山区高速公路长陡坡路段避险车道设置方法研究
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摘要
车辆在连续长大下坡路段行驶时,为保持一定的安全速度并与前车保持一定的安全距离,驾驶员必须持续不断地实施制动。连续制动使得制动器温度快速升高,制动器制动效能下降,导致车辆制动系统失灵,引起车辆失控。目前为避免车辆在长大下坡路段失控造成交通事故采取了多种措施,其中避险车道在国内外被认为是解决连续长大下坡路段车辆制动器失灵引起的交通事故的最好办法。但是由于避险车道投资巨大,维护费用高,因此合理地设置避险车道就显得尤为重要。
本文首先对我国高速公路的现状和发展前景做了介绍,认为随着我国高速公路向西部山区、经济不发达地区的发展,交通安全形势将会日趋严峻,综合研究山区高速公路的安全问题非常重要。然后对高速公路长大下坡路段存在的各方面的安全问题进行了分析。再分析了载重货车在长大下坡路段的行驶规律,从车辆在长大下坡路段制动失效的原因入手进行分析,在明确制动器失效温度的前提下,从而得到车辆在长大下坡路段制动失效时距坡顶距离与坡度、车辆速度的关系的计算公式。
为便于在具体设计中采用本理论作为设置避险车道的计算依据,本文在得到制动失效时距坡顶距离与坡度、车辆速度的关系的计算公式后,针对公式中的车辆速度为实际运行速度无法实际具体的采用问题,引入设计车速概念到公式中对运行速度进行替换,从而在实际设计中更加具备实用性。
最后结合广东省连州(湘粤界)至怀集公路项目A2设计合同段中K59+800～K72+300及K109+000～K116+800两长大纵坡路段内避险车道设置位置的分析过程,逐步采用本文所提出的分析方法进行分析。并结合实际设计中遇到的问题,针对路线线形、地形、前后构造物设置等因素,对设置位置进行进一步筛选。并讨论了避险车道的各项具体设计的情况。
Vehicles traveling downhill grew up in a row, in order to maintain a certain speed and the safety of the vehicle in front to keep a safe distance. the driver must implement continuous braking. Continuous braking make rapid increasing in temperature of the brake, brake performance degradation, causing the vehicle brake failure, causing loss of control. Now grow up in order to avoid vehicle accidents caused by out of control downhill taken various measures, including the emergency lane at home and abroad is considered to solve the continuous growth downhill brake failure caused the accident vehicle the best way to. However, due to huge investment hedge lane, high maintenance costs, thus setting a reasonable emergency lane is particularly important.
This article first of the current situation and development prospects of highways has made the introduction, That with China's highway to the western mountains, the development of economically underdeveloped areas, the situation will be worsening traffic safety,
Comprehensive study of mountain highway safety issue is very important. Grew up on the freeway and then downhill all aspects of the existing security problems were analyzed. And then analyzed for heavy goods vehicles driving downhill in the law of growth, Grow up from the vehicle braking downhill start to analyze the reasons for failure. In the clear premise of brake failure temperature, resulting in the vehicle grew up downhill braking distance and time away from the top of the hill slope, the relationship between vehicle speeds is calculated.
In order to facilitate the use of the specific design of the emergency lane of the theory as calculated on the basis set, In this paper, from the top of the slope failure by braking distance and slope, the relationship between vehicle speed after the formula, The introduction of the concept of design speed to the formula for speed to be replaced, resulting in a more practical design with practical
Finally, even the state of Guangdong Province Lianzhou to Huaiji the A2 highway project design section K59 +800 ~ K72 +300 and K109 +000 ~ K116 +800 section of the two grew up in the emergency lane to set the longitudinal position of the analysis process,
Progressive adoption of the proposed method to analyze. Combined with practical design problems for linear routes, terrain, structures before and after the set and other factors, on the set location for further screening. And discussed the specific design of the emergency lane to the situation.
