是其从属概念。无污染、安全、优质、营养是绿色食品标志的基本内涵,也是其核心价值,这种价值具有信息不对称性。信息不对称问题容易引致“道德风险”和“逆向选择”问题,最终形成“柠檬市场”。绿色食品区域品牌竞争的关键在于不同区域对绿色食品核心价值的坚守与强化,在于对绿色食品核心价值赋予与众不同的附加内涵,形成更加鲜明的绿色食品产业区域声誉与形象。另一方面,区域品牌作为地方性公共产品,既具有“私有性元素”,又具有公共性特点。从私有性视角来看,区域品牌是其所属集团参与市场竞争的强力工具,具有私有品牌的全部属性；从公共性视角来看,作为集团内多元主体的公共产品,区域品牌既可能因“搭便车”而导致供给不足,又可能因“公地悲剧”而受到极端机会主义侵害。区域品牌的公共性与私有性是区域品牌建设及竞争力提升分析的两条基本路线,如果从公共性角度集团内的多元主体无法达成目标一致,就谈不上竞争力问题,区域品牌多元主体的目标一致性是其参与市场竞争的关键,也就是说区域品牌“私有性元素”所体现的市场竞争力是以其从“公共性”角度形成的目标一致性为基本前提。合作竞争机制是多元主体实现目标一致性的制度基础。
绿色食品区域品牌建设及竞争力提升问题实质上就是在绿色食品标志管理框架下区域品牌多元主体联合供给问题。绿色食品区域品牌多元主体积极参与到目标一致的品牌战略体系,共同协作建设集体声誉,打造一个层次丰富、内涵完整的公共形象,是实现绿色食品区域品牌竞争力提升的问题关键。绿色食品区域品牌多元主体在区域品牌建设及竞争力提升过程中各具不同的地位和作用,其中,地方政府居于主导地位,企业是主体,行业协会具有组织管理职能,其他外部作用力量,诸如竞争对手、投资商、消费者等都是通过这三种主体对区域品牌发挥作用。区域品牌竞争力的提升是多元主体在合作竞争的基础上通过积极有效的品牌管理建立市场竞争优势的动态发展过程。区域品牌多元主体的动态提升问题可以转换为影响要素的静态构成分析,具体可以分为产业要素、区域要素和品牌要素和支持要素四个方面。根据静态构成要素可以构建相应的评价体系开展评测分析,依据静态要素指标评测结果,同样可以揭示区域品牌竞争力动态提升存在的主要问题。绿色食品区域品牌竞争力影响因素分析及评价是提升对策制定的基础。
本文运用层次分析和模糊数学方法,采用黑龙江省有关数据资料进行测度与分析,得出竞争力指数为80.89,说明黑龙江省绿色食品区域品牌竞争力处于一般水平。评测结果表明,关键要素中的龙头企业与市场监管以及重要因素中的品牌集聚、产业组织、品牌定位、投资额、教育程度等指标是黑龙江省绿色食品区域品牌建设及竞争力提升的主要制约瓶颈。评价结果验证了黑龙江省绿色食品区域品牌发展的现状与存在的问题。根据国内外经验、评测分析及存在的问题,提出了黑龙江省绿色食品区域品牌建设与竞争力提升的相应对策,即通过加强龙头企业建设增加信誉供给；加强管理制度建设防范市场风险；加强品牌集群建设增强市场竞争力；加强绿色食品区域品牌管理体系建设形成区域品牌整体竞争优势。这些对策可以有效改进那些权重较大且具发展潜力的关键因素,对重要因素中影响较大的指标也具有促动作用。明确劣势并加以改进,突出优势并加以保持,这是本文的实践意义所在。
Since 1980s, sustainable development of agriculture, regional brand management practice, brand competitiveness theory and other hot spots have aroused widespread concern of the academia. The issue of construction and competitiveness promotion of green food regional brands is the result of intersecting, developing, integrating and ever-evolving of theoretical study on related disciplines on the background of economic globalization and international competition.Construction and competitiveness promotion of green food regional brands is of great importance on expanding markets, promoting industrial upgrading, advancing regional economic development and solving issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area in China. Under the circumstances of increasingly fiercer market competition, how to carry out in depth the strategy of developing economy by green products and with local characteristics, how to highlight ecological and resource comparative advantages, how to foster competitive advantages of green food regional brands, how to effectuate changes in the pattern of economic growth and how to promote economic and social sustainable development are important tasks faced by green food industry and academia in Heilongjiang Province.
Construction and competitiveness promotion of green food regional brand is a complex, systematic project. The key points of its theoretical analysis are mainly based on the following two aspects. On the one hand, the green food mark is a manifestation of certifying that trademarks are brands. Green food regional brand is its subordinate concept. Non-pollution, safety, high quality, nutrition are not only the basic connotations, but core values of green food marks.These values are with the property of information asymmetry. However, information asymmetry problem can easily lead to "moral hazard" and "adverse selection", which will finally form the "lemons market"
The key factors of green food regional brand competition are clinging to and strengthening of green food core values in different regions and also giving the distinctive additional connotations to green food core values, which may form good reputation and clean-cut image of green food industry area. On the other hand, as local public goods, regional brands contains both private elements and public features. From the perspective of private elements, the regional brand is a powerful tool of its membership group when participating in market competition and it is with all the attributes of private brands.From the perspective of public features, as public goods of multiple subjects, the regional brand may either lead to insufficient supply due to "Free Rider" theory, or it may be infracted by lunatic opportunism because of "Tragedy of the Commons". The private elements and the public features of regional brands are the two basic routes of analysis on construction and competitiveness enhancement of regional brands. If the mutiple subjects within the group can not reach agreement on goals from public point of view, competitiveness is out of the question. The goal congruence of regional brand mutiple subjects is of great importance when enterprises participate in the market competition, that is to say, the market competitiveness reflected by the "private factors" of regional brand is on the basis of the goal congruence reached by public point of view. Cooperative competition mechanism is the base for the mutiple subjects to realize the goal congruence. Construction and competitiveness promotion of green food regional brand is essentially the problem of joint supply by regional brand mutiple subjects in the framework of green food mark management. The diversified subjects of green food regional brand participate actively into brand strategy system with the same target. They work together to construct group reputation and forge public image of rich levels and complete connotations. These should be the key factors to promote regional brand competitiveness of green food.
