西芹根物质对黄瓜枯萎病菌化感作用、机理及田间化感作用的研究
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摘要
本试验研究了西芹鲜根及根际区物的蒸馏水、丙酮和乙醇浸提液在培养基条件下对黄瓜枯萎病菌的化感作用及其机理；并在黄瓜第一真叶横宽5cm时，使用西芹鲜根及根际区物的蒸馏水、丙酮和乙醇浸提液对黄瓜植株进行化感处理（灌根），研究了西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液对黄瓜枯萎病菌的化感作用机理；同时研究西芹根物质对黄瓜枯萎病菌的田间化感作用，结果如下：
1.西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液对黄瓜枯萎病菌化感作用的研究
西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液对黄瓜枯萎病菌的生长具有化感抑制作用，浸提液处理后黄瓜枯萎病菌的菌落直径均低于各对照，并表现出极强的化感抑制效果，其中鲜根丙酮浸提液处理的菌落直径最小，化感效果最强，表现出极强的化感抑制作用。
2.西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液对黄瓜枯萎病菌化感作用机理的研究
黄瓜枯萎病菌经西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液处理后，其分泌的细胞壁降解酶（果胶酶、纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶）活性、菌体中抗氧化物酶（SOD、POD和CAT）活性和镰刀菌酸含量均低于各对照，其中鲜根丙酮浸提液处理均最小，分别较丙酮对照下降43.87%、13.05、27.19%、49.85%、35.75%、42.74%、36.44%，且对于不同处理种类，丙酮浸提液处理的化感抑制效果最佳，西芹鲜根浸提液处理的化感抑制效果强于西芹根际区物处理。
3.西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液对黄瓜植株化感作用机理的研究
（1）西芹根物质浸提液处理可以影响黄瓜叶片内氮代谢。经浸提液处理后黄瓜叶片内可溶性蛋白、丝氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸、氨、硝酸还原酶含量均高于对照，与黄瓜枯萎病的发病率呈负相关，鲜根丙酮浸提液处理均最高，达到峰值时，分别较丙酮对照增加了10.58%、6.54%、3.10%、9.64%、18.30%和7.79%；甘氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、硝酸盐含量均低于对照，与黄瓜枯萎病的发病率呈正相关，甘氨酸、苯丙氨酸和硝酸盐含量最低处理为鲜根丙酮浸提液处理，含量最低时，分别较丙酮对照降低了3.41%、1.42%和7.52%，蛋氨酸含量最低处理为鲜根乙醇浸提液处理，含量最低时，较乙醇对照降低了21.65%。
（2）西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液处理可以影响黄瓜叶片内酚类物质代谢。经浸提液处理后黄瓜叶片内酚类物质含量和酚类物质代谢相关酶活性均高于对照，各酚类物质代谢指标与黄瓜枯萎病的发病率呈负相关，其中鲜根丙酮浸提液处理均最高，达到峰值时，分别较丙酮对照升高了10.01%、7.24%、6.79%、20.45%、34.87%、15.72%。
（3）西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液处理可以影响黄瓜叶片内抗氧化保护酶和细胞壁降解酶系统。经浸提液处理后黄瓜叶片内SOD、POD、几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性均高于对照，且这些酶活性与黄瓜枯萎病发病率呈负相关，酶活性最高处理均为鲜根丙酮浸提液处理，酶活性达到峰值时，分别较丙酮对照提高了22.46%、31.44%、13.30%、31.50%；羧甲基纤维素酶、吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性均低于对照，与黄瓜枯萎病发病率呈正相关，酶活性最低处理均为鲜根丙酮浸提液处理，酶活性最低时，分别较丙酮对照降低了8.24%、6.74%。
（4）西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液处理可以影响黄瓜叶片内糖含量。经浸提液处理后黄瓜叶片内还原糖、总糖含量均高于对照，两种糖含量均同黄瓜枯萎病发病率呈负相关，其中含量最高的处理为鲜根丙酮浸提液处理，含量达到峰值时，分别较丙酮对照增加了22.86%和22.63%。
（5）对于不同处理种类，丙酮浸提液处理变化最高，乙醇浸提液处理次之，蒸馏水浸提液处理变化最低；西芹鲜根浸提液处理的变化高于西芹根际区物处理。
4.西芹对黄瓜枯萎病菌田间化感作用的研究
（1）在无病土接种黄瓜枯萎病菌的条件下，使用西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液灌根、与西芹轮作、在培养土中施入西芹干根三种处理均可以显著降低黄瓜枯萎病的发病率和病情指数，并表现出极强的化感抑制效果，其中与西芹轮作处理的防病效果最佳，发病率为7.69%，病情指数为4.33%，化感抑制率为67.95%。
（2）在黄瓜连作条件下，使用西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液灌根、与西芹轮作、在培养土中施入西芹干根三种处理均可以显著降低黄瓜枯萎病的发病率和病情指数，表现出极强的化感抑制效果，其中与西芹轮作处理的防病效果最佳，发病率为5.63%，病情指数为3.87%，化感抑制率高达71.63%。
