太阳能镜面传动装置的优化设计及三维模型的建立
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摘要
太阳能是一种具有开发潜能的能源,但目前太阳能的利用率不高,理论分析表明,采用跟踪技术可以提高37.7%的能量接收率。太阳能镜面传动装置是太阳跟踪过程的执行单元,目前已成为国内外学者研究的热点。本文首先对国内外现有的太阳能镜面传动装置的原理进行分析,结果表明这些装置普遍存在着跟踪精度低、制造成本高、刚度低等缺点,因此提出了一种新型的太阳能镜面传动装置,该装置基于斜平面一次包络环面蜗杆传动,可同时跟踪太阳的方位角和高度角。
在深入分析了斜平面一次包络环面蜗杆传动的成形原理、啮合原理的情况下,推导出了蜗轮轴向位置调整量与斜平面一次包络环面蜗杆传动齿侧间隙量之间的关系,在蜗轮副磨损的情况下,可以对其齿侧间隙进行调整和补偿,以提高跟踪精度。
通过详细分析各主要参数对斜平面一次包络环面蜗杆的几何特性和啮合性能的影响规律,得出结论：各参数对几何特性和啮合性能的影响规律各异,如果使几何特性和啮合性能都处于良好的状态,必须进行参数优化。并且使制造成本降到最低,所以将体积最小和性能最优作为目标函数,建立优化数学模型,采用多目标优化方法进行优化设计,应用MATLAB语言求解优化结果。优化实例验证了优化设计方法的可行性、正确性、优越性。
在Pro/ENGINEER系统中,建立了斜平面一次包络环面蜗杆副等太阳能镜面传动装置零件的三维模型,并对太阳能镜面传动装置进行了装配设计、干涉检验,为太阳能镜面传动装置的优化提供了便捷的手段。同时,也为更进一步的结构分析提供了较好的三维模型。
Solar energy is a kind of energy with the potential of development, but the current solar utilization is not efficient. The theories analysis expresses that adopting the solar tracking can increase 37.7% the rate of the energy accepts. S olar h eliostat driving device is a performance element during tracking sun, so a lot of domestic and international scholars investigative the device. Firstly, on the basis of the principle of domestic and international solar trackers, the result expresses that these device have low accuracy, high manufacturing cost and the weakness of low rigidity. So, this paper presents a new solar heliostat driving device, which the device base on oblique plane primary enveloping worm drive.
After shaping theory and meshing theory of oblique plane primary enveloping worm drive is carefully studied, the relation of the trim of axial position of worm wheel and tooth side clearance of oblique plane primary enveloping worm drive is deduced, plane worm with variable tooth thickness may be used as primary drive mechanism in traction machine instead of cylindrical worm, so accuracy is improved.
Through analyzing the impact of many major parameters on geometry characteristics and meshing performances of oblique plane primary enveloping worm, it is concluded that the effect rules of every parameters are different after the effect rules of some primary parameters to geometry characteristics and meshing performances are discussed, so an overall optimization must be given for proper geometry characteristics and meshing performances. In order to reduce manufacturing cost, least volume and optimal characteristics is acted as objective function, building mathematical model and optimizing the design with multi objective optimal methods, then solving optimization outcome with MATLAB. The example testifies that it's practicable, correct and effective to apply the optimal methods.
In the system of Pro/ENGINEER, the parts of solar heliostat driving device are built as three-dimensional models, and solar heliostat driving device is designed assembly and tested on interference, t his modeling can provide a convenient study method for optimized design of solar heliostat driving device, at the same time, provide better three-dimensional model for structural analysis.