The mutiple subjects of green food regional brands have different status and play various roles in the process of construction and competitiveness promotion of regional brands.The local government is in the dominant position, enterprises are main bodies, industry associations have the organizational and management functions, while other external forces such as competitors, investors, consumers and so on play the role for the regional brand through the above three subjects.
On the whole, the promotion of regional brand competitiveness is a dynamic development process of building up market competitive advantages through active and effective brand management on the basis of cooperative competition of mutiple subjects.The dynamic promotion problem of regional brand mutiple subjects can be converted to static composition analysis, which can be divided into industrial factors, regional factors, brand factors and supporting factors.According to the static elements, we may build corresponding evaluation system to carry out evaluation analysis. Based on the evaluation results of static element indicators, we can also reveal the main problems of the dynamic fostering of regional brand competitiveness. The analysis and evaluation on the affecting factors of green food regional brands are the bases of proposing countermeasures to enhance competitiveness.
This paper conducts relative evaluation and analysis according to the data in Heilongjiang Province by AHP and fuzzy mathematics methods and concludes that the competitive index should be 80.89, which indicates the competitiveness of regional brand of green food in Heilongjiang Province is up to ordinary level.The evaluation results show that the key factors, such as leading enterprises, market regulation and the important factors, such as brand concentration, industrial organization, brand positioning, investment amount, educational background and other indicators are the major constraint "bottleneck" factors of construction and competitiveness promotion of green food regional brand in Heilongjiang Province. Evaluation results also demonstrate the development status and existing problems of the green food regional brands in Heilongjiang Province.
According to evaluation analysis and existing problems, combined with domestic and international experience, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures of construction and competitiveness promotion of green food regional brands in Heilongjiang Province.The detailed measures include:increasing the credibility supply by strengthening construction of leading enterprises; concentrating on management institutional improvement to prevent market risks; intensifying brand clusters building to enhance the market competitiveness;reinforcing green food regional brand management system to create overall regional brand competitive advantages.
These measures will effectively improve the key factors with greater weight and development potential and have motivation for a number of important factors with greater effects. Improving weaknesses and highlighting strengths are the practical significance of this paper.
引文
[1]刘连馥.绿色食品导论.北京：企业管理出版社,2000：1-2
[2]金碚.科学发展观与经济增长方式转变.中国工业经济,2006(5)：5-14
[3]刘黎黎,穆久顺.黑龙江省绿色食品产业经济增长方式及对策研究.现代商业,2009(3)：58～59
[4]Mihalis Kavaratzis. Place Branding:A Review of Trends and Conceptual Models. The Marketing Review,2005,5:329～342
[5][美]里克·莱兹伯斯(Rik Riezebos)等.品牌管理.北京：机械工业出版社,2004：1～2
[6]张挺.区域品牌的价值评估.上海：复旦大学博士学位论文,2006：14
[7]Ashworth, W.& Voogd, H.Selling the City. Belhaven, London,1990