Under the condition of culture medium, treated with distilled water、acetone andethanol extracts of fresh celery root and root soil on Fusarium Oxysporium f.sp.Cucumerinum to study the allelopathy; treated with the extracts once the first leaf ofcucumber was5cm wide, to research the allelopathy mechanism on FusariumOxysporium f.sp. Cucumerinum; and research the field investigation of FusariumOxysporium f.sp. Cucumerinum treated with celery root, the results were as follows:
1. The study on the allelopathy of extracts of fresh celery root and root soil
After treating with the extracts of fresh celery root and root soil, theconcentrations were smaller than the control, the allelopathic effects were allpole-strength, the ethanol extract of root treatment was the smallest one, theallelopathic effects was the most pole-strength.
2. The study on the allelopathy mechanism of extracts of fresh celery root androot soil on Fusarium Oxysporium f.sp. Cucumerinum
The cell wall-degrading enzymes (pectinase、cellulase、β-glucosidase) activity、the intracellular protective enzyme (SOD、POD、CAT) activity、fusarium acid wereall lower than the control. The ethanol extract of root treatment was the lowest one，with the greatest declines of31.16%、43.87%、13.05、27.19%、49.85%、35.75%、42.74%、36.44%, respectively. For the different treatments, the best inhibition effectwhich were processed by the acetone extracts, the fresh root extracts were higher thanroot soil extracts distinctly.
3. The study on the allelopathy mechanism of extracts of fresh celery root androot soil on cucumber seedlings
(1) The nitrogen metabolites of the cucumber leaves were changed after treatwith the extracts of fresh celery root and root soil. After aqueous extracts treatment,contents of soluble protein、Arg、Pro、ammonia and NR were higher than that of thecontrast, and the acetone extract of root treatment was the highest one, with thehighest increases over the acetone control by10.58%、6.54%、3.10%、9.64%、18.30%and7.79%, there were negatively correlated between them with disease resistance;and the contents of Gly、Met、Phe and nitrate were lower than that of the contrast, for Gly、Phe and nitrate the acetone extract of root treatment was the lowest one, with thegreatest declines of3.41%、1.42%and7.52%, for Met the ethanol extract of roottreatment was the lowest one, with the lowest declines in the acetone controlby21.65%, there were positively correlated between them with disease resistance.
(2) The phenoics metabolites of the cucumber leaves were changed after treatwith the extracts of fresh celery root and root soil. After aqueous extracts treatment,contents of phenol content and the enzymes activities were higher than that of thecontrast, and the acetone extract of root treatment was the highest one, with thehighest increases over the acetone control by10.01%、7.24%、6.79%、20.45%、34.87%、15.72%, Phenoics metabolites indexes was negatively correlated with diseaseresistance.