在深入分析了斜平面一次包络环面蜗杆传动的成形原理、啮合原理的情况下,推导出了蜗轮轴向位置调整量与斜平面一次包络环面蜗杆传动齿侧间隙量之间的关系,在蜗轮副磨损的情况下,可以对其齿侧间隙进行调整和补偿,以提高跟踪精度。
通过详细分析各主要参数对斜平面一次包络环面蜗杆的几何特性和啮合性能的影响规律,得出结论：各参数对几何特性和啮合性能的影响规律各异,如果使几何特性和啮合性能都处于良好的状态,必须进行参数优化。并且使制造成本降到最低,所以将体积最小和性能最优作为目标函数,建立优化数学模型,采用多目标优化方法进行优化设计,应用MATLAB语言求解优化结果。优化实例验证了优化设计方法的可行性、正确性、优越性。
在Pro/ENGINEER系统中,建立了斜平面一次包络环面蜗杆副等太阳能镜面传动装置零件的三维模型,并对太阳能镜面传动装置进行了装配设计、干涉检验,为太阳能镜面传动装置的优化提供了便捷的手段。同时,也为更进一步的结构分析提供了较好的三维模型。
Solar energy is a kind of energy with the potential of development, but the current solar utilization is not efficient. The theories analysis expresses that adopting the solar tracking can increase 37.7% the rate of the energy accepts. S olar h eliostat driving device is a performance element during tracking sun, so a lot of domestic and international scholars investigative the device. Firstly, on the basis of the principle of domestic and international solar trackers, the result expresses that these device have low accuracy, high manufacturing cost and the weakness of low rigidity. So, this paper presents a new solar heliostat driving device, which the device base on oblique plane primary enveloping worm drive.
After shaping theory and meshing theory of oblique plane primary enveloping worm drive is carefully studied, the relation of the trim of axial position of worm wheel and tooth side clearance of oblique plane primary enveloping worm drive is deduced, plane worm with variable tooth thickness may be used as primary drive mechanism in traction machine instead of cylindrical worm, so accuracy is improved.
Through analyzing the impact of many major parameters on geometry characteristics and meshing performances of oblique plane primary enveloping worm, it is concluded that the effect rules of every parameters are different after the effect rules of some primary parameters to geometry characteristics and meshing performances are discussed, so an overall optimization must be given for proper geometry characteristics and meshing performances. In order to reduce manufacturing cost, least volume and optimal characteristics is acted as objective function, building mathematical model and optimizing the design with multi objective optimal methods, then solving optimization outcome with MATLAB. The example testifies that it's practicable, correct and effective to apply the optimal methods.
In the system of Pro/ENGINEER, the parts of solar heliostat driving device are built as three-dimensional models, and solar heliostat driving device is designed assembly and tested on interference, t his modeling can provide a convenient study method for optimized design of solar heliostat driving device, at the same time, provide better three-dimensional model for structural analysis.
引文
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2.宋开峰.新型太阳跟踪装置机构的研究[D],天津：河北工业大学,2004.
3. Garbler H. Grid-connected photovoltaic [J], Solar Energy,2001,70(6):455-456.
4. Chanchiang Hua, Chiming Shen. Study of maximum power tracking techniques and control of DC/DC converters for photovoltaic power system [J], PESC 98 Record.29th Annual IEEE,1998,1:86-93.
5. Carvalho MJ, Collars Pereira M. Truncation of CPC solar collectors and its effect collection [J], Solar Energy,1985,35(5):393-399.
6. G. J. Kolb, D. J. Alpert, C. W. Lopez. Insights from the operation of solar one and their implications for future central receiver plants [J], Solar Energy,1991,47(1): 39-47.
7. A. Segal, M. Epstein. Comparative performances of'tower-top' and 'tower-reflector'central solar receivers [J], Solar Energy,1999,65(4):207-226.
8. A. James, G. Thermal. Thermal Performance of Solar Concentrator/Cavity Receiver Systems [J], Solar Energy,1985,34(2):135-142.
9.徐文灿,袁俊,严伟,杨庆.太阳能自动跟踪系统的探索与实验[J],物理实验,2003,23(9)：45-48.
10.侯长来.一种自给动力式太阳跟踪装置的结构及工作原理[J],能源工程,2004,6： 35-37.
11.张迎胜,唐忆春,杨波.一种新型的极轴式自动跟踪装置[J],太阳能学报,1994,15(4)：377-379.