[8][美]凯文·莱恩·凯勒著：李乃和等译.战略品牌管理(第2版).北京：中国人民大学出版社,2006：27
[9]Michael E. Porter. Clusters and the New Economics of Competitiveness. Harvard Business Review,1998, Vol.76(6):77-90
[10]Anholt S. Editor's Foreword to the First Issue. Place Branding,2004,1(1):4～11
[11]Creenagh Lodge. How Has Place Branding Developed during the Year that Place Branding Has Been in Publication?.Place Branding,2005,2(1):6～17
[12]Mihalis Kavaratzis. Place Branding:A Review of Trends and Conceptual Models. The Marketing Review,2005(5):329-342
[13]George Allen. Place Branding:New Tools for Economic Development. Design Management Review,2007,18(2):60-68
[14]孙丽辉,毕楠,李阳,孙领.国外区域品牌化理论研究进展探析.外国经济与管理,2009(2)：40～49
[15]Mihalis Kavaratzis. Place Branding:A Review of Trends and Conceptual Models. The Marketing Review,2005(5):329～342
[16]Philip Kotler, David Gertner. Country as Brand, Product and Beyond:A Place Marketing and Brand Management Perspective.Journal of Brand Management,2002,9(4/5):249～261
[17]Mihailovich, Philippe. Kinship Branding:A Concept of Holism and Evolution for the Nation Brand.Place Branding,2006,3(3):229～247
[18]Stuart A Rosenfeld. A Guide to Cluster Strategies in Less Favored Regions. Paper Presented at the Conference of Regional Technology Strategies, North Carolina, USA, 2002
[19]Per Lundequist. Dominic Power. Putting Porter into practice? Practices of regional cluster building:Evidence from Sweden. European Planning Studies.2002.10(6):685-704
[20]Mihailovich, Philippe. Kinship Branding:A Concept of Holism and Evolution for the Nation Brand. Place Branding,2006,3(3):229～247
[21]Takafumi Ikuta, Kou Yukawa, and Hiroshi Hamasaki. Regional Branding Measures in Japan:Efforts in 12 Major Prefectural and City Governments. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,2007,3(2):131～143
[22]孙丽辉,盛亚军,徐明.国内区域品牌理论研究进展述评.经济纵横,2008(11)：121～124
[23]倪焱平.基于博弈论的区域产业品牌培育途径及主体问题探讨.经济前沿,2008(2-3)：46～48
[24]吴传清,刘宏伟.区域产业集群整体品牌的名称术语规范研究.中国经济评论,2008(1)：34～40
[25]吴传清,李群峰,朱兰春.区域产业集群品牌的权属和效应探讨.学习与实践,2008(5)：23～28
[26]陈雪梅.区域核心竞争力：企业集群与地方品牌.学术研究,2003(3)：16～17
[27]陶金国.基于中小企业集群的区域营销研究.南京财经大学学报,2003(3)：62～65
[28]唐赤华.关于以品牌为导向发展产业集群的思考.福建行政学院福建经济管理干部学院学报,2004(1)20～22
[29]涂山峰,曹休宁.基于产业集群的区域品牌与区域经济增长.中国软科学,2005(12)：111～115
[30]李永刚.企业品牌、区域产业品牌与地方产业集群发展.财经论丛,2005(1)：22～27
[31]张聪群.创建区域品牌：产业集群竞争力提升的战略选择.商业研究,2006(18)：114～117
[32]熊爱华,汪波.基于产业集群的区域品牌形成研究.山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007(2)：84～89
[33]赵广华.我国产业集群品牌提升的政府促导机制.财贸经济,2007(5)：123～126
[34]李云海.区域品牌竞争力分析.特区经济,2008(9)：274-275
[35]毛振福.基于产业优势的区域品牌培育策略研究.科学与管理,2009(4)：49～50
[36]王敏.实施品牌战略促进产业化发展.农业经济,2007(6)：30
[37]李学工,易小平.农产品区域品牌建设中的“公共产品私人自愿供给”问题研究.兰州商学院学报,2009(4)：65～68
[38]彭代武,李亚林,戴化勇.农产品区域品牌竞争力提升研究.现代商贸工业,2009(11)：93～94
[39]佟光霁.区域农产品品牌建设的国际经验及对哈尔滨市的启示.决策咨询通讯, 2009(4)：37～41
[40]陈建光,罗英辉,单广玉.关于构造绿色食品品牌的思考.黑龙江农业,2001(6)：8-9
[41]高延鹏.黑龙江省绿色食品品牌建设的思考.哈尔滨商业大学学报(社会科学版),2001(9)：60～63
[42]陈清泰,谢伏瞻.经济全球化背景下的政府改革：中国的经验、问题与前景.管理世界,2001(4)：3-35
[43]任熹真,程玉林,王兰霞.发展绿色食品产业与打造黑龙江省绿色食品“品牌”的战略思考.商业研究,2002(5)：82～85
[44]王德章,赵大伟.中国绿色食品产业发展的战略选择.中国软科学,2003(9)：1-5
[45]王德章.中国绿色食品出口国的市场分析与进入战略、方式选择.中国流通经济,2004(8)：3-6
[46]王德章,赵大伟,陈建梅.产业竞争优势模型：基于黑龙江省绿色食品产业的实证研究.中国工业经济,2006(5)：32～39
[47]王德章,邓晨亮.黑龙江省绿色食品产业集群创新和转变增长方式的研究.农场经济管理,2007(3)：29～32
[48]邓平波.绿色食品品牌竞争力培育对策研究.新西部,2007(24)：22
[49]Keith Dinnie. Place Branding:Overview of an Emerging Literature. Place Branding, 2004,1(1):106～110
[50]孙丽辉.区域品牌形成中的地方政府作用研究—基于温州鞋业集群品牌的个案分析.当代经济研究,2009(1)：44～49
[51]Anholt S.Foreword to the Special Issue on Place Branding. Journal of Brand Management,2002,9(4-5):229～239
