实现太阳能烟囱经济综合利用海水的系统性研究
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摘要
针对太阳能烟囱系统的特点和不足,考虑目前太阳能海水淡化系统的技术发展趋势,本论文提出了太阳能烟囱海水综合利用系统。温室技术和烟囱技术被用于强化太阳能海水蒸发过程,通过冷凝途径获取饱和热空气中的蒸发水分,冷凝余热或冷凝淡水用于风力或水力发电。
论文首先对综合系统的技术和经济可行性进行了理论估算。其次,利用新型集热棚模拟考察了综合系统的集热性能,结合理论分析为系统设计提供上下限数据。随后加入空气主体流动和水分蒸发,建立太阳能烟囱强化蒸发系统,考察烟囱基部空气的温升和饱和度;对比建立不同储热材料和不同规模的系统考察提高空气温度的途径,对比多孔材料的加入、种类、方式和多少考察提高空气饱和度的途径。针对不同实验系统首先进行了简单的建模分析,其次为寻求系统放大的根本理论依据,采用计算流体力学对系统内部微观的流体流动、传热和传质过程进行模拟研究。在获取高温饱和空气后,建立直接和间壁冷凝实验系统冷凝收集水分,并进行了理论分析。
系统性能分析结果表明间壁冷凝风电综合系统同时具有技术和经济可行性。实验研究和理论分析结果给出,新型集热棚内外温差可达到40oC,夜晚仍可保持10 oC温差,加入空气主体流动和水分蒸发后,系统温升逐步下降;不同的储热材料、蒸发条件和系统规模使得系统温升性能有所不同;多孔材料的加入是获取饱和空气的有效途径,但也存在材料、多少、放置方式等方面的优化。随着瞬态气候条件的逐步引入,计算流体力学的数值模拟结果与实验数据间的吻合程度也逐步提高。饱和湿热空气中含有大量的不凝性气体,这部分气体成为水蒸气冷凝过程中的主要传质和传热阻力。相信本论文的研究将为太阳能烟囱海水综合利用系统的具体实施提供实验和理论基础,为经济规模化的太阳能技术利用找到一条有效的路径。
Aiming at eliminating the shortages of solar chimney, solar desalination andenvironmental requirement being considered, combined systems utilizing seawater bysolar chimney technology were put forward. Solar greenhouse technology andchimney technology were used for enhancing water evaporation. Evaporated waterwas condensed through heat transferring and was collected as freshwater. Remainingcondensation heat or condensed water was respectively applied for wind power orhydraulic power generation.
Preliminary theoretical analyses were firstly introduced to evaluate thefeasibilities of technology and economy. A large scale greenhouse of new materialswas set up and theoretically predicted to provide basic design data for combinedsystem without evaporation. Bulk air flow and evaporation being added, enhancedevaporation system using solar chimney technology was put up to investigate the airtemperature and saturation status. Compared systems of different heat storage style,different scale were established for finding the way to higher air temperature. Porousmaterials were added and optimized on its kinds, placed ways and amounts to higherair saturation status. Simple models were firstly established to analyze experimentaldata, while for the basic magnification rule, CFD method was used to detect themicroscopic mechanism of fluid flow, mass and heat transfer in different system.Condensation systems through indirect or direct heat exchanging ways were put uppartially for verifying related evaluated performance of combined system and partiallyfor detect heat transferring mechanism for system magnification.
Performance evaluation results indicate that this combination way producefeasibilities of technology and economy simultaneously. High temperature differenceand heat storage performance in the large scale sealed greenhouse guarantee thereasonability of previous evaluation. It is revealed that with bulk air flow andevaporation added, air temperature decreases step by step. Also, experimental dataand analysis results show that different style or scale systems have differentheat-collector performance. It is also indicated that addition of porous materials canmake air saturated, but there is optimization on its material, amount and placementstyle. With transient data introduced, predicted results from CFD agree better withexperimental data. Large amount of non-condensable gases in saturated air is the main
resistance to heat or mass transfer during condensation. Simple models weredeveloped to analyze the specific mechanism through two different aspects.Attenuation factor or diffusion speed of vapor molecule was introduced tocharacterize the influence of non-condensable gases. It is believed that experimental,theoretical or simulated results in this paper will provide basic data or act as referencefor future large scale combined system. The application of this style combined systemwill blaze a way in realizing economical utilization of solar energy.
