地震作用下高速列车—轨道—桥梁耦合振动及行车安全性分析
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摘要
桥梁是铁路的重要基础设施之一,也是铁路建设的关键技术。随着中国高速铁路的大规模发展,桥梁在高速铁路中所占比例大幅度提高,地震发生时,高速列车运行于桥上的几率增大。高速行车条件下,车轨桥系统的动力作用突出,加上中国地震活动的频度高、强度大、震源浅、分布广,车辆在地震作用下发生桥上脱轨和倾覆的可能性大大增加,地震对桥上高速列车的行车安全性产生了严重的威胁。因此,为保证高速铁路的安全运营,建立和完善高速铁路地震预警系统,开展地震作用下的高速列车—轨道—桥梁系统耦合振动研究和行车安全性评价是十分必要的。
本文从桥梁抗震和铁路大系统动力学的角度出发,结合列车—轨道—桥梁动力学联合攻关研究组的相关研究成果,建立了地震作用下高速列车—轨道—桥梁耦合振动分析模型,编制了计算分析软件,并将其应用于地震作用下高速列车—轨道—桥梁相互作用系统的动力响应特征、影响因素和影响规律分析以及列车过桥安全性分析和评价等方面,为高速铁路桥梁的抗震设计及运营列车的地震预警系统设计提供理论依据。
首先依据列车—轨道—桥梁耦合系统动力学建模思路与原则,分别建立了机车车辆、轨道结构及桥梁结构的振动分析模型,并详细给出各子系统的振动微分方程。车辆针对四轴高速车辆建模,共包含35个自由度,详细考虑车辆的非线性环节；轨道分别针对双块式无砟轨道、单元板式无砟轨道和有砟轨道进行建模；桥梁结构采用有限元方法建模,包含空间梁单元、板壳单元等常用单元类型。在耦合振动模型中,依据地震作用下列车—轨道—桥梁动态相互作用原理,考虑完善的轮轨相互作用关系桥轨相互作用关系,将车辆、轨道和桥梁子系统耦合起来,将地震荷载视为系统的外部激励,采用加速度输入模式将地震荷载直接施加于桥墩底部的支承点处,并通过影响矩阵作用于桥跨结构,然后借助于轮轨相互作用关系和桥轨相互作用关系影响整个耦合系统的振动。
然后,针对地震作用下高速列车—轨道—桥梁系统相互作用的特点,选用显隐式混合积分的模式,编制了地震作用下的车轨桥计算分析软件VTBDYNA,并利用商用软件SIMPACK对VTBDYNA进行了分析对比,借助于京津城际高速铁路和武广高速铁路现场试验结果验证了计算软件的可靠性和有效性。
在此基础上,详细描述了一致地震作用下,高速列车—轨道—桥梁相互作用系统的动力响应特征,对比分析了行车速度、轨道不平顺激励、地震强度、地震幅频特性、桥梁结构类型等多个因素对耦合系统动力响应的影响规律,并重点从轮轨相互作用关系和桥轨相互作用关系来解释这些变化规律。
最后,针对高速铁路大跨度连续桥梁,应用VTBDYNA着重分析了非一致地震作用下高速列车—轨道—大跨度桥梁相互作用系统的动力响应,讨论了地震强度、场地类型和行波效应的影响,并对列车高速过桥的安全性进行了分析和评估,结合文中计算工况,探讨了相应的安全限值。
The bridge is one of the important infrastructure and also one of the key technologies for railway construction. With the great development of high-speed railway, the proportion of bridges to the whole high-speed railway is improved on a large scale. The chance of running on the bridge for the high-speed train is increased when the earthquake occurs. When the train runs in a high speed, the dynamic action of the wheel/rail system and the bridge/track system is anabatic. Additionally, China is a country seriously affected by earthquake disasters with high-frequency seismic activity, intensity, light source and widely distributed. The possibility of derailment and overturning of vehicles coming up on the bridge has been greatly improved in the earthquake, and the earthquake poses a threat to the running safety of high-speed train on the bridge. Therefore, in order to establish and perfect the high-speed railway earthquake early warning system, and ensure the safe operation of high-speed railway, it is very necessary to carry out the research on the high-speed train-track-bridge system coupled vibration and traffic safety assessment under seismic excitations.