[52]Gardner B, Levy S J.The Product and the Brand. Boston:Harvard Business Review, 1955
[53][美]科特勒,阿姆斯特朗著：郭国庆等译.市场营销原理：第11版.北京：清华大学出版社,2007：216
[54]De Chernatory, McDonald.Creating powerful brands. Oxford:Buderworth-Heinermann,1998
[55]陈柳钦.产业集群的创新、合作竞争和区域品牌效应分析.兰州商学院学报,2008(2)：71～76
[56]张屈征,张月华,贾继荣.区享品牌的产权特点与政府作用.经济师,2003(8)：16-19
[57]Mihalis Kavaratzis, G J Ashworth. City Branding:An Effective Assertion of Identity or a Transitory Marketing Trick?.Place Branding,2006,3(3):183～194
[58]Seppo K Rainisto. Success Factors of Place Marketing:A study of Place Marketing Practices in Northern Europe and the United States. Finland:Helsinki University of Technology,2003
[59]王莹.长沙工程机械产业集群区域品牌竞争力研究.长沙：中南大学硕士学位论文,2007：7-8
[60]钱志新.产业集群的理论与实践.北京：中国财政经济出版社,2004：45
[61]Andersson T. Hanson, E.W. Serger, S.S.and Sorvik J.The Cluster Policies Whitebook, IKED, Stockholm,2004
[62]尹晶,许惠渊.以区域品牌为导向发展地方产业集群—以嵊州领带产业集群为例.中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2006(1)：72～75
[63]周云峰.绿色食品及其产业集群与区域品牌关联发展研究.特区经济,2010(5)：276-277
[64]Michael Gould, Heather Skinner. Branding on Ambiguity? Place Branding Without a National Identity:Marketing Northern Ireland as a Post-conflict Society in the USA. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,2007,3(1):100～113
[65]Nicolas Papadopoulos, Louise Heslop. Country Equity and Country Branding:Problems and Prospects. Journal of Brand Management,2002,9(4/5):294～314
[66]Nicolas Papadopoulos. Place Branding:Evolution, Meaning and Implications. Place Branding,2004,1(1):36-49
[67]胡大立,谌飞龙,吴群.区域品牌机理与构建分析.经济前沿,2005(3)：29～32
[68]陈方方,从凤侠.地域品牌与区域经济发展研究.山东社会科学,2005(3)：124-126
[69]Philip Nelson. Information and Consumer Behavior. Journal of Political Economy, 78(1970):311～329
[70]高群,潘扬彬.绿色食品产业组织形式的制度变迁路径.中国农学通报,2008(6)：507～511
[71][美]乔治·阿克洛夫.柠檬市场：质量的不确定性和市场机制.经济导刊,2001(6)：1-8
[72]刘连馥.绿色食品概念、标准及审批程序.中国食物与营养,2002(1)：17-19
[73]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学.上海：上海人民出版社,2004：339～342
[74]唐安来,张明林.绿色食品商标标志管理的理论探讨及其对策研究.中国实物与营养,2003(10)：62-64
[75][美]道格拉斯·诺斯.制度、制度变迁与经济绩效.上海：三联书店,1993：99～101
[76]陈继红,孙璐.哈尔滨市发展绿色食品产业集群的基本条件与优势.学术交流,2006(6)：115～118
[77][美]李嘉图.政治经济学及税赋原理.北京：华夏出版社,2005：122-168
[78][美]B·俄林.区域间贸易与国际贸易(中译本).北京：商务印书馆,1986
[79][美]保罗·克鲁格曼.克鲁格曼国际贸易新理论.北京：中国社会科学出版社,2001：21～61
[80]庄丽娟.比较优势、竞争优势与农业国际竞争力分析框架.农业经济问题,2004(3)：59～61
[81][美]迈克尔·波特.竞争战略.北京：华夏出版社,1997
[82][美]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势.北京：中国财政经济出版社,1998：10-15
[83][美]迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势.北京：华夏出版社,2002：119
[84][美]凯勒著；李乃和等译.战略品牌管理：第2版.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2006：55～56
[85]余可发.品牌竞争力结构维度及其测量研究.商业研究,2008(4)：41-45
[86]张世贤.论工业品品牌竞争力及其量化分析.经济导刊,1996(5)：38～44
[87]李光斗.品牌竞争力.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2003：16
[88]沈占波,杜晓静.论品牌竞争力外显性指标体系构建.商业研究,2005(7)：100～101
[89]白玉.论品牌经营的基本功能及其战略模式的选择.武汉理工大学学报,2002(4)：136-139
[90]邮红艳.品牌竞争力影响因素分析.中国工程科学,2002(5)：79～83
[91]Aaker D A, Erich Joachim Sthaler. Brand Leadership. The Free Press.2002
[92]季六祥.品牌竞争力战略的全球化定位.中国工业经济,2002(10)：51-55
[93]许基南.品牌竞争力研究.北京：经济管理出版社,2005：21
[94]徐希燕,曹丽,周滨.规模、创新与企业品牌竞争力.经济管理,2007(6)：30-33
[95]范秀成.品牌权益及其测评分析.南开管理评论,2000(1)：9-18
[96]胡大力.企业竞争力决定因素及其形成机理分析.北京：经济管理出版社,2005
[97]李雯霞,霍国庆.品牌竞争力的形成机理和构成.企业管理,2008(4)：94～95
[98]刘希宋,姜喜龙.企业创新能力与品牌竞争力关联性理论研究.科学学研究,2007(6)：557～560
[99]孙伟,陈涛,胡淑琴.品牌竞争力评价：国内研究述评.市场营销导刊,2008(6)：55～60
[100]金碚.企业竞争力测评的理论与方法.中国工业经济,2003(3)：5～13
[101][美]迈克尔·波特.竞争论.北京：中信出版社,2003：232～233
[102]洪文生.区域品牌建设的途径.发展研究,2005(3)：34～36
[103]陈秋红,赵瑞安.区域品牌的特性与发展策略.商业时代,2008(13)：31-34
[104]P. A. Samuelson. The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure. Review of Economics and Statistics,36(November 1954):387～390