论文首先对综合系统的技术和经济可行性进行了理论估算。其次,利用新型集热棚模拟考察了综合系统的集热性能,结合理论分析为系统设计提供上下限数据。随后加入空气主体流动和水分蒸发,建立太阳能烟囱强化蒸发系统,考察烟囱基部空气的温升和饱和度;对比建立不同储热材料和不同规模的系统考察提高空气温度的途径,对比多孔材料的加入、种类、方式和多少考察提高空气饱和度的途径。针对不同实验系统首先进行了简单的建模分析,其次为寻求系统放大的根本理论依据,采用计算流体力学对系统内部微观的流体流动、传热和传质过程进行模拟研究。在获取高温饱和空气后,建立直接和间壁冷凝实验系统冷凝收集水分,并进行了理论分析。
系统性能分析结果表明间壁冷凝风电综合系统同时具有技术和经济可行性。实验研究和理论分析结果给出,新型集热棚内外温差可达到40oC,夜晚仍可保持10 oC温差,加入空气主体流动和水分蒸发后,系统温升逐步下降;不同的储热材料、蒸发条件和系统规模使得系统温升性能有所不同;多孔材料的加入是获取饱和空气的有效途径,但也存在材料、多少、放置方式等方面的优化。随着瞬态气候条件的逐步引入,计算流体力学的数值模拟结果与实验数据间的吻合程度也逐步提高。饱和湿热空气中含有大量的不凝性气体,这部分气体成为水蒸气冷凝过程中的主要传质和传热阻力。相信本论文的研究将为太阳能烟囱海水综合利用系统的具体实施提供实验和理论基础,为经济规模化的太阳能技术利用找到一条有效的路径。
Aiming at eliminating the shortages of solar chimney, solar desalination andenvironmental requirement being considered, combined systems utilizing seawater bysolar chimney technology were put forward. Solar greenhouse technology andchimney technology were used for enhancing water evaporation. Evaporated waterwas condensed through heat transferring and was collected as freshwater. Remainingcondensation heat or condensed water was respectively applied for wind power orhydraulic power generation.
Preliminary theoretical analyses were firstly introduced to evaluate thefeasibilities of technology and economy. A large scale greenhouse of new materialswas set up and theoretically predicted to provide basic design data for combinedsystem without evaporation. Bulk air flow and evaporation being added, enhancedevaporation system using solar chimney technology was put up to investigate the airtemperature and saturation status. Compared systems of different heat storage style,different scale were established for finding the way to higher air temperature. Porousmaterials were added and optimized on its kinds, placed ways and amounts to higherair saturation status. Simple models were firstly established to analyze experimentaldata, while for the basic magnification rule, CFD method was used to detect themicroscopic mechanism of fluid flow, mass and heat transfer in different system.Condensation systems through indirect or direct heat exchanging ways were put uppartially for verifying related evaluated performance of combined system and partiallyfor detect heat transferring mechanism for system magnification.
Performance evaluation results indicate that this combination way producefeasibilities of technology and economy simultaneously. High temperature differenceand heat storage performance in the large scale sealed greenhouse guarantee thereasonability of previous evaluation. It is revealed that with bulk air flow andevaporation added, air temperature decreases step by step. Also, experimental dataand analysis results show that different style or scale systems have differentheat-collector performance. It is also indicated that addition of porous materials canmake air saturated, but there is optimization on its material, amount and placementstyle. With transient data introduced, predicted results from CFD agree better withexperimental data. Large amount of non-condensable gases in saturated air is the main
resistance to heat or mass transfer during condensation. Simple models weredeveloped to analyze the specific mechanism through two different aspects.Attenuation factor or diffusion speed of vapor molecule was introduced tocharacterize the influence of non-condensable gases. It is believed that experimental,theoretical or simulated results in this paper will provide basic data or act as referencefor future large scale combined system. The application of this style combined systemwill blaze a way in realizing economical utilization of solar energy.
引文
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