不同密度栽培的绿衣枳实的生理特性研究
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摘要
本试验以福建莆田大洋乡—福建华源本草医药研究开发有限公司生产基地提供的福建省地道中药材绿衣枳实为材料,对其田间三种不同栽培密度(密度一为1.5×1.5m~2、密度二为0.8×0.8m~2、密度三的为0.4×0.4m~2。以下简称:密度一、密度二和密度三)、不同生长发育时期的生理特性进行研究,拟探讨有利于提高绿衣枳实生理效应的田间栽培密度,为绿衣枳实的规模化生产提供理论依据。
实验结果表明:
1.绿衣枳实在密度一模式下,株行距较适合,植株间通风透光好,单株有足够的光照、水分、CO_2浓度等物质原料来完成光能的转化,合成更多有机物供植株生长发育,所以密度一的绿衣枳实叶片Chl含量、Pn在不同发育时期均显著高于密度二和密度三;Tr、Gs、Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo在生长后期随着栽培密度的增加而下降。
2.随着栽培密度的增加,株行距小,株数多,加剧了植株间养分的竞争,导致绿衣枳实叶片黄而小,含氮量显著下降,氮代谢中的关键酶NR、GOT、GPT、GS活性逐渐下降。
3.随着栽培密度的提高,群体内单株间竞争加剧,个体生长受到抑制,活性氧代谢加强,导致绿衣枳实叶片内源激素IAA含量显著下降,ABA含量显著升高;生长后期细胞膜透性增大,SOD和CAT活性显著下降,POD活性提高。
4.随着栽培密度的提高,绿衣枳实中挥发油、柚皮苷、维生素C含量下降;果实中可溶性糖含量密度二栽培模式＞密度一＞密度三,而有机酸含量则是密度一＞密度三＞密度二栽培。
总之,在密度一栽培条件下,绿衣枳实田间通风透光好,营养充足,叶片ⅠAA水平、氮代谢水平、叶绿素含量高,光合效率强,有利营养物质的贮藏,果大,果实挥发油、柚皮苷、维生素C、有机酸含量高;而密度三情况下,由于种植株数多,植株营养不良,生理代谢弱,叶片黄而小,造成早果、果小,果实的挥发油、柚皮苷、维生素C、有机酸含量明显降低。
The experiment was studied for the material of the Trifoliate-orange Fruit which is Fujian Province typical traditional Chinese medicine - Trifoliate-orange Fruit which was provided by Fujian Hua Yuan book on Chinese medicine medicine research development Limited company production base in the Fujian Putian Dayang township . We studied the physiological characteristic of Trifoliate-orange Fruit of different growth time and with three kinds of different field cultivation densities.(first density is for 1.5×1.5m~2, the second density for 0.8×0.8m~2, the third density is 0.4×0.4m~2. Note: As follows is written respectively by first density, the second density and the third density)and discussed which cultivation density is advantageous in enhancing the physiological characteristic of Trifoliate-orange Fruit and provided the theory basis for its the formalization production.
The experimental resultes indicated:
1. With the thin density, Trifoliate-orange Fruit has enough illumination, moisture content, CO_2 to complete the transformation of the light energy, and more synthesis of organic commodity supplied plant growth, because of the suitable row spacing between plants and good ventilates diaphanous. Then the Chl content, Pn of Trifoliate-orange Fruit leaf with first density are obviously higher than it with the second density and the third density in the different growth time. In the later growth period, Tr, Gs, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo drops along with increasing of the cultivation density.
2.Along with the increasing of cultivation density, a row spacing is smaller and the number are more, which intensified the nutrient competition between the plants, and caused the Trifoliate-orange Fruit leaf to be yellow and small, the nitrogen content obviously droped, the activeness of NR, GOT, GPT, GS which are the key enzymes in nitrogen metabolism's dropped gradually.
3.Along with the enhancement of cultivation density, in the community the competetition among plants intensifies, the individual growth receives suppresses and active oxygen metabolism strengthens, then causes the endogene hormone IAA content of the Trifoliate-orange Fruit leaf obviously to drop, the ABA content obviously elevates; In the later growth period the cell membrane penetrability increases、the activeness of SOD and CAT obviously drops, and POD activeness enhances.
4.Along with the enhancement of cultivation density, the content of the volatile oil, the Naringin, the Vitamin C in the Trifoliate-orange Fruit drops; the soluble sugar content in the fruit:second density cultivation > first density > the third density, but the organic acid content is first density > the third density > the second density cultivation.
In brief, with the thin density cultivation condition, the ventilate diaphanous of Trifoliate-orange Fruit is good in the field and the nutrition is sufficient.the IAA level of leaf the nitrogen metabolism level, the chlorophyll content are high, photosynthesis efficiency, All these are advantageous to nutrients' storing, the fruit is big, and the content of the fruit volatile oil、the Naringin, Vitamin C, the organic acid are high; But in the third density situation, because there are too many plants, the plant is malnutrity, physiological metabolism is weak, leaf is yellow and small, and fruit early, the fruit is small, then the content of the fruit volatile oil, the Naringin, Vitamin C, the organic acid reduce obviously.
