一种新型的太阳能光伏发电控制系统的研究
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摘要
随着世界能源紧缺问题的日益严峻,太阳能作为国际公认的理想替代能源得到了越来越广泛的应用。但是太阳能发电系统普遍存在着太阳能光线吸收效率低、同等外界条件下光伏电池发电效率不能达到最大等问题,造成了太阳能资源以及太阳能发电设备的浪费。本文从上述的两个问题出发,提出了一种新型的太阳能光伏发电控制系统,从提高太阳光线的接收效率和光伏电池的输出功率两个方面来改善太阳能发电系统的工作效率。
本文从太阳的对地运行规律出发,根据太阳光线的入射角度时刻变化的情况,提出了以光电检测跟踪方式,在俯仰-水平两个方向同时对太阳光线进行跟踪,使光伏电池板保持与太阳光线保持垂直,提高了光伏电池板的太阳光线接受效率。执行元件选择了两台三相混合式步进电动机,并针对其在传统的驱动方式下出现的低频振荡和噪声等问题,提出了均匀细分恒转矩控制方案,采用正弦波细分和电流跟踪型脉宽调制(SPWM)技术实现三相混合式步进电动机的细分控制。双轴跟踪和步进电机控制单元都以DSP(1) TMS320LF2407A为核心处理器,取得了良好的控制效果。
在光伏发电系统中,光伏电池阵列输出特性具有非线性特征,而且其输出特性受光照强度、环境温度和负载情况影响。本文从最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)的基本原理和数学模型出发,分析了提高光伏电池输出功率的基本方法,提出了使用Cuk升降压电路来控制光伏系统的工作电压点,采用恒电压控制法(CVT)启动的变步长导纳增量法实现最大功率跟踪。系统以DSP(2) TMS320LF2407A为核心,完成了MPPT的相关运算,利用PWM波控制Cuk电路的开光管导通与关断,进而控制主电路电压。并采用MATLAB7.1进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明当日照环境发生变化时光伏电池的输出功率以及系统的响应速度和稳定性都得到了很大的提高,例如光伏电池被云层遮蔽的过程以及光照恢复时,系统均快速追踪到最大功率点,光伏电池以最大功率输出。
As the worldwide energy shortage problem becoming increasing serious, solar as the ideal alternative energy recognized internationally is being used more and more widely. But the general solar system exists the low efficiency of solar light absorption and solar cell power in the same external environment, and the two problems results the waste of the solar resource and the solar power device. So a novel solar photovoltaic power control system was presented in this dissertation, which improved the working efficiency of the solar power system by improving the solar light absorption and the output of the solar cell.
From the sun trajectory from the running regulation of the sun to the earth, a tracking method the photoelectric tracking method was proposed in this dissertation according to the varying at all times of incident angle of solar light. The method tracking the sun rays in both pitch-level directions, to keep solar panels perpendicular with the sun rays. It proposed the solar rays absorption of the solar panels. Two three-phase hybrid stepper motors were selected as the implementation components. And according to the problems of the low-frequency oscillation and noise, this article proposed uniform subdivision and constant torque control method, using sine wave subdivision circuit tracking pulse-width modulation to implement the subdivision control of the three-phase hybrid stepper motor. DSP(1) TMS320LF2407A were both used in dual-axis tracking unit and stepper motor control unit, and the system has achieved good control effect.
In the solar power system, the output characteristic of solar cells is non-line, and it is easily interrupted by light intensity, environment temperature and load effects. Coming from the basic principles and mathematical models of the maximum power point tracking(MPPT), the article analysis the basic methods to output power of the solar cell. And proposed using the Cuk circuit to control the working voltage point of the solar system, and using the variable step-size admittance increment method started by CVT to implement the maximum power point tracking. Using DSP(2) TMS320LF2407A as the core processor to complete the calculating of MPPT, the system used the PWM wave to control the turning on and turning off of the switch of Cuk circuit, and further controlling the voltage of the main circuit. Simulation results have showed the output power and respond speed and stability of the system have been improved greatly. For example, when solar cells were obscured by clouds and sun light recovered, the process tracked the maximum power point fast, and the solar cells putout by maximum power tracking.
