LNG储罐在静风和内压作用下受力性能分析
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摘要
液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,以下简称LNG)具有便于运输和储存、使用安全的特点,在过去的几十年中,世界LNG消费量大幅度增加,各国均将液化天然气作为一种低排放的清洁燃料加以推广。LNG储罐是存储、使用LNG过程中所用到的重要设备。目前国外对LNG储罐已有不少研究成果并且很多成果已应用到工程实际中,但是针对LNG储罐内、外罐壁在静力荷载作用下的受力性能和变形规律研究还不是十分完善,同时结构设计人员也迫切需要了解LNG储罐在承受各种静力荷载时的内力及变形规律。因此,开展LNG储罐在静力荷载作用下受力性能分析研究具有重要的意义。
本文以实际工程为研究对象,利用现有大型有限元软件ANSYS10.0,对LNG储罐进行静力作用下的内力分析,研究LNG储罐在不同荷载工况下的受力,从而为设计提供可靠的计算和分析依据。主要内容包括:
1.简要介绍大型LNG储罐的发展概况、结构形式及其在国内外的发展和研究状况。对有限元软件ANSYS10.0特点、功能和分析过程进行了简单的介绍,将LNG储罐简化为板壳问题,再选取合理的单元,用有限元软件建立了LNG储罐内、外罐壁有限元模型;
2.介绍了计算罐壁应力方法,即“短圆柱壳法”、“长圆柱壳法”,以及参考美国API650(美国石油学会标准)罐壁壁厚设计方法,结合锚固储罐的应力分布特点的一种新的组合圆柱壳法。利用ANSYS静态分析法对LNG储罐内罐和外罐有限元模型进行加压分析,获得LNG储罐内、外罐罐壁的应力分布和变形规律;
3.系统地介绍了自然风的基本特性和规范中关于风荷载的参数,利用ANSYS10.0中的APDL语言编写LNG储罐周向风压分布,采用ANSYS静态分析法对LNG储罐外罐有限元模型施加周向风压,获得LNG储外罐罐壁在静风风压作用下的应力分布和变形规律;
Liquefied Natural Gas (hereinafter referred to as LNG) has the features of convenient transport and storage, safety use. In the past few decades, the world LNG consumption has a substantial increase, all countries put LNG as a clean fuel with low emissions to promote them. LNG tank is the important equipment in storage, use of LNG tank. There has been a lot of research results abroad and many of them have been applied to engineering practice, but for mechanical properties and deformation of inside and outside wall of the LNG storage tank under static loads is not perfect, meanwhile, structural designers also have an urgent need for internal force and deformation of LNG tanks under a variety of static loads. Therefore, we shoud have an in-depth study of mechanical properties of LNG storage tank.
In this paper, the actual project has been researched, existing finite element software ANSYS has been used for the static load analysis of the LNG storage tank, the mechanical properties and deformation under different load has been researched, so as to provide a reliable design basis for calculation and analysis. The main contents include:
1.The development of large LNG storage tanks, structural forms, their development at home and abroad and study conditions has been brief introduced. The features, functions and analysis steps of ANSYS10.0 finite element software has been simple introduced, LNG storage tanks has been reduced to shell problems, and then selecting appropriate units, using the finite element software to establish the finite element model of inside and outside wall of LNG tank;
2.The method of calculation of the tank wall stress that "short cylindrical shell Law", "long cylindrical shell Law" has been introduced, and a new combination of cylindrical shell method that reference to the U.S. API650 (American Petroleum Institute Standard)tank wall thickness design methods, combine with the stress distribution anchorage tank also be introduced. Static analysis of ANSYS has been used to pressure the finite element model of inside and outside wall of LNG tank analysis, obtain stress distribution and deformation;
3.The basic characteristics of natural wind and the specification of parameters on the wind load has been systematic introducted, APDL language of ANSYS10.0 has been used to program the circumferential pressure distribution of the LNG storage tank, Static analysis of ANSYS has been used to pressure the finite element model of outside wall of LNG tank analysis, obtain stress distribution and deformation.