In this dissertation, based on the bridge seismic theory and the dynamics throry of the whole railway system, combined with the related research achievements from the research team of the train-track-bridge coupled dynamics, the dynamic model of the high-speed train-track-bridge coupled system subjected to earthquakes is established. The corresponding analysis program is developed. The dynamic response characteristic of the high-speed train-track-bridge coupled system subjected to earthquakes is reasearched, the influence factors and the effects are summed up, and the running safety of train is analysed and evaluated. These research works provide a theory basis for the high-speed railway bridge seismic design and the earthquake early warning system design.
Firstly, according to the dynamic modeling ideas and principles of train-track-bridge coupled system, the dynamic modles of vehicle, track and bridge are established respectively with the vibration differential equations. The four-axle vehicle dynamics model of the high-speed railway is set up with35degrees of freedom and the non-linear factors in vehicle suspension system are fully considered. The dynamics modles of the bi-block ballastless track, the discontinuous slab ballastless track and the track ballast track are also established. The bridge structure is modled by finite element method including space beam element, plate shell element et al. In the coupled model, based on the dynamic interaction principles of the train-track-bridge coupled system subjected to earquakes, the trains, tracks and bridges are regarded as a whole system, the wheel-rail interaction and the bridge-track interaction are regarded as relation and fully considered, the earthquake loads are treated as the external excitations and the acceleration input mode is adopted, the earthquake loads are directly be forced at the bottom of the bridge supporting points and its effect on bridge structure is produced by influence matrix, and then with the help of the wheel-rail interaction and the bridge-track interaction the dynamic responses of the whole coupled system are affected.
Then, according to the interaction characteristics of the high-speed train-track-bridge coupled system subjected to earquakes, the mixed explicit implicit parallel algorithm for dynamic integration is adopt and the software VTBDYNA is developed. The theoretical result from VTBDYNA is validated by the SIMPACK software and the reliability and effectiveness of the software VTBDYNA is validated by comparing the calculation results with the field test results in Beijing-Tianjing intercity railway line and Wuhan-guangzhou high-speed railway line respectively.
On this basis, a careful analysis of the dynamic response characteristics of the high-speed train-track-bridge coupled system subjected to uniform earthquakes is carried on. The influence laws of dynamic responses caused by many factors, including the speed, track irregularity excitation, earthquake intensity, seismic amplitude and frequency characteristics, and bridge structure type, are researched. These regularities are explained on the basis of the wheel-rail interaction and bridge-track interaction emphatically.
Finally, focusing on the long-span continuous bridges in high-speed railway, by using the program VTBDYNA, the analysises of dynamic responses of the high-speed train-track-long-span bridge coupled system subjected to non-uniform earthquakes are worked out. The effects of the earthquake intensity, site type and traveling wave effect on the responses are discussed, and then the running safety is evaluated. At last, combined with the design conditions in this dissertation, the corresponding security domain is disscussed.
本文从桥梁抗震和铁路大系统动力学的角度出发,结合列车—轨道—桥梁动力学联合攻关研究组的相关研究成果,建立了地震作用下高速列车—轨道—桥梁耦合振动分析模型,编制了计算分析软件,并将其应用于地震作用下高速列车—轨道—桥梁相互作用系统的动力响应特征、影响因素和影响规律分析以及列车过桥安全性分析和评价等方面,为高速铁路桥梁的抗震设计及运营列车的地震预警系统设计提供理论依据。
首先依据列车—轨道—桥梁耦合系统动力学建模思路与原则,分别建立了机车车辆、轨道结构及桥梁结构的振动分析模型,并详细给出各子系统的振动微分方程。车辆针对四轴高速车辆建模,共包含35个自由度,详细考虑车辆的非线性环节；轨道分别针对双块式无砟轨道、单元板式无砟轨道和有砟轨道进行建模；桥梁结构采用有限元方法建模,包含空间梁单元、板壳单元等常用单元类型。在耦合振动模型中,依据地震作用下列车—轨道—桥梁动态相互作用原理,考虑完善的轮轨相互作用关系桥轨相互作用关系,将车辆、轨道和桥梁子系统耦合起来,将地震荷载视为系统的外部激励,采用加速度输入模式将地震荷载直接施加于桥墩底部的支承点处,并通过影响矩阵作用于桥跨结构,然后借助于轮轨相互作用关系和桥轨相互作用关系影响整个耦合系统的振动。
然后,针对地震作用下高速列车—轨道—桥梁系统相互作用的特点,选用显隐式混合积分的模式,编制了地震作用下的车轨桥计算分析软件VTBDYNA,并利用商用软件SIMPACK对VTBDYNA进行了分析对比,借助于京津城际高速铁路和武广高速铁路现场试验结果验证了计算软件的可靠性和有效性。
在此基础上,详细描述了一致地震作用下,高速列车—轨道—桥梁相互作用系统的动力响应特征,对比分析了行车速度、轨道不平顺激励、地震强度、地震幅频特性、桥梁结构类型等多个因素对耦合系统动力响应的影响规律,并重点从轮轨相互作用关系和桥轨相互作用关系来解释这些变化规律。
最后,针对高速铁路大跨度连续桥梁,应用VTBDYNA着重分析了非一致地震作用下高速列车—轨道—大跨度桥梁相互作用系统的动力响应,讨论了地震强度、场地类型和行波效应的影响,并对列车高速过桥的安全性进行了分析和评估,结合文中计算工况,探讨了相应的安全限值。