本文首先对我国高速公路的现状和发展前景做了介绍,认为随着我国高速公路向西部山区、经济不发达地区的发展,交通安全形势将会日趋严峻,综合研究山区高速公路的安全问题非常重要。然后对高速公路长大下坡路段存在的各方面的安全问题进行了分析。再分析了载重货车在长大下坡路段的行驶规律,从车辆在长大下坡路段制动失效的原因入手进行分析,在明确制动器失效温度的前提下,从而得到车辆在长大下坡路段制动失效时距坡顶距离与坡度、车辆速度的关系的计算公式。
为便于在具体设计中采用本理论作为设置避险车道的计算依据,本文在得到制动失效时距坡顶距离与坡度、车辆速度的关系的计算公式后,针对公式中的车辆速度为实际运行速度无法实际具体的采用问题,引入设计车速概念到公式中对运行速度进行替换,从而在实际设计中更加具备实用性。
最后结合广东省连州(湘粤界)至怀集公路项目A2设计合同段中K59+800～K72+300及K109+000～K116+800两长大纵坡路段内避险车道设置位置的分析过程,逐步采用本文所提出的分析方法进行分析。并结合实际设计中遇到的问题,针对路线线形、地形、前后构造物设置等因素,对设置位置进行进一步筛选。并讨论了避险车道的各项具体设计的情况。
Vehicles traveling downhill grew up in a row, in order to maintain a certain speed and the safety of the vehicle in front to keep a safe distance. the driver must implement continuous braking. Continuous braking make rapid increasing in temperature of the brake, brake performance degradation, causing the vehicle brake failure, causing loss of control. Now grow up in order to avoid vehicle accidents caused by out of control downhill taken various measures, including the emergency lane at home and abroad is considered to solve the continuous growth downhill brake failure caused the accident vehicle the best way to. However, due to huge investment hedge lane, high maintenance costs, thus setting a reasonable emergency lane is particularly important.
This article first of the current situation and development prospects of highways has made the introduction, That with China's highway to the western mountains, the development of economically underdeveloped areas, the situation will be worsening traffic safety,
Comprehensive study of mountain highway safety issue is very important. Grew up on the freeway and then downhill all aspects of the existing security problems were analyzed. And then analyzed for heavy goods vehicles driving downhill in the law of growth, Grow up from the vehicle braking downhill start to analyze the reasons for failure. In the clear premise of brake failure temperature, resulting in the vehicle grew up downhill braking distance and time away from the top of the hill slope, the relationship between vehicle speeds is calculated.
In order to facilitate the use of the specific design of the emergency lane of the theory as calculated on the basis set, In this paper, from the top of the slope failure by braking distance and slope, the relationship between vehicle speed after the formula, The introduction of the concept of design speed to the formula for speed to be replaced, resulting in a more practical design with practical
Finally, even the state of Guangdong Province Lianzhou to Huaiji the A2 highway project design section K59 +800 ~ K72 +300 and K109 +000 ~ K116 +800 section of the two grew up in the emergency lane to set the longitudinal position of the analysis process,
Progressive adoption of the proposed method to analyze. Combined with practical design problems for linear routes, terrain, structures before and after the set and other factors, on the set location for further screening. And discussed the specific design of the emergency lane to the situation.
引文
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[8] Geometric Design Guide[S].South African National Roads Agency, 2003:8一34.
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[11]景天然.交通事故与公路条件[J].上海:同济大学学报,1991, 19(3)
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[13]李淑庆.西部山区重大道路交通事故治理措施初探[J].重庆交通学院学报,2003, 22 (2).
[14]刘小明,任福田.论道路交通安全[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
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[17]方守恩,杨东援,刘银生等. 107国道岳阳至长沙段事故多发路段研究[J].华东公路,2001, 1.
[18]杨树忠,熊坚,张昆.汽车在山区公路制动、转向载荷谱的测试系统[J].云南工业大学学报,1998, 2.