实验结果表明:
1.绿衣枳实在密度一模式下,株行距较适合,植株间通风透光好,单株有足够的光照、水分、CO_2浓度等物质原料来完成光能的转化,合成更多有机物供植株生长发育,所以密度一的绿衣枳实叶片Chl含量、Pn在不同发育时期均显著高于密度二和密度三;Tr、Gs、Fv/Fm和Fv/Fo在生长后期随着栽培密度的增加而下降。
2.随着栽培密度的增加,株行距小,株数多,加剧了植株间养分的竞争,导致绿衣枳实叶片黄而小,含氮量显著下降,氮代谢中的关键酶NR、GOT、GPT、GS活性逐渐下降。
3.随着栽培密度的提高,群体内单株间竞争加剧,个体生长受到抑制,活性氧代谢加强,导致绿衣枳实叶片内源激素IAA含量显著下降,ABA含量显著升高;生长后期细胞膜透性增大,SOD和CAT活性显著下降,POD活性提高。
4.随着栽培密度的提高,绿衣枳实中挥发油、柚皮苷、维生素C含量下降;果实中可溶性糖含量密度二栽培模式＞密度一＞密度三,而有机酸含量则是密度一＞密度三＞密度二栽培。
总之,在密度一栽培条件下,绿衣枳实田间通风透光好,营养充足,叶片ⅠAA水平、氮代谢水平、叶绿素含量高,光合效率强,有利营养物质的贮藏,果大,果实挥发油、柚皮苷、维生素C、有机酸含量高;而密度三情况下,由于种植株数多,植株营养不良,生理代谢弱,叶片黄而小,造成早果、果小,果实的挥发油、柚皮苷、维生素C、有机酸含量明显降低。
The experiment was studied for the material of the Trifoliate-orange Fruit which is Fujian Province typical traditional Chinese medicine - Trifoliate-orange Fruit which was provided by Fujian Hua Yuan book on Chinese medicine medicine research development Limited company production base in the Fujian Putian Dayang township . We studied the physiological characteristic of Trifoliate-orange Fruit of different growth time and with three kinds of different field cultivation densities.(first density is for 1.5×1.5m~2, the second density for 0.8×0.8m~2, the third density is 0.4×0.4m~2. Note: As follows is written respectively by first density, the second density and the third density)and discussed which cultivation density is advantageous in enhancing the physiological characteristic of Trifoliate-orange Fruit and provided the theory basis for its the formalization production.
The experimental resultes indicated:
1. With the thin density, Trifoliate-orange Fruit has enough illumination, moisture content, CO_2 to complete the transformation of the light energy, and more synthesis of organic commodity supplied plant growth, because of the suitable row spacing between plants and good ventilates diaphanous. Then the Chl content, Pn of Trifoliate-orange Fruit leaf with first density are obviously higher than it with the second density and the third density in the different growth time. In the later growth period, Tr, Gs, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo drops along with increasing of the cultivation density.
2.Along with the increasing of cultivation density, a row spacing is smaller and the number are more, which intensified the nutrient competition between the plants, and caused the Trifoliate-orange Fruit leaf to be yellow and small, the nitrogen content obviously droped, the activeness of NR, GOT, GPT, GS which are the key enzymes in nitrogen metabolism's dropped gradually.
3.Along with the enhancement of cultivation density, in the community the competetition among plants intensifies, the individual growth receives suppresses and active oxygen metabolism strengthens, then causes the endogene hormone IAA content of the Trifoliate-orange Fruit leaf obviously to drop, the ABA content obviously elevates; In the later growth period the cell membrane penetrability increases、the activeness of SOD and CAT obviously drops, and POD activeness enhances.
4.Along with the enhancement of cultivation density, the content of the volatile oil, the Naringin, the Vitamin C in the Trifoliate-orange Fruit drops; the soluble sugar content in the fruit:second density cultivation > first density > the third density, but the organic acid content is first density > the third density > the second density cultivation.
In brief, with the thin density cultivation condition, the ventilate diaphanous of Trifoliate-orange Fruit is good in the field and the nutrition is sufficient.the IAA level of leaf the nitrogen metabolism level, the chlorophyll content are high, photosynthesis efficiency, All these are advantageous to nutrients' storing, the fruit is big, and the content of the fruit volatile oil、the Naringin, Vitamin C, the organic acid are high; But in the third density situation, because there are too many plants, the plant is malnutrity, physiological metabolism is weak, leaf is yellow and small, and fruit early, the fruit is small, then the content of the fruit volatile oil, the Naringin, Vitamin C, the organic acid reduce obviously.
引文
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