本文以实际工程为研究对象,利用现有大型有限元软件ANSYS10.0,对LNG储罐进行静力作用下的内力分析,研究LNG储罐在不同荷载工况下的受力,从而为设计提供可靠的计算和分析依据。主要内容包括:
1.简要介绍大型LNG储罐的发展概况、结构形式及其在国内外的发展和研究状况。对有限元软件ANSYS10.0特点、功能和分析过程进行了简单的介绍,将LNG储罐简化为板壳问题,再选取合理的单元,用有限元软件建立了LNG储罐内、外罐壁有限元模型;
2.介绍了计算罐壁应力方法,即“短圆柱壳法”、“长圆柱壳法”,以及参考美国API650(美国石油学会标准)罐壁壁厚设计方法,结合锚固储罐的应力分布特点的一种新的组合圆柱壳法。利用ANSYS静态分析法对LNG储罐内罐和外罐有限元模型进行加压分析,获得LNG储罐内、外罐罐壁的应力分布和变形规律;
3.系统地介绍了自然风的基本特性和规范中关于风荷载的参数,利用ANSYS10.0中的APDL语言编写LNG储罐周向风压分布,采用ANSYS静态分析法对LNG储罐外罐有限元模型施加周向风压,获得LNG储外罐罐壁在静风风压作用下的应力分布和变形规律;
Liquefied Natural Gas (hereinafter referred to as LNG) has the features of convenient transport and storage, safety use. In the past few decades, the world LNG consumption has a substantial increase, all countries put LNG as a clean fuel with low emissions to promote them. LNG tank is the important equipment in storage, use of LNG tank. There has been a lot of research results abroad and many of them have been applied to engineering practice, but for mechanical properties and deformation of inside and outside wall of the LNG storage tank under static loads is not perfect, meanwhile, structural designers also have an urgent need for internal force and deformation of LNG tanks under a variety of static loads. Therefore, we shoud have an in-depth study of mechanical properties of LNG storage tank.
In this paper, the actual project has been researched, existing finite element software ANSYS has been used for the static load analysis of the LNG storage tank, the mechanical properties and deformation under different load has been researched, so as to provide a reliable design basis for calculation and analysis. The main contents include:
1.The development of large LNG storage tanks, structural forms, their development at home and abroad and study conditions has been brief introduced. The features, functions and analysis steps of ANSYS10.0 finite element software has been simple introduced, LNG storage tanks has been reduced to shell problems, and then selecting appropriate units, using the finite element software to establish the finite element model of inside and outside wall of LNG tank;
2.The method of calculation of the tank wall stress that "short cylindrical shell Law", "long cylindrical shell Law" has been introduced, and a new combination of cylindrical shell method that reference to the U.S. API650 (American Petroleum Institute Standard)tank wall thickness design methods, combine with the stress distribution anchorage tank also be introduced. Static analysis of ANSYS has been used to pressure the finite element model of inside and outside wall of LNG tank analysis, obtain stress distribution and deformation;
3.The basic characteristics of natural wind and the specification of parameters on the wind load has been systematic introducted, APDL language of ANSYS10.0 has been used to program the circumferential pressure distribution of the LNG storage tank, Static analysis of ANSYS has been used to pressure the finite element model of outside wall of LNG tank analysis, obtain stress distribution and deformation.
引文
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[3]黄莉.大型LNG储罐空间气象模拟研究[D].成都:西南石油大学. 2006
[4]王助成.有限单元法.北京:清华大学出版社. 2003. 536一537
[5] Ameriena Pertoleum Institute. Welded Steel Tanks for oil Storage. API Standard 650. 1998
[6]陈志平.大型非锚固储油罐应力分析与抗震研究[D].杭州:浙江大学.2006
[7] GB/T 20368-2006.液化天然气(LNG)生产、储存和装运规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社. 2003.
[8]贾庆山.大型油罐基础的设计选型[J].石油工程建设. 2001. (1). 1~4.
[9]贾庆山.大型油罐地基处理[M].北京:中国石化出版社. 1993.
[10]王伟玲.大型LNG预应力储罐静力荷载作用下受力性能研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院. 2009.
[11] J潘家华.圆柱形金属油罐设计[M].北京:烃加工出版社. 1986. 45~101
[12]傅强.陈志平.郑津洋.弹性基础上大型石油储罐的应力分析[J].化工机械. 2002. 29(4): 210~213
[13]周利剑.水平地震激励下立式储罐与地基相互作用动力响应分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学. 2006.
[14]宫克勤.刘扬.孙建刚.储罐动力模态ANSYS有限元分析[J].油气田地面工程. 2004. 23(10):18~19.
[15] K. J. Bathe著.傅子智译.工程分析中的有限元法[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 1991.