The bridge is one of the important infrastructure and also one of the key technologies for railway construction. With the great development of high-speed railway, the proportion of bridges to the whole high-speed railway is improved on a large scale. The chance of running on the bridge for the high-speed train is increased when the earthquake occurs. When the train runs in a high speed, the dynamic action of the wheel/rail system and the bridge/track system is anabatic. Additionally, China is a country seriously affected by earthquake disasters with high-frequency seismic activity, intensity, light source and widely distributed. The possibility of derailment and overturning of vehicles coming up on the bridge has been greatly improved in the earthquake, and the earthquake poses a threat to the running safety of high-speed train on the bridge. Therefore, in order to establish and perfect the high-speed railway earthquake early warning system, and ensure the safe operation of high-speed railway, it is very necessary to carry out the research on the high-speed train-track-bridge system coupled vibration and traffic safety assessment under seismic excitations.
In this dissertation, based on the bridge seismic theory and the dynamics throry of the whole railway system, combined with the related research achievements from the research team of the train-track-bridge coupled dynamics, the dynamic model of the high-speed train-track-bridge coupled system subjected to earthquakes is established. The corresponding analysis program is developed. The dynamic response characteristic of the high-speed train-track-bridge coupled system subjected to earthquakes is reasearched, the influence factors and the effects are summed up, and the running safety of train is analysed and evaluated. These research works provide a theory basis for the high-speed railway bridge seismic design and the earthquake early warning system design.
Firstly, according to the dynamic modeling ideas and principles of train-track-bridge coupled system, the dynamic modles of vehicle, track and bridge are established respectively with the vibration differential equations. The four-axle vehicle dynamics model of the high-speed railway is set up with35degrees of freedom and the non-linear factors in vehicle suspension system are fully considered. The dynamics modles of the bi-block ballastless track, the discontinuous slab ballastless track and the track ballast track are also established. The bridge structure is modled by finite element method including space beam element, plate shell element et al. In the coupled model, based on the dynamic interaction principles of the train-track-bridge coupled system subjected to earquakes, the trains, tracks and bridges are regarded as a whole system, the wheel-rail interaction and the bridge-track interaction are regarded as relation and fully considered, the earthquake loads are treated as the external excitations and the acceleration input mode is adopted, the earthquake loads are directly be forced at the bottom of the bridge supporting points and its effect on bridge structure is produced by influence matrix, and then with the help of the wheel-rail interaction and the bridge-track interaction the dynamic responses of the whole coupled system are affected.
Then, according to the interaction characteristics of the high-speed train-track-bridge coupled system subjected to earquakes, the mixed explicit implicit parallel algorithm for dynamic integration is adopt and the software VTBDYNA is developed. The theoretical result from VTBDYNA is validated by the SIMPACK software and the reliability and effectiveness of the software VTBDYNA is validated by comparing the calculation results with the field test results in Beijing-Tianjing intercity railway line and Wuhan-guangzhou high-speed railway line respectively.
On this basis, a careful analysis of the dynamic response characteristics of the high-speed train-track-bridge coupled system subjected to uniform earthquakes is carried on. The influence laws of dynamic responses caused by many factors, including the speed, track irregularity excitation, earthquake intensity, seismic amplitude and frequency characteristics, and bridge structure type, are researched. These regularities are explained on the basis of the wheel-rail interaction and bridge-track interaction emphatically.
Finally, focusing on the long-span continuous bridges in high-speed railway, by using the program VTBDYNA, the analysises of dynamic responses of the high-speed train-track-long-span bridge coupled system subjected to non-uniform earthquakes are worked out. The effects of the earthquake intensity, site type and traveling wave effect on the responses are discussed, and then the running safety is evaluated. At last, combined with the design conditions in this dissertation, the corresponding security domain is disscussed.
引文
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