[105]胡文华,黄艳娥.提高我国地方性公共产品供给效率的思考.时代人物,2008(4)：113～114
[106]Stiglitz,Joseph. The Theory of Local Public Goods Twenty-five Years After Tiebout:A Perspective in G.R.Zodrow,ed.,Local Provision of Public Service:The Tiebout Hypothesis After 25 Years, Academic(Ne York),1983
[107]李海东.区域品牌“搭便车”行为的博弈分析与治理路径.江西科技师范学院学报,2008(4)：32～35
[108]郭益.关于“公地悲剧”的思考.价格与市场,2004(9)：30
[109]Mihalis Kavaratzis. Place Branding:A review of Trends and Conceptual Models. The Marketing Review,2005(5):329-342
[110]胡大立,谌飞龙,吴群.品牌竞争力的内涵及其源流分析.经济问题探索,2005(10)：28～31
[111]周云峰.基于公共产品理论的区域品牌供给研究.生产力研究,2010(5)：151-153
[112][美]曼瑟尔·奥尔森(Olson,M.)著：陈郁等译.集体行动的逻辑.上海：上海人民出版社,1995：2
[113]江旺龙.区域品牌经营中社会各层面的决策机制分析—以景德镇为例的实证研究.江苏商论,2009(6)：88-90
[114]蒋廉雄,朱辉煌,卢泰宏.区域竞争的新战略：基于协同的区域品牌资产构建.中国软科学,2005(11)：107-116
[115][美]诺斯著；杭行译.制度、制度变迁与经济绩效.上海：格致出版社,2008：17
[116]王延惠.微观规制理论研究—基于对正统理论的批判和将市场作为一个过程的理解.北京：中国社会科学出版社,2005：287～296
[117][美]希尔曼.公共财政与公共政策—政府的责任与局限.北京：中国社会科学出版社,2006：284～289
[118]邹薇.高级微观经济学.武昌：武汉大学出版社,2004：204～206
[119]Weisbrod Burton. Toward a Theory of the Voluntary Nonprofit Sector in Three-sector Economy, in E. Phelps, eds, Altruism Morality and Economy Theory, New York:Russel Sage,1974
[120]Salmon, L. M.Partnersin. Pubic Service:The Scopeand Theory of Government-Nonprofit Relations. New Haven:Yale University Press,1987
[121]周燕,梁樑.国外公共产品多元化供给研究综述.经济纵横,2006(2)：74～76
[122]Mihailovich, Philippe. Kinship Branding:A Concept of Holism and Evolution for the Nation Brand. Place Branding,2006,3(3):229-247
[123]Nicolas Papadopoulos. Place Branding:Evolution, Meaning and Implications. Place Branding,2004,1(1):36～49
[124]Gilmore, F. A Country Can It Be Repositioned? Spain the Success Story of Country Branding. Journal of Brand Management,2002(April):281～293
[125]Brandenhurger A., Nalebuff B. The Right Game:Use Game Theory to Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review,1995, July-August,57～73
[126]傅毓维,郑佳.基于博弈论的企业品牌战略决策分析.经济经纬,2006(2)：104-106
[127]王雷.合作的演化机制研究.杭州：浙江大学博士学位论文,2004：26-27
[128]Foss N. J. Networks, Capabilities and Competitive Advantage, Scand. Journal of Management,1999,1(15):1～15
[129]咎廷全.系统经济：新经济的本质—兼论模块化理论.中国工业经济,2003(9)：23-29
[130]刘友金、杨继平.集群中企业协同竞争创新行为博弈分析.系统工程,2002(11)：22～26
[131]侯可.基于产业集群的区域品牌建设研究.江西财经大学硕士学位论文,2006：8-12
[132]陈敏.赣南脐橙区域品牌建设的思考.现代园艺,2007(7)：4～10
[133][美]凯文·莱恩·凯勒著；李乃和等译.战略品牌管理(第2版).北京：中国人民大学出版社,2006：310
[134]宋健.基于AHP和因子分析的地区信用环境指标体系构建的实证研究.中国软科学,2006(6)：111-119
[135]Dore, R. Taking Japan Seriously. Standford University, Stanford,1987
[136]Knack, Stephen and Philip Keefer. Does Social Capital Have An Economic Payoff A Cross-Country Investigation? Quarterly Journal of Economics,1997:1251～1288
[137][美]阿尔·里斯(A L Rise),杰克·特劳特(Jack Trout).定位.北京：中国财政经济出版社,2002
[138]Gilmore, F. A Country Can It Be Repositioned? Spain the Success Story of Country Branding. Journal of Brand Management,2002(April):281～293
[139]Hankinson,G.Location Branding:A Study of the Branding Practices of 12 English Cities. Journal of Brand Management,2001,19(2):127～142
[140]Kotler P.Gertner David.Country as Brand, Product and Beyond:A Place Marketing and Brand Management.Journal of Brand Management,2002,9(4-5):249～261
[141]Papadopoulos N. and Heslop L.A. Country Equity and Country Branding:Problems and Prospects. Journal of Brand Management,2002(April):294～314
[142]周云峰.基于数据包络分析的黑龙江省绿色食品销售效率研究.农业经济,2010(6)
[143]刘明珍.品牌经济学论纲.南方经济,2004(3)：37
[144]姚伟坤,周梅华.从集群恶性竞争到集群品牌竞争.华东经济管理,2009(8)：74～77
[2]金碚.科学发展观与经济增长方式转变.中国工业经济,2006(5)：5-14
[3]刘黎黎,穆久顺.黑龙江省绿色食品产业经济增长方式及对策研究.现代商业,2009(3)：58～59