本文从太阳的对地运行规律出发,根据太阳光线的入射角度时刻变化的情况,提出了以光电检测跟踪方式,在俯仰-水平两个方向同时对太阳光线进行跟踪,使光伏电池板保持与太阳光线保持垂直,提高了光伏电池板的太阳光线接受效率。执行元件选择了两台三相混合式步进电动机,并针对其在传统的驱动方式下出现的低频振荡和噪声等问题,提出了均匀细分恒转矩控制方案,采用正弦波细分和电流跟踪型脉宽调制(SPWM)技术实现三相混合式步进电动机的细分控制。双轴跟踪和步进电机控制单元都以DSP(1) TMS320LF2407A为核心处理器,取得了良好的控制效果。
在光伏发电系统中,光伏电池阵列输出特性具有非线性特征,而且其输出特性受光照强度、环境温度和负载情况影响。本文从最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)的基本原理和数学模型出发,分析了提高光伏电池输出功率的基本方法,提出了使用Cuk升降压电路来控制光伏系统的工作电压点,采用恒电压控制法(CVT)启动的变步长导纳增量法实现最大功率跟踪。系统以DSP(2) TMS320LF2407A为核心,完成了MPPT的相关运算,利用PWM波控制Cuk电路的开光管导通与关断,进而控制主电路电压。并采用MATLAB7.1进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明当日照环境发生变化时光伏电池的输出功率以及系统的响应速度和稳定性都得到了很大的提高,例如光伏电池被云层遮蔽的过程以及光照恢复时,系统均快速追踪到最大功率点,光伏电池以最大功率输出。
As the worldwide energy shortage problem becoming increasing serious, solar as the ideal alternative energy recognized internationally is being used more and more widely. But the general solar system exists the low efficiency of solar light absorption and solar cell power in the same external environment, and the two problems results the waste of the solar resource and the solar power device. So a novel solar photovoltaic power control system was presented in this dissertation, which improved the working efficiency of the solar power system by improving the solar light absorption and the output of the solar cell.
From the sun trajectory from the running regulation of the sun to the earth, a tracking method the photoelectric tracking method was proposed in this dissertation according to the varying at all times of incident angle of solar light. The method tracking the sun rays in both pitch-level directions, to keep solar panels perpendicular with the sun rays. It proposed the solar rays absorption of the solar panels. Two three-phase hybrid stepper motors were selected as the implementation components. And according to the problems of the low-frequency oscillation and noise, this article proposed uniform subdivision and constant torque control method, using sine wave subdivision circuit tracking pulse-width modulation to implement the subdivision control of the three-phase hybrid stepper motor. DSP(1) TMS320LF2407A were both used in dual-axis tracking unit and stepper motor control unit, and the system has achieved good control effect.
In the solar power system, the output characteristic of solar cells is non-line, and it is easily interrupted by light intensity, environment temperature and load effects. Coming from the basic principles and mathematical models of the maximum power point tracking(MPPT), the article analysis the basic methods to output power of the solar cell. And proposed using the Cuk circuit to control the working voltage point of the solar system, and using the variable step-size admittance increment method started by CVT to implement the maximum power point tracking. Using DSP(2) TMS320LF2407A as the core processor to complete the calculating of MPPT, the system used the PWM wave to control the turning on and turning off of the switch of Cuk circuit, and further controlling the voltage of the main circuit. Simulation results have showed the output power and respond speed and stability of the system have been improved greatly. For example, when solar cells were obscured by clouds and sun light recovered, the process tracked the maximum power point fast, and the solar cells putout by maximum power tracking.
引文
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[2]罗运俊,何梓年,王长贵.太阳能利用技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005:6-7.
[3]德国太阳能发电最多的国家.广西电力建设科技信息.2004,(4):51-52.
[4]沈辉,曾祖勤.太阳能光伏发电技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004:20-22.
[5]姚伟.太阳能利用与可持续发展[J].中国能源,2005,11(2):7-9.
[6]张宝星.太阳能利用的跟踪与聚焦系统研究[D].安徽:合肥工业大学,2006:56-57.