[19]李清波,谢珍.公路纵坡设计的理论分析[J].长沙交通学院学报,1998, 9.
[20]钟小明.平曲线半径及纵坡对高速公路自由流运行速度的影响[D].北京:北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2002, 12.
[21]段里仁.交通管理和交通安全[J].城市规划,1995
[22]刘倩文,陈永胜,刘小明等.长大下坡路段的安全分析与治理[J]. 2005, 3.
[23]余强.汽车下坡持续制动性能研究[D].西安:西安公路交通大学博士论文,2000:3-4.
[24]袁伟.鼓式制动器温升计算模型及其应用研究[D].西安:长安大学硕士论文,2003.
[25] Truck Escape Ramp Study[R]. Arizona Department of Transportation, ADOT, December 2003:3-51.
[26]余志生.汽车理论(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000:10-11,77.
[27]周荣贵,孙家凤,吴万阳等.公路纵坡坡度与坡长限制[R].北京:交通部公路科学研究所,2003 (6) : 56, 70-71.
[2] Walid Abdelwahab,John F.Morral.Determining Need For And Location of Truck Escape Ramps[J].Journal of Transportation Engineering,September/oetober1997.
[3] A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and streets (Green Book)[S].American Association of State Highway Transportation officials(AASHTO),2001.
[4] Roadway Design Guidelines[S]. Arizona Department of Transportation 2004:200-45.
[5] [5] Truck Escape Ramps[M]. California: Traffic Bulletin No. 24, 1986.
[6] Roadway Design Manual[S]. North Carolina Department Of Transportation, 2001:2-5.
[7] Road Planning and Design Manual [S].Queensland Department of MainRoads, 2002:15-9.
[8] Geometric Design Guide[S].South African National Roads Agency, 2003:8一34.
[9]中华人民共和国交通部标准.公路工程技术标准(JTG BO1-2003) [S]北京:中华人民共和国交通部,2004, 2:3-3.
[10]石飞荣,杨少伟.山区高速公路车辆下行最大纵坡及坡长限制分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2001 (2 ).
[11]景天然.交通事故与公路条件[J].上海:同济大学学报,1991, 19(3)
[12]崔洪军,魏连雨,庞建勋.道路条件与交通安全的研究方法[J].西安:西安公路交通大学学报,2001, 21 (5).
[13]李淑庆.西部山区重大道路交通事故治理措施初探[J].重庆交通学院学报,2003, 22 (2).
[14]刘小明,任福田.论道路交通安全[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001.
[15]赵恩堂,刘希柏等.道路交通安全[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.2.
[16]巴布可夫著,景天然译.道路条件与交通安全[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1990.
[17]方守恩,杨东援,刘银生等. 107国道岳阳至长沙段事故多发路段研究[J].华东公路,2001, 1.
[18]杨树忠,熊坚,张昆.汽车在山区公路制动、转向载荷谱的测试系统[J].云南工业大学学报,1998, 2.
[19]李清波,谢珍.公路纵坡设计的理论分析[J].长沙交通学院学报,1998, 9.
[20]钟小明.平曲线半径及纵坡对高速公路自由流运行速度的影响[D].北京:北京工业大学硕士学位论文,2002, 12.
[21]段里仁.交通管理和交通安全[J].城市规划,1995
[22]刘倩文,陈永胜,刘小明等.长大下坡路段的安全分析与治理[J]. 2005, 3.
[23]余强.汽车下坡持续制动性能研究[D].西安:西安公路交通大学博士论文,2000:3-4.
[24]袁伟.鼓式制动器温升计算模型及其应用研究[D].西安:长安大学硕士论文,2003.
[25] Truck Escape Ramp Study[R]. Arizona Department of Transportation, ADOT, December 2003:3-51.
[26]余志生.汽车理论(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000:10-11,77.
[27]周荣贵,孙家凤,吴万阳等.公路纵坡坡度与坡长限制[R].北京:交通部公路科学研究所,2003 (6) : 56, 70-71.