[4]Mihalis Kavaratzis. Place Branding:A Review of Trends and Conceptual Models. The Marketing Review,2005,5:329～342
[5][美]里克·莱兹伯斯(Rik Riezebos)等.品牌管理.北京：机械工业出版社,2004：1～2
[6]张挺.区域品牌的价值评估.上海：复旦大学博士学位论文,2006：14
[7]Ashworth, W.& Voogd, H.Selling the City. Belhaven, London,1990
[8][美]凯文·莱恩·凯勒著：李乃和等译.战略品牌管理(第2版).北京：中国人民大学出版社,2006：27
[9]Michael E. Porter. Clusters and the New Economics of Competitiveness. Harvard Business Review,1998, Vol.76(6):77-90
[10]Anholt S. Editor's Foreword to the First Issue. Place Branding,2004,1(1):4～11
[11]Creenagh Lodge. How Has Place Branding Developed during the Year that Place Branding Has Been in Publication?.Place Branding,2005,2(1):6～17
[12]Mihalis Kavaratzis. Place Branding:A Review of Trends and Conceptual Models. The Marketing Review,2005(5):329-342
[13]George Allen. Place Branding:New Tools for Economic Development. Design Management Review,2007,18(2):60-68
[14]孙丽辉,毕楠,李阳,孙领.国外区域品牌化理论研究进展探析.外国经济与管理,2009(2)：40～49
[15]Mihalis Kavaratzis. Place Branding:A Review of Trends and Conceptual Models. The Marketing Review,2005(5):329～342
[16]Philip Kotler, David Gertner. Country as Brand, Product and Beyond:A Place Marketing and Brand Management Perspective.Journal of Brand Management,2002,9(4/5):249～261
[17]Mihailovich, Philippe. Kinship Branding:A Concept of Holism and Evolution for the Nation Brand.Place Branding,2006,3(3):229～247
[18]Stuart A Rosenfeld. A Guide to Cluster Strategies in Less Favored Regions. Paper Presented at the Conference of Regional Technology Strategies, North Carolina, USA, 2002
[19]Per Lundequist. Dominic Power. Putting Porter into practice? Practices of regional cluster building:Evidence from Sweden. European Planning Studies.2002.10(6):685-704
[20]Mihailovich, Philippe. Kinship Branding:A Concept of Holism and Evolution for the Nation Brand. Place Branding,2006,3(3):229～247
[21]Takafumi Ikuta, Kou Yukawa, and Hiroshi Hamasaki. Regional Branding Measures in Japan:Efforts in 12 Major Prefectural and City Governments. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,2007,3(2):131～143
[22]孙丽辉,盛亚军,徐明.国内区域品牌理论研究进展述评.经济纵横,2008(11)：121～124
[23]倪焱平.基于博弈论的区域产业品牌培育途径及主体问题探讨.经济前沿,2008(2-3)：46～48
[24]吴传清,刘宏伟.区域产业集群整体品牌的名称术语规范研究.中国经济评论,2008(1)：34～40
[25]吴传清,李群峰,朱兰春.区域产业集群品牌的权属和效应探讨.学习与实践,2008(5)：23～28
[26]陈雪梅.区域核心竞争力：企业集群与地方品牌.学术研究,2003(3)：16～17
[27]陶金国.基于中小企业集群的区域营销研究.南京财经大学学报,2003(3)：62～65
[28]唐赤华.关于以品牌为导向发展产业集群的思考.福建行政学院福建经济管理干部学院学报,2004(1)20～22
[29]涂山峰,曹休宁.基于产业集群的区域品牌与区域经济增长.中国软科学,2005(12)：111～115
[30]李永刚.企业品牌、区域产业品牌与地方产业集群发展.财经论丛,2005(1)：22～27
[31]张聪群.创建区域品牌：产业集群竞争力提升的战略选择.商业研究,2006(18)：114～117
[32]熊爱华,汪波.基于产业集群的区域品牌形成研究.山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2007(2)：84～89
[33]赵广华.我国产业集群品牌提升的政府促导机制.财贸经济,2007(5)：123～126
[34]李云海.区域品牌竞争力分析.特区经济,2008(9)：274-275
[35]毛振福.基于产业优势的区域品牌培育策略研究.科学与管理,2009(4)：49～50
[36]王敏.实施品牌战略促进产业化发展.农业经济,2007(6)：30
[37]李学工,易小平.农产品区域品牌建设中的“公共产品私人自愿供给”问题研究.兰州商学院学报,2009(4)：65～68
[38]彭代武,李亚林,戴化勇.农产品区域品牌竞争力提升研究.现代商贸工业,2009(11)：93～94
[39]佟光霁.区域农产品品牌建设的国际经验及对哈尔滨市的启示.决策咨询通讯, 2009(4)：37～41
[40]陈建光,罗英辉,单广玉.关于构造绿色食品品牌的思考.黑龙江农业,2001(6)：8-9
[41]高延鹏.黑龙江省绿色食品品牌建设的思考.哈尔滨商业大学学报(社会科学版),2001(9)：60～63
[42]陈清泰,谢伏瞻.经济全球化背景下的政府改革：中国的经验、问题与前景.管理世界,2001(4)：3-35
[43]任熹真,程玉林,王兰霞.发展绿色食品产业与打造黑龙江省绿色食品“品牌”的战略思考.商业研究,2002(5)：82～85
[44]王德章,赵大伟.中国绿色食品产业发展的战略选择.中国软科学,2003(9)：1-5
[45]王德章.中国绿色食品出口国的市场分析与进入战略、方式选择.中国流通经济,2004(8)：3-6
[46]王德章,赵大伟,陈建梅.产业竞争优势模型：基于黑龙江省绿色食品产业的实证研究.中国工业经济,2006(5)：32～39
[47]王德章,邓晨亮.黑龙江省绿色食品产业集群创新和转变增长方式的研究.农场经济管理,2007(3)：29～32
[48]邓平波.绿色食品品牌竞争力培育对策研究.新西部,2007(24)：22
