PVFM泡沫塑料对阳离子染料吸附性能的研究
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摘要
聚乙烯醇缩甲醛(PVFM)泡沫塑料具有丰富的开孔结构和极佳的耐化学品性能,干态状是一种冲击强度高,压缩弹性模量值大的硬质泡沫塑料,常用于化妆品的粉擦,汽车、沐浴、照相底片和食品容器的洗刷用品,还可以用于印刷版、医疗及过滤材料等。这种塑料用于层压塑料的中间层,在航空工业上用途很广。近年来它还作为污水处理的填料进行使用,并对其进行改性来得到更好的处理效果,但是用聚乙烯醇缩甲醛泡沫塑料进行吸附的研究较少。
本文首先以聚乙烯醇和甲醛为原料制备了PVFM泡沫塑料,并以它为吸附剂,以阳离子染料亚甲蓝和碱性品红为对象,研究了PVFM对两种染料的吸附行为,考察了吸附剂量、溶液PH值、吸附时间、染料的初始浓度和温度等因素对吸附率的影响,确定了最佳吸附条件,同时还研究了PVFM泡沫塑料吸附亚甲蓝和碱性品红两种染料的动力学和热力学。
通过对吸附剂量、溶液PH值、吸附时间、染料的初始浓度和温度等因素对吸附率的影响研究发现,PVFM泡沫塑料吸附亚甲蓝和碱性品红两种染料的去除率都是随着吸附剂量的增加而增加,吸附量随之减小,亚甲蓝和碱性品红的最佳吸附剂量分别为2.0g和1.6g,吸附率分别保持在93%和97%左右,吸附量分别保持在0.40和0.48mg/g左右。当染料溶液的PH≥4.0时,亚甲蓝的吸附量保持在0.46mg/g左右；在PH为4～10时,碱性品红的吸附量保持在0.60mg/g左右；在吸附时间200min后,PVFM泡沫塑料吸附亚甲蓝和碱性品红两种染料的吸附基本达到饱和;PVFM泡沫塑料对亚甲蓝的吸附是放热过程,碱性品红时吸热过程,两种染料的吸附率随着其各自初始浓度的增加而减小
通过时间对吸附的影响数据拟合,确定各温度下的反应速率常数。研究结果表明两种染料的吸附动力学行为都符合准二级动力学方程且外部溶液扩散是控速步骤。在实验研究的温度和浓度范围内,Langmuir和Freundlich等温方程都能很好的描述PVFM泡沫塑料对亚甲蓝和碱性品红的吸附行为,两个过程的吸附自由能变△G都为负值,是自发过程,两个过程的等量吸附焓△H分别为负值和正值。
Poly(vinyl formal) foam has a wealth of open-cell structure and excellent chemical resistance, the dry state of it is a kind of rigid foam which has high impact strength and compression modulus of elasticity. It was usually used in cosmetics powder brush, and the washing supplies of car. shower, photographic film and food containers, but also in print, medical and filtration materials. Meanwhile it is a interlayer of laminated plastic that is widely used in the aviation industry. In recent years, It is also as a filling material for waste treatment and modified, in order to get a good result.However, the research of adsorptions of PVFM foam is rarely.
In this paper, PVFM was made of polyvinyl alcohol and formaldehyde firstly. This experiment studied the adsorption behaviors of cationic dye which included methylene blue and basic fuchsin on PVFM foam. The effects of dosage of PVFM foam, PH, adsorption time, initial concentration of methylene blue and temperature were investigated, in order to the optimal adsorption conditions. Meanwhile, the dynamics and thermodynamics of two kinds of dyes adsorpted on PVFM were studied.