(3) The defense enzymes and the cell wall-degrading enzymes activities of thecucumber leaves were changed after treat with the extracts of fresh celery root androot soil. After aqueous extracts treatment, activities of SOD、POD、chitinase、β-1,3-glucanase were higher than that of the contrast, the acetone extract of roottreatment was the highest one, with the highest increases over the acetone control by22.46%、31.44%、13.30%、31.50%, there were negatively correlated between themwith disease resistance; The activities of CX and IAAO were lower than that of thecontrast, the lowest treatment was acetone extract of root, with the greatest declines of8.24%、6.74%, the correlation analysis showed that CX and IAAO were positivelycorrelated with disease resistance.
(4) The sugar content of the cucumber leaves were changed after treat with theextracts of fresh celery root and root soil. After aqueous extracts treatment, thecontents of reducing sugar and soluble sugar were higher than that of the contrast, theacetone extract of root treatment was the highest one, with the greatest increases by22.86%and22.63%, the sugar content was negatively correlated with diseaseresistance.
(5) For the different treatments, the most significant effects were caused by theacetone extracts, and then the ethanol extracts, the last was by the distilled waterextracts; the fresh root extracts were higher than root soil extracts distinctly.
4. The study on the field investigation of Fusarium Oxysporium f.sp.Cucumerinum treated with celery
(1) Inoculation with Fusarium Oxysporium f.sp. Cucumerinum in the clear earth,Three treatment were established, treated with the extracts of fresh celery root and root soil、celery-cucumber was designed as crop rotation treatment and mixed withdried celery root, they could significantly reduce the disease incidence and diseaseindex, showed strong allelopathic inhibitory effect, with celery crop rotation effect isbest, the disease rate was7.69%, the disease index was4.33%, the inhibition rate was67.95%.
(2) Under the condition of continuous cropping, use the extracts of fresh celeryroot and root soil、crop rotation with celery and mixed with dried celery root, theycould significantly reduce the disease incidence and disease index cucumber, showedstrong allelopathic inhibitory effect, with celery crop rotation effect is best, thedisease rate was5.63%, the disease index was3.87%, the inhibition rate was71.63%
1.西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液对黄瓜枯萎病菌化感作用的研究
西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液对黄瓜枯萎病菌的生长具有化感抑制作用，浸提液处理后黄瓜枯萎病菌的菌落直径均低于各对照，并表现出极强的化感抑制效果，其中鲜根丙酮浸提液处理的菌落直径最小，化感效果最强，表现出极强的化感抑制作用。
2.西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液对黄瓜枯萎病菌化感作用机理的研究