[49]Keith Dinnie. Place Branding:Overview of an Emerging Literature. Place Branding, 2004,1(1):106～110
[50]孙丽辉.区域品牌形成中的地方政府作用研究—基于温州鞋业集群品牌的个案分析.当代经济研究,2009(1)：44～49
[51]Anholt S.Foreword to the Special Issue on Place Branding. Journal of Brand Management,2002,9(4-5):229～239
[52]Gardner B, Levy S J.The Product and the Brand. Boston:Harvard Business Review, 1955
[53][美]科特勒,阿姆斯特朗著：郭国庆等译.市场营销原理：第11版.北京：清华大学出版社,2007：216
[54]De Chernatory, McDonald.Creating powerful brands. Oxford:Buderworth-Heinermann,1998
[55]陈柳钦.产业集群的创新、合作竞争和区域品牌效应分析.兰州商学院学报,2008(2)：71～76
[56]张屈征,张月华,贾继荣.区享品牌的产权特点与政府作用.经济师,2003(8)：16-19
[57]Mihalis Kavaratzis, G J Ashworth. City Branding:An Effective Assertion of Identity or a Transitory Marketing Trick?.Place Branding,2006,3(3):183～194
[58]Seppo K Rainisto. Success Factors of Place Marketing:A study of Place Marketing Practices in Northern Europe and the United States. Finland:Helsinki University of Technology,2003
[59]王莹.长沙工程机械产业集群区域品牌竞争力研究.长沙：中南大学硕士学位论文,2007：7-8
[60]钱志新.产业集群的理论与实践.北京：中国财政经济出版社,2004：45
[61]Andersson T. Hanson, E.W. Serger, S.S.and Sorvik J.The Cluster Policies Whitebook, IKED, Stockholm,2004
[62]尹晶,许惠渊.以区域品牌为导向发展地方产业集群—以嵊州领带产业集群为例.中国农业大学学报(社会科学版),2006(1)：72～75
[63]周云峰.绿色食品及其产业集群与区域品牌关联发展研究.特区经济,2010(5)：276-277
[64]Michael Gould, Heather Skinner. Branding on Ambiguity? Place Branding Without a National Identity:Marketing Northern Ireland as a Post-conflict Society in the USA. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy,2007,3(1):100～113
[65]Nicolas Papadopoulos, Louise Heslop. Country Equity and Country Branding:Problems and Prospects. Journal of Brand Management,2002,9(4/5):294～314
[66]Nicolas Papadopoulos. Place Branding:Evolution, Meaning and Implications. Place Branding,2004,1(1):36-49
[67]胡大立,谌飞龙,吴群.区域品牌机理与构建分析.经济前沿,2005(3)：29～32
[68]陈方方,从凤侠.地域品牌与区域经济发展研究.山东社会科学,2005(3)：124-126
[69]Philip Nelson. Information and Consumer Behavior. Journal of Political Economy, 78(1970):311～329
[70]高群,潘扬彬.绿色食品产业组织形式的制度变迁路径.中国农学通报,2008(6)：507～511
[71][美]乔治·阿克洛夫.柠檬市场：质量的不确定性和市场机制.经济导刊,2001(6)：1-8
[72]刘连馥.绿色食品概念、标准及审批程序.中国食物与营养,2002(1)：17-19
[73]张维迎.博弈论与信息经济学.上海：上海人民出版社,2004：339～342
[74]唐安来,张明林.绿色食品商标标志管理的理论探讨及其对策研究.中国实物与营养,2003(10)：62-64
[75][美]道格拉斯·诺斯.制度、制度变迁与经济绩效.上海：三联书店,1993：99～101
[76]陈继红,孙璐.哈尔滨市发展绿色食品产业集群的基本条件与优势.学术交流,2006(6)：115～118
[77][美]李嘉图.政治经济学及税赋原理.北京：华夏出版社,2005：122-168
[78][美]B·俄林.区域间贸易与国际贸易(中译本).北京：商务印书馆,1986
[79][美]保罗·克鲁格曼.克鲁格曼国际贸易新理论.北京：中国社会科学出版社,2001：21～61
[80]庄丽娟.比较优势、竞争优势与农业国际竞争力分析框架.农业经济问题,2004(3)：59～61
[81][美]迈克尔·波特.竞争战略.北京：华夏出版社,1997
[82][美]迈克尔·波特.竞争优势.北京：中国财政经济出版社,1998：10-15
[83][美]迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势.北京：华夏出版社,2002：119
[84][美]凯勒著；李乃和等译.战略品牌管理：第2版.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2006：55～56
[85]余可发.品牌竞争力结构维度及其测量研究.商业研究,2008(4)：41-45
[86]张世贤.论工业品品牌竞争力及其量化分析.经济导刊,1996(5)：38～44
[87]李光斗.品牌竞争力.北京：中国人民大学出版社,2003：16
[88]沈占波,杜晓静.论品牌竞争力外显性指标体系构建.商业研究,2005(7)：100～101
[89]白玉.论品牌经营的基本功能及其战略模式的选择.武汉理工大学学报,2002(4)：136-139
[90]邮红艳.品牌竞争力影响因素分析.中国工程科学,2002(5)：79～83
[91]Aaker D A, Erich Joachim Sthaler. Brand Leadership. The Free Press.2002
[92]季六祥.品牌竞争力战略的全球化定位.中国工业经济,2002(10)：51-55
[93]许基南.品牌竞争力研究.北京：经济管理出版社,2005：21
[94]徐希燕,曹丽,周滨.规模、创新与企业品牌竞争力.经济管理,2007(6)：30-33
[95]范秀成.品牌权益及其测评分析.南开管理评论,2000(1)：9-18
[96]胡大力.企业竞争力决定因素及其形成机理分析.北京：经济管理出版社,2005
[97]李雯霞,霍国庆.品牌竞争力的形成机理和构成.企业管理,2008(4)：94～95
[98]刘希宋,姜喜龙.企业创新能力与品牌竞争力关联性理论研究.科学学研究,2007(6)：557～560
[99]孙伟,陈涛,胡淑琴.品牌竞争力评价：国内研究述评.市场营销导刊,2008(6)：55～60
[100]金碚.企业竞争力测评的理论与方法.中国工业经济,2003(3)：5～13
[101][美]迈克尔·波特.竞争论.北京：中信出版社,2003：232～233
[102]洪文生.区域品牌建设的途径.发展研究,2005(3)：34～36