12.袁志国,阙沛文,黄作英.一种太阳自动跟踪装置的设计[J],仪器仪表装置,2007,2：30-33.
13.李建英,吕文华,贺晓雷,于贺军.一种智能型全自动太阳跟踪装置的机械设计[J],太阳能学报,2003,24(3)：330-334.
14.张耀明,孙立国,张振远,张文进,刘晓峰.塔式太阳能热发电技术研究[C],第三届泛长三角能源科技论坛论文集,2006,25-29.
15.张保军,付静,赵芳红.塔式太阳能热能发电技术[C],第三届泛长三角能源科技论坛论文集,2006,22-31.
16.张耀明,刘德有,张文进,卞新高.塔式太阳能热发电系统研究进展[J],太阳能研究与利用,2004,35(4)：35-38.
17.陈夫进,赵明勤,赵廷林,李豪.太阳能集能器自动跟踪装置[J],实用技术,2006,1：30-32.
18.常江,王丛平,刘惠芬.一种新型的精密分度蜗轮副[J],沈阳工业大学学报,2002,24(5)：364-366.
19.卢红,张仲甫.平面包络环面蜗杆精度评价[J],机械,2002,29(4)：5-6.
20.齐麟,张亚雄等.蜗杆传动设计(下册)[M],北京：机械工业出版社,1987.
21.董学朱.环面蜗杆传动设计和修形[M],北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
22.HongCheng Yang, Guanghui Zhang, Datong Qing. Tooth contact analysis with generating surfaces [C], Proceeding of the International Conference on Mechanical Transmissions,2001,508-511.
23.张严钦.平面包络环面蜗杆传动设计计算及其软件开发[D],重庆：重庆大学,2006.
24.胡萍,关浩,于云满,张敏.纯滚动平面一次包络环面蜗杆机构[J],1994,28-29.
25.杨朝丽.平面二次包络环面蜗杆传动的运动分析与模糊优化研究[D],昆明：昆明理工大学,2001.
26.Daizhong Su, Datong Qin. Integration of numerical analysis, virtual simulation and finite element analysis for the optimum design of worm gearing [J], Materials Processing Technology,2003,138(1):429-435.
27.谭昕.平面二次包络环面蜗杆副数字化造型理论及仿真研究[D],武汉：武汉理工大学,2003.
28.韦康南.平面二次包络环面蜗杆传动设计与评价研究[D],福州：福州大学,2004.
29.郑洪伟.侧隙可调式变齿厚平面蜗轮包络环面蜗杆传动在电梯曳引机上的应用[D],重庆：重庆大学,2005.
30.祝熙俊,张光辉,林腾蛟.变齿厚平面蜗轮传动的弯曲应力分析[J],重庆大学学报,2005,28(9)：5-8.
31.徐戊矫,秦大同,石万凯.实际工况下的包络环面蜗杆设计参数优化[J],重庆大学学报,2004,27(4)：24-26.
32.张太萍.准平面二次包络环面蜗杆传动的参数优化设计研究[D],重庆：重庆大学,2007.
33. H. Winter, H.Vojacek. Influence of Molecular Structure on the Traction Characteristics of Lubrication Fluids [J], The International Symposium on GEARING and POWER TRANSMISSIONS,1981,1:357-363.
34.王本生.斜齿平面蜗轮副的使用与维护[J],矿山机械,1999：77-79.
35.孙江,袁惠群,李凝华.平面一次包络环面蜗杆传动母平面倾角的分析[J],机械设计与制造,1997,6：22-23.
36.孙江,袁惠群,杨李色.平面一次包络环面蜗杆传动的啮合状态分析[J],黄金学报,1999,1(3)：208-212.
37.汪久根,朱聘和.蜗杆传动的润滑分析[J],润滑于密封,2005,(1)：3-4.
38.秦东晨,陈江义,胡滨生,王丽霞.机械结构优化设计的综述与展望[J],中国科技信息,2005,9：90-91.
39.邓晓红.蜗杆传动的优化设计[J],淮海工学院学报,2005,14(4)：21-23.
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