黄瓜枯萎病菌经西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液处理后，其分泌的细胞壁降解酶（果胶酶、纤维素酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶）活性、菌体中抗氧化物酶（SOD、POD和CAT）活性和镰刀菌酸含量均低于各对照，其中鲜根丙酮浸提液处理均最小，分别较丙酮对照下降43.87%、13.05、27.19%、49.85%、35.75%、42.74%、36.44%，且对于不同处理种类，丙酮浸提液处理的化感抑制效果最佳，西芹鲜根浸提液处理的化感抑制效果强于西芹根际区物处理。
3.西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液对黄瓜植株化感作用机理的研究
（1）西芹根物质浸提液处理可以影响黄瓜叶片内氮代谢。经浸提液处理后黄瓜叶片内可溶性蛋白、丝氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸、氨、硝酸还原酶含量均高于对照，与黄瓜枯萎病的发病率呈负相关，鲜根丙酮浸提液处理均最高，达到峰值时，分别较丙酮对照增加了10.58%、6.54%、3.10%、9.64%、18.30%和7.79%；甘氨酸、蛋氨酸、苯丙氨酸、硝酸盐含量均低于对照，与黄瓜枯萎病的发病率呈正相关，甘氨酸、苯丙氨酸和硝酸盐含量最低处理为鲜根丙酮浸提液处理，含量最低时，分别较丙酮对照降低了3.41%、1.42%和7.52%，蛋氨酸含量最低处理为鲜根乙醇浸提液处理，含量最低时，较乙醇对照降低了21.65%。
（2）西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液处理可以影响黄瓜叶片内酚类物质代谢。经浸提液处理后黄瓜叶片内酚类物质含量和酚类物质代谢相关酶活性均高于对照，各酚类物质代谢指标与黄瓜枯萎病的发病率呈负相关，其中鲜根丙酮浸提液处理均最高，达到峰值时，分别较丙酮对照升高了10.01%、7.24%、6.79%、20.45%、34.87%、15.72%。
（3）西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液处理可以影响黄瓜叶片内抗氧化保护酶和细胞壁降解酶系统。经浸提液处理后黄瓜叶片内SOD、POD、几丁质酶、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性均高于对照，且这些酶活性与黄瓜枯萎病发病率呈负相关，酶活性最高处理均为鲜根丙酮浸提液处理，酶活性达到峰值时，分别较丙酮对照提高了22.46%、31.44%、13.30%、31.50%；羧甲基纤维素酶、吲哚乙酸氧化酶活性均低于对照，与黄瓜枯萎病发病率呈正相关，酶活性最低处理均为鲜根丙酮浸提液处理，酶活性最低时，分别较丙酮对照降低了8.24%、6.74%。
（4）西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液处理可以影响黄瓜叶片内糖含量。经浸提液处理后黄瓜叶片内还原糖、总糖含量均高于对照，两种糖含量均同黄瓜枯萎病发病率呈负相关，其中含量最高的处理为鲜根丙酮浸提液处理，含量达到峰值时，分别较丙酮对照增加了22.86%和22.63%。
（5）对于不同处理种类，丙酮浸提液处理变化最高，乙醇浸提液处理次之，蒸馏水浸提液处理变化最低；西芹鲜根浸提液处理的变化高于西芹根际区物处理。
4.西芹对黄瓜枯萎病菌田间化感作用的研究
（1）在无病土接种黄瓜枯萎病菌的条件下，使用西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液灌根、与西芹轮作、在培养土中施入西芹干根三种处理均可以显著降低黄瓜枯萎病的发病率和病情指数，并表现出极强的化感抑制效果，其中与西芹轮作处理的防病效果最佳，发病率为7.69%，病情指数为4.33%，化感抑制率为67.95%。
（2）在黄瓜连作条件下，使用西芹鲜根及根际区物浸提液灌根、与西芹轮作、在培养土中施入西芹干根三种处理均可以显著降低黄瓜枯萎病的发病率和病情指数，表现出极强的化感抑制效果，其中与西芹轮作处理的防病效果最佳，发病率为5.63%，病情指数为3.87%，化感抑制率高达71.63%。
Under the condition of culture medium, treated with distilled water、acetone andethanol extracts of fresh celery root and root soil on Fusarium Oxysporium f.sp.Cucumerinum to study the allelopathy; treated with the extracts once the first leaf ofcucumber was5cm wide, to research the allelopathy mechanism on FusariumOxysporium f.sp. Cucumerinum; and research the field investigation of FusariumOxysporium f.sp. Cucumerinum treated with celery root, the results were as follows:
1. The study on the allelopathy of extracts of fresh celery root and root soil
After treating with the extracts of fresh celery root and root soil, theconcentrations were smaller than the control, the allelopathic effects were allpole-strength, the ethanol extract of root treatment was the smallest one, theallelopathic effects was the most pole-strength.