Through the adsorbent dosage, solution PH value, adsorption'time, initial dye concentration and temperature on the adsorption rate, it was founded that the removal rate of two kinds of dyes adsorped on PVFM increased with the increase in the amount of adsorbent, but adsorption capacity reduced, the best adsorption capacity of Methylene blue and basic fuchsin were respectively 2.0 and 1.6g, the adsorption rate remained at about 93 and 97% respectively, the adsorbing capacity remained at about 0.40 and 0.48mg/g respectively. When the solution PH≥4.0, adsorbing capacity of methylene blue remained at about 0.46mg/g, the basic fuchsin adsorbing capacity remained at about 0.60mg/g, in the PH of 4-10. After 200min in the adsorption time, adsorption of methylene blue and basic fuchsin on PVFM foam reached saturation basically. The methylene blue adsorption on PVFM foam is exothermic process, but the basic fuchsin endothermic process.
It fitted the data which was the effect of adsorption time of methylene blue and basic fuchsin on PVFM foam to determine the reaction rate constant of different temperature. The results show that adsorption dynamics of the two dyes are in line with quasi-second order kinetics equation and the diffusion of external solution is decisive step of rate. In the experimental temperature and concentration of study range, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations can be a good description of the adsorption behaviors of methylene blue and basic fuchsin on PVFM foam. The adsorption free energy change of two processes is negative, they are spontaneous process. The adsorption enthalpy change of two processes are negative and positive respectively.
本文首先以聚乙烯醇和甲醛为原料制备了PVFM泡沫塑料,并以它为吸附剂,以阳离子染料亚甲蓝和碱性品红为对象,研究了PVFM对两种染料的吸附行为,考察了吸附剂量、溶液PH值、吸附时间、染料的初始浓度和温度等因素对吸附率的影响,确定了最佳吸附条件,同时还研究了PVFM泡沫塑料吸附亚甲蓝和碱性品红两种染料的动力学和热力学。
通过对吸附剂量、溶液PH值、吸附时间、染料的初始浓度和温度等因素对吸附率的影响研究发现,PVFM泡沫塑料吸附亚甲蓝和碱性品红两种染料的去除率都是随着吸附剂量的增加而增加,吸附量随之减小,亚甲蓝和碱性品红的最佳吸附剂量分别为2.0g和1.6g,吸附率分别保持在93%和97%左右,吸附量分别保持在0.40和0.48mg/g左右。当染料溶液的PH≥4.0时,亚甲蓝的吸附量保持在0.46mg/g左右；在PH为4～10时,碱性品红的吸附量保持在0.60mg/g左右；在吸附时间200min后,PVFM泡沫塑料吸附亚甲蓝和碱性品红两种染料的吸附基本达到饱和;PVFM泡沫塑料对亚甲蓝的吸附是放热过程,碱性品红时吸热过程,两种染料的吸附率随着其各自初始浓度的增加而减小
通过时间对吸附的影响数据拟合,确定各温度下的反应速率常数。研究结果表明两种染料的吸附动力学行为都符合准二级动力学方程且外部溶液扩散是控速步骤。在实验研究的温度和浓度范围内,Langmuir和Freundlich等温方程都能很好的描述PVFM泡沫塑料对亚甲蓝和碱性品红的吸附行为,两个过程的吸附自由能变△G都为负值,是自发过程,两个过程的等量吸附焓△H分别为负值和正值。
Poly(vinyl formal) foam has a wealth of open-cell structure and excellent chemical resistance, the dry state of it is a kind of rigid foam which has high impact strength and compression modulus of elasticity. It was usually used in cosmetics powder brush, and the washing supplies of car. shower, photographic film and food containers, but also in print, medical and filtration materials. Meanwhile it is a interlayer of laminated plastic that is widely used in the aviation industry. In recent years, It is also as a filling material for waste treatment and modified, in order to get a good result.However, the research of adsorptions of PVFM foam is rarely.
In this paper, PVFM was made of polyvinyl alcohol and formaldehyde firstly. This experiment studied the adsorption behaviors of cationic dye which included methylene blue and basic fuchsin on PVFM foam. The effects of dosage of PVFM foam, PH, adsorption time, initial concentration of methylene blue and temperature were investigated, in order to the optimal adsorption conditions. Meanwhile, the dynamics and thermodynamics of two kinds of dyes adsorpted on PVFM were studied.