[7]徐文灿.太阳能自动追踪系统的探索与试验[J].物理试验.2002,23(9):45-48.
[8]刘四洋,伍春生,彭燕昌等.主动式双轴太阳跟踪控制器[J].可再生能源,2007,25(6):69-72.
[9]窦伟,许洪华,李晶.跟踪式光伏发电系统研究[J].太阳能学报,2007,28(2):169-173.
[10]韩云涛.二自由度气-电伺服转台控制系统研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006:89-91.
[11]伍春生,刘四洋,彭燕昌等.基于PLC16F877A自动太阳跟踪器的设计[J].现代电子技术,2007,20(3):147-153.
[12]孙茵茵.自适应复精度太阳跟踪平台[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2005:3-5.
[13]王炳忠,汤洁.几种太阳位置计算方法的比较研究[J].太阳能学报.2001,22(4):413-417.
[14]侯长来.一种太阳能自动跟踪装置的设计[J].现代机械.2005(1):66-68.
[15]孙茵茵,鲍剑斌,王凡.太阳自动跟踪器的研究[J].机械设计与制造,2005,22(7):157-159.
[16] A.Kalogi rouand Y.Tri Panagnos to Poulos Industrial aPPlieation of PV solar energy systems[J],APPlied Thermal Engineering,2007,27(9) :1259-1270.
[17]韩延民.太阳能高倍聚光能量传输利用理论及试验研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2007:4-6.
[18]陈厚岩,许洪华.3kW光伏并网逆变器[J],可再生能源,2005,33 (3):8~10.
[19] Bakos,George C.Design and construction of a two-axis Sun tracking system for parabolic trough collector(PTC)efficiency improvement[J].Renewable Energy,2006,31(15):2411-2421.
[20]张纯良,张振鹏,魏志明.太阳能火箭发动机聚光器设计方法[J].航空动力学报,2004,19(4):557~561.
[21] P.Roth , A.Georgiev , H.Boudinov.Cheap two axis sun following device[J].Energy Conversion and Management.2005,46(8):179–1192.
[22]李翔.基于硅光电池的光电自动跟踪系统的实现[J].湘潭师范学院学报(自然科学版),2006,28(4):51-54.
[23]张超,王章权,蒋燕君等.无差拍控制在光伏并网发电系统中的应用[J].电力电子技术.2007,41(7):3~5.
[24]吴理博.光伏并网逆变系统综合控制策略研究及实现[D].北京:清华大学图书馆,2006:23-25.
[25]吴理博,赵争鸣,刘建政,王健,刘树,单级式光伏并网逆变系统中的最大功率点跟踪算法稳定性研究[J],中国电机工程学报,2006, 26 (6):73~76.
[26]郑诗程,丁明,苏建徽等.光伏发电系统及其孤岛效应的仿真与实验研究[J].系统仿真学报,2005,17(12):385-388.
[27] Youngseok Jung,Jaeho Choi,Byunggyu Yu,et al.Optimal Design of Active Anti-islanding Method Using Digital PLL for Grid-connected Inverters.Power Electronics Specialists Conference[C],2006.PESC'06.37th IEEE Publication Date:18-22 June 2006.
[28] S.N. Vukosavic,E. Levi. Robust DSP-Based Efficiency Optimization of a Variable Speed Induction Motor Drive[J]. IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics,2003,50(3):560-570.
[29]周光明,朱正菲,谢佶隽.基于DSP的光伏并网系统的设计[J],能源工程,2004,23( 5):19~23.
[30] Zhihong Ye , Yu Zhang.Evaluation of anti-islanding schemes based on nondetection zone concept[J].IEEE Trans.Power electronics,2004,19(5):1171-1176.
[31] Nicola Femia,Giovanni Petrone,Giovanni Spagnuolo et al.Optimization of Perturband Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2005,20(4):963-9733.
[32]王炳忠.太阳能中天文参数的计算[J].电工电能新技术,2007,25(3): 8-10.
[33]胡贤龙,周世椿.几种四象限探测器测角算法的分析研究[J].激光与红外,2007,37(6):546~551.
[34]史敬灼.步进电动机伺服控制技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:1-56.
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