2. The study on the allelopathy mechanism of extracts of fresh celery root androot soil on Fusarium Oxysporium f.sp. Cucumerinum
The cell wall-degrading enzymes (pectinase、cellulase、β-glucosidase) activity、the intracellular protective enzyme (SOD、POD、CAT) activity、fusarium acid wereall lower than the control. The ethanol extract of root treatment was the lowest one，with the greatest declines of31.16%、43.87%、13.05、27.19%、49.85%、35.75%、42.74%、36.44%, respectively. For the different treatments, the best inhibition effectwhich were processed by the acetone extracts, the fresh root extracts were higher thanroot soil extracts distinctly.
3. The study on the allelopathy mechanism of extracts of fresh celery root androot soil on cucumber seedlings
(1) The nitrogen metabolites of the cucumber leaves were changed after treatwith the extracts of fresh celery root and root soil. After aqueous extracts treatment,contents of soluble protein、Arg、Pro、ammonia and NR were higher than that of thecontrast, and the acetone extract of root treatment was the highest one, with thehighest increases over the acetone control by10.58%、6.54%、3.10%、9.64%、18.30%and7.79%, there were negatively correlated between them with disease resistance;and the contents of Gly、Met、Phe and nitrate were lower than that of the contrast, for Gly、Phe and nitrate the acetone extract of root treatment was the lowest one, with thegreatest declines of3.41%、1.42%and7.52%, for Met the ethanol extract of roottreatment was the lowest one, with the lowest declines in the acetone controlby21.65%, there were positively correlated between them with disease resistance.
(2) The phenoics metabolites of the cucumber leaves were changed after treatwith the extracts of fresh celery root and root soil. After aqueous extracts treatment,contents of phenol content and the enzymes activities were higher than that of thecontrast, and the acetone extract of root treatment was the highest one, with thehighest increases over the acetone control by10.01%、7.24%、6.79%、20.45%、34.87%、15.72%, Phenoics metabolites indexes was negatively correlated with diseaseresistance.
(3) The defense enzymes and the cell wall-degrading enzymes activities of thecucumber leaves were changed after treat with the extracts of fresh celery root androot soil. After aqueous extracts treatment, activities of SOD、POD、chitinase、β-1,3-glucanase were higher than that of the contrast, the acetone extract of roottreatment was the highest one, with the highest increases over the acetone control by22.46%、31.44%、13.30%、31.50%, there were negatively correlated between themwith disease resistance; The activities of CX and IAAO were lower than that of thecontrast, the lowest treatment was acetone extract of root, with the greatest declines of8.24%、6.74%, the correlation analysis showed that CX and IAAO were positivelycorrelated with disease resistance.
(4) The sugar content of the cucumber leaves were changed after treat with theextracts of fresh celery root and root soil. After aqueous extracts treatment, thecontents of reducing sugar and soluble sugar were higher than that of the contrast, theacetone extract of root treatment was the highest one, with the greatest increases by22.86%and22.63%, the sugar content was negatively correlated with diseaseresistance.
(5) For the different treatments, the most significant effects were caused by theacetone extracts, and then the ethanol extracts, the last was by the distilled waterextracts; the fresh root extracts were higher than root soil extracts distinctly.
4. The study on the field investigation of Fusarium Oxysporium f.sp.Cucumerinum treated with celery
(1) Inoculation with Fusarium Oxysporium f.sp. Cucumerinum in the clear earth,Three treatment were established, treated with the extracts of fresh celery root and root soil、celery-cucumber was designed as crop rotation treatment and mixed withdried celery root, they could significantly reduce the disease incidence and diseaseindex, showed strong allelopathic inhibitory effect, with celery crop rotation effect isbest, the disease rate was7.69%, the disease index was4.33%, the inhibition rate was67.95%.
(2) Under the condition of continuous cropping, use the extracts of fresh celeryroot and root soil、crop rotation with celery and mixed with dried celery root, theycould significantly reduce the disease incidence and disease index cucumber, showedstrong allelopathic inhibitory effect, with celery crop rotation effect is best, thedisease rate was5.63%, the disease index was3.87%, the inhibition rate was71.63%
引文
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