Through the adsorbent dosage, solution PH value, adsorption'time, initial dye concentration and temperature on the adsorption rate, it was founded that the removal rate of two kinds of dyes adsorped on PVFM increased with the increase in the amount of adsorbent, but adsorption capacity reduced, the best adsorption capacity of Methylene blue and basic fuchsin were respectively 2.0 and 1.6g, the adsorption rate remained at about 93 and 97% respectively, the adsorbing capacity remained at about 0.40 and 0.48mg/g respectively. When the solution PH≥4.0, adsorbing capacity of methylene blue remained at about 0.46mg/g, the basic fuchsin adsorbing capacity remained at about 0.60mg/g, in the PH of 4-10. After 200min in the adsorption time, adsorption of methylene blue and basic fuchsin on PVFM foam reached saturation basically. The methylene blue adsorption on PVFM foam is exothermic process, but the basic fuchsin endothermic process.
It fitted the data which was the effect of adsorption time of methylene blue and basic fuchsin on PVFM foam to determine the reaction rate constant of different temperature. The results show that adsorption dynamics of the two dyes are in line with quasi-second order kinetics equation and the diffusion of external solution is decisive step of rate. In the experimental temperature and concentration of study range, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations can be a good description of the adsorption behaviors of methylene blue and basic fuchsin on PVFM foam. The adsorption free energy change of two processes is negative, they are spontaneous process. The adsorption enthalpy change of two processes are negative and positive respectively.
引文
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[3]王振东,张志祥.印染废水的污染与控制[J].环境科学与技术,2001,24(1)：19～23.
[4]黄长盾,杨西昆,汪凯民等.印染废水处理[M].北京：纺织工业出版社,1987,1～10.
[5]张宇峰等.印染废水处理技术的研究进展[J].工业水处理,2003,23(4)：23～23.
[6]Porter.J.J,Brandon.C.Zero discharge as exemplified by textile dyeing and finishing[J]. Chem. tech,1996,(6):402-407.
[7]魏文圃,张志刚.活性炭在印染废水脱色中的应用[J].河北建筑工程学院学报,1995,(2)：20～26.
[8]肖敏,李丽,钟龙飞等,活性炭吸附法处理印染废水的研究[J].辽宁化工,2009,38(8)：537～539.
[9]T1AN Qing, LI Fang, LIU Fan,et al..Activated Carbon Adsorption Properties of the Residual Matters in Textile Dyeing and Printing Secondary Effluent[J].2008,25(3): 250-257.
[10]曾长庆,谢木章,宋玉华等.硅藻土、粉煤灰的活化及其在印染废水处理中的应用[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),1995,117～126.
[11]夏新华,黄毅.微电解/炉灰渣吸附法处理印染废水[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(18)：78～79.
[12]郑广宏,于蕾,夏邦天等.臭氧技术处理印染废水研究进展[J].工业用水与废水,2009,40(2)：6～10.
[13]严滨,傅海燕,柴天等.微电解在处理印染废水中的应用研究[J].厦门理工学院学报,2008,16(1)：18～22.
[14]蒋展鹏.环境工程学(第2版)[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2007.
[15]Sivaraj,R., Namasivayam, C.Kadirvelu, K.. Orange peel as an adsorbent in the removal of Acid violet 17(acid dye) from aqueous solutions[J].Waste Manage.2001, 21,105-110.
[16]胡巧开.花生壳活性炭的制备及其对印染废水的脱色处理研究[J].印染助剂,2009,26(7)：20～23.
[17]周峰,林金清,姚晓亮等.活性炭对印染废水中碱性紫的吸附作用[J].华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(3)：304～306.
[18]王湖坤,陈绍华等.核桃壳质活性炭的制备及处理印染废水的研究[J].印染助剂, 2008,25(8)：13～15.
[19]A.A. Ahmad,B.H.Hameed.Effect of preparation conditions of activated carbon from bamboo waste for real textile wastewater[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010, (173):487-493.
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