[16]董鲁生.章树民.日本LPG、LNG储罐的设计[S].油气储运,1996. 15(5):89~102.
[17]美国CB&I公司.库页岛Ⅱ期:俄罗斯第一批液化天然气(LNG)储罐[J].石油化工建设. 2005. 8(4):51~62.
[18] Rostasy. F.S.Sprenger. K.H.STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION OF STEEL FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE AT VERY LOW TEMPERATURE. International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete. 1981. 2:47~51.
[19] Planas,J.Corres,H.;Elices.M.;Chueca.R.THERMAL DEFORMATION OF LOADED CONCRETE DURING THERMAL CYCLES FORM 20 degree℃TO 165 degree℃. Cement and Concrete Research. 1984. 14(5):639~644.
[20] BS8110:1997.Structural use of concrete[S].
[21] Se-Jin Jeon and Eui-Seung Park. Daewoo E&C Co. Ltd. Korea.Toward a Design of Larger Above-ground LNG Tank.LNG Journal. 2004. 4.
[22] Meinen. Evert. LNG STORAGE ENCLOSED IN PRESTRESSED CONCRETESAFETY WALLS.The Oil and Gas Journal.1979. 5:117~120.
[23] Law. Beberly. LNG STORAGE TANKS: CONCRETE IN AN ULTRA-COLD ENVIRONMENT.Concrete Construction. 1983. 28(6): 465~466.
[24] Lebris. Pierre. THREE SAFETY FACTORS INCLUDED IN LNG STORAGE TANK SYSTEM. Pipe Line Industry.1978. 49(3):45~46. 48. 50.
[25] Shibata.H.; Okamura.H.; Takagi.T.; Ukaji.K.; Ito.H.; Ouchi.H. Ductility of prestressed concrete at extremely low temperature for PC-LNG-aboveground storage tank.Publ by Atomic Energy Soc of Japan. 1993. 91.
[26] Colin H. Hansen. Anthony C. Zander. Investigation of passive control devices for potential application to a launchvehicle structure to reduce the interiornoise levels during launch[R]. Passive Control Devices. 2001
[27] Pricher M. Medium-length thin-walled cylinder under wind loading-case study[J]. Journal of Structure Engineering. 2004 (130): 2062~2069.
[28] Greiner R. Derler P. Effect of imperfections on wind-loaded cylindrical shell[J]. Thin-Walled Structure. 1995 (23): 271~281. [29] Allen DE.Design criteria for walking vibration.Private correspondence.
[30] R.w.克拉夫. J.彭津(王光远等译).结构动力学[M].科学出版社. 1981
[31] GB 50341—2003.立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社. 2003.
[32]黄本才.结构抗风分析原理及应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社. 2001.
[33]张相庭.结构风工程[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 2006.
[34]郝文化等. ANSYS土木工程应用实例[M].中国水利水电出版社. 2005
[35] GB 50009—2001.建筑结构荷载规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 2002.
[36]王修琼.崔剑峰. Davenport谱中系数K的计算公式及其工程应用[J].同济大学学报. 2002. 30(7):849~852.
[37]刘文洋.网架结构简化分析及球面网壳抗风数值模拟[D].大庆:大庆石油学院. 2006.
[38]日本工业标准委员会.钢制焊接油罐结构. 1985. JsiB8501一85[S]
[39] Portela G. Godoy L A. Wind pressure and buckling of cylindrical steel tanks with a dome roof[J]. Journal of Constructional Steel and Research. 2005 (61). 808~824.
[40] Wang Y. Billington D P. Buckling of cylindrical shells by wind pressures[J]. Engng Mech. Div. ASCE 1974. 100. 1005~1023.
[41] Uematsu Y, Uchiyama K. Deflection and buckling behavior of thin, circular cylindrical shells under wind loads[J]. Journal of wind engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 1985 (18): 245~261.
[42] Schmidt H. Binder B. Lange H. Postbucking strength design of open thin-walledcylindrical tanks under wind load[J]. Thin-Walled Structures. 1998 (31). 203~220.
[43] Luis A. Godoy L A. Imperfection sensitivity to elastic buckling of wind loaded open cylindrical tanks[J]. Structural Engineering and Mechanics. 2002 (13). 1~10.
[44] Johns D J. Wind-induced static instability of cylindrical shells[J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 1982 (13): 261~270.
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