[103]陈秋红,赵瑞安.区域品牌的特性与发展策略.商业时代,2008(13)：31-34
[104]P. A. Samuelson. The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure. Review of Economics and Statistics,36(November 1954):387～390
[105]胡文华,黄艳娥.提高我国地方性公共产品供给效率的思考.时代人物,2008(4)：113～114
[106]Stiglitz,Joseph. The Theory of Local Public Goods Twenty-five Years After Tiebout:A Perspective in G.R.Zodrow,ed.,Local Provision of Public Service:The Tiebout Hypothesis After 25 Years, Academic(Ne York),1983
[107]李海东.区域品牌“搭便车”行为的博弈分析与治理路径.江西科技师范学院学报,2008(4)：32～35
[108]郭益.关于“公地悲剧”的思考.价格与市场,2004(9)：30
[109]Mihalis Kavaratzis. Place Branding:A review of Trends and Conceptual Models. The Marketing Review,2005(5):329-342
[110]胡大立,谌飞龙,吴群.品牌竞争力的内涵及其源流分析.经济问题探索,2005(10)：28～31
[111]周云峰.基于公共产品理论的区域品牌供给研究.生产力研究,2010(5)：151-153
[112][美]曼瑟尔·奥尔森(Olson,M.)著：陈郁等译.集体行动的逻辑.上海：上海人民出版社,1995：2
[113]江旺龙.区域品牌经营中社会各层面的决策机制分析—以景德镇为例的实证研究.江苏商论,2009(6)：88-90
[114]蒋廉雄,朱辉煌,卢泰宏.区域竞争的新战略：基于协同的区域品牌资产构建.中国软科学,2005(11)：107-116
[115][美]诺斯著；杭行译.制度、制度变迁与经济绩效.上海：格致出版社,2008：17
[116]王延惠.微观规制理论研究—基于对正统理论的批判和将市场作为一个过程的理解.北京：中国社会科学出版社,2005：287～296
[117][美]希尔曼.公共财政与公共政策—政府的责任与局限.北京：中国社会科学出版社,2006：284～289
[118]邹薇.高级微观经济学.武昌：武汉大学出版社,2004：204～206
[119]Weisbrod Burton. Toward a Theory of the Voluntary Nonprofit Sector in Three-sector Economy, in E. Phelps, eds, Altruism Morality and Economy Theory, New York:Russel Sage,1974
[120]Salmon, L. M.Partnersin. Pubic Service:The Scopeand Theory of Government-Nonprofit Relations. New Haven:Yale University Press,1987
[121]周燕,梁樑.国外公共产品多元化供给研究综述.经济纵横,2006(2)：74～76
[122]Mihailovich, Philippe. Kinship Branding:A Concept of Holism and Evolution for the Nation Brand. Place Branding,2006,3(3):229-247
[123]Nicolas Papadopoulos. Place Branding:Evolution, Meaning and Implications. Place Branding,2004,1(1):36～49
[124]Gilmore, F. A Country Can It Be Repositioned? Spain the Success Story of Country Branding. Journal of Brand Management,2002(April):281～293
[125]Brandenhurger A., Nalebuff B. The Right Game:Use Game Theory to Shape Strategy, Harvard Business Review,1995, July-August,57～73
[126]傅毓维,郑佳.基于博弈论的企业品牌战略决策分析.经济经纬,2006(2)：104-106
[127]王雷.合作的演化机制研究.杭州：浙江大学博士学位论文,2004：26-27
[128]Foss N. J. Networks, Capabilities and Competitive Advantage, Scand. Journal of Management,1999,1(15):1～15
[129]咎廷全.系统经济：新经济的本质—兼论模块化理论.中国工业经济,2003(9)：23-29
[130]刘友金、杨继平.集群中企业协同竞争创新行为博弈分析.系统工程,2002(11)：22～26
[131]侯可.基于产业集群的区域品牌建设研究.江西财经大学硕士学位论文,2006：8-12
[132]陈敏.赣南脐橙区域品牌建设的思考.现代园艺,2007(7)：4～10
[133][美]凯文·莱恩·凯勒著；李乃和等译.战略品牌管理(第2版).北京：中国人民大学出版社,2006：310
[134]宋健.基于AHP和因子分析的地区信用环境指标体系构建的实证研究.中国软科学,2006(6)：111-119
[135]Dore, R. Taking Japan Seriously. Standford University, Stanford,1987
[136]Knack, Stephen and Philip Keefer. Does Social Capital Have An Economic Payoff A Cross-Country Investigation? Quarterly Journal of Economics,1997:1251～1288
[137][美]阿尔·里斯(A L Rise),杰克·特劳特(Jack Trout).定位.北京：中国财政经济出版社,2002
[138]Gilmore, F. A Country Can It Be Repositioned? Spain the Success Story of Country Branding. Journal of Brand Management,2002(April):281～293
[139]Hankinson,G.Location Branding:A Study of the Branding Practices of 12 English Cities. Journal of Brand Management,2001,19(2):127～142
[140]Kotler P.Gertner David.Country as Brand, Product and Beyond:A Place Marketing and Brand Management.Journal of Brand Management,2002,9(4-5):249～261
[141]Papadopoulos N. and Heslop L.A. Country Equity and Country Branding:Problems and Prospects. Journal of Brand Management,2002(April):294～314
[142]周云峰.基于数据包络分析的黑龙江省绿色食品销售效率研究.农业经济,2010(6)
[143]刘明珍.品牌经济学论纲.南方经济,2004(3)：37
[144]姚伟坤,周梅华.从集群恶性竞争到集群品牌竞争.华东经济管理,2009(8)：74～77