大跨度钢箱梁的制作与分段吊装技术研究与应用
|
摘要
在桥梁工程领域,为满足使用功能和承载功能的要求,大跨度钢箱梁应用比较广泛,而在大跨度建筑工程领域,钢箱梁的应用相对较少,更多的是采用网架结构、立体桁架等空间结构。与大跨度钢桥梁相比,建筑工程中的大跨度钢结构具有柔性更大,安装精度要求更高的特点,结构变形控制显得更加重要。虽说实腹式钢梁用于大跨度结构并不经济,但钢箱梁具有截面性能佳、结构承载能力高、外表平整美观等优点,如果恰当减小壁厚,合理优化结构,钢箱梁也能体现较好的经济性,从而进一步扩展其在建筑工程领域的应用范围。
本文以大跨度屋盖结构中的钢箱梁制作与分段安装技术为研究对象,分别讨论了大跨度箱形梁的施工模拟与预拱值确定、制作与安装方法、胎架设计与安装、分段安装工艺与变形控制技术、安装过程的定位测控技术,并以深圳会展中心为工程实例,阐述典型大跨度钢箱梁的制作与分段安装过程。主要内容包括以下几方面:
1、大跨度箱形梁的施工模拟与预拱值确定
通过结构分析,讨论了胎架支承状态和无胎架支承状态两种工况的结构应力和变形情况,为施工开展奠定了理论基础。
采用分段吊装法进行大跨度箱形梁安装前,应首先确定其放样状态,从而保证结构落架后回到初始状态(设计状态)。为此,本文阐述了大跨度箱形梁的预拱确定方法——逆迭代法,并以深圳会展中心箱形梁为实例说明计算过程。
2、箱形梁的制作与安装方法
以箱形梁的制作流程为主要思路,重点阐述了箱形梁的板件制作工艺、组装工艺、焊接工艺与整体预拼装工艺,强调制作过程的变形控制措施;并总结归纳了大跨度箱形梁的各种安装方法。
3、胎架设计与安装
阐述了胎架的构造设计方法、强度与稳定性计算方法、胎架受力工况分析法及其制作与安装技术。
4、箱形梁的分段安装工艺与变形控制技术
详细叙述了箱形梁的分段划分、构件运输与堆放、构件拼装、构件吊装、施工焊接等安装工艺,以及箱形梁结构的整体释放控制措施。
5、箱形梁安装过程的定位测控技术
对工程全局与结构局部细节的定位测量方法做了详细的阐述,并总结了结构变形监测和应力监测方法。
In order to meet the challenge of usage and load-supporting, long span steel box beam is extensively used in the field of bridge engineerings. However, steel box beam is used in few building engineerings,but space structures such as gird structure, stereo truss and so on. Compare with long span steel bridges, steel structures of building engineerings have features as more flexibilitier and more strict installation accuracy, structure deformation control is more important. It’s uneconomic that solid web girds are used in long span structures, but have merits as favorable cross-section nature, favorable load-supporting capability and smooth appearance.If thickness of slab reduced, structure rationally optimized, steel box beam can possess preferable economization, and expand its building field of application further.
Fabrication and lifting segment by segment technology for is regarded as the study object of the text. Based on the above condition, study counter-arhed values determination, methods of fabrication and installation, designation and installation of falseworks, technologies of lifting segment by segment and deformation control, technologies of localization and measurement.Besides, illustrating Shenzhen conference and exhibition center, expatiates fabrication and lifting process of long span steel box beam. The main research contents are as follows:
1, Counter-arhed values determination of box beam
Discuss the variation of stress and deformation of structure with falsework or no by structural analysis, which can be base of structure construction. Before install long span box beam segment by segment, lofting state should be determined, by this mean, structure can restitute initial state. Therefore, the paper expatiates counter-arched method of long span box beam-iteration, and the process of counter-arched calculation of Shenzhen conference and exhibition center.
2, Fabrication and installation methods of box beam
Regard fabrication process of box beam as main route, fabrication technology of plates, assembly technology, welding technology, and integral consolidation technology are depicted in the paper. Futhermore, various install methods are generalized in the paper.
3, Falsework designation and installation
the constitution designation methods, strength and stability calculation methods,
behaviour analysis methods, and fabrication and installation technology are expatiated in the paper. 4, Technologies of lifting segment by segment and deformation control of box beam Segments division, transportation and stacking of components, consolidation of components, lifting of components, field welding, and control means in the process of box beam release are particularly depicted in the paper. 5, Location and measuring technologies in process of box beam installation It is particularly depicted in the paper that global and local detail measuring methods of engeering, and methods of structure deformation monitor and stress monitor. 6, Case study On the basis of above basic theory, fabrication and installation technologies of long span box beam in Shenzhen Conference and exhibition center is discussed, and solving methods of several technical difficulties are also introduced. Objecting summarizing fabrication and installation of long span box beam, summarizing the couter-arch method, fabrication technology, lifting-segment-by –segment technology, and deformation control measures, bring forward the importance of ribbed stiffener to box beam, variation of stress and deformation of structure after falseworks are striked,behaviour analysis method of falsework. It is practical valuable to promote the theorization and generalization of fabrication and installation technologies of long span box beam.
本文以大跨度屋盖结构中的钢箱梁制作与分段安装技术为研究对象,分别讨论了大跨度箱形梁的施工模拟与预拱值确定、制作与安装方法、胎架设计与安装、分段安装工艺与变形控制技术、安装过程的定位测控技术,并以深圳会展中心为工程实例,阐述典型大跨度钢箱梁的制作与分段安装过程。主要内容包括以下几方面:
1、大跨度箱形梁的施工模拟与预拱值确定
通过结构分析,讨论了胎架支承状态和无胎架支承状态两种工况的结构应力和变形情况,为施工开展奠定了理论基础。
采用分段吊装法进行大跨度箱形梁安装前,应首先确定其放样状态,从而保证结构落架后回到初始状态(设计状态)。为此,本文阐述了大跨度箱形梁的预拱确定方法——逆迭代法,并以深圳会展中心箱形梁为实例说明计算过程。
2、箱形梁的制作与安装方法
以箱形梁的制作流程为主要思路,重点阐述了箱形梁的板件制作工艺、组装工艺、焊接工艺与整体预拼装工艺,强调制作过程的变形控制措施;并总结归纳了大跨度箱形梁的各种安装方法。
3、胎架设计与安装
阐述了胎架的构造设计方法、强度与稳定性计算方法、胎架受力工况分析法及其制作与安装技术。
4、箱形梁的分段安装工艺与变形控制技术
详细叙述了箱形梁的分段划分、构件运输与堆放、构件拼装、构件吊装、施工焊接等安装工艺,以及箱形梁结构的整体释放控制措施。
5、箱形梁安装过程的定位测控技术
对工程全局与结构局部细节的定位测量方法做了详细的阐述,并总结了结构变形监测和应力监测方法。
In order to meet the challenge of usage and load-supporting, long span steel box beam is extensively used in the field of bridge engineerings. However, steel box beam is used in few building engineerings,but space structures such as gird structure, stereo truss and so on. Compare with long span steel bridges, steel structures of building engineerings have features as more flexibilitier and more strict installation accuracy, structure deformation control is more important. It’s uneconomic that solid web girds are used in long span structures, but have merits as favorable cross-section nature, favorable load-supporting capability and smooth appearance.If thickness of slab reduced, structure rationally optimized, steel box beam can possess preferable economization, and expand its building field of application further.
Fabrication and lifting segment by segment technology for is regarded as the study object of the text. Based on the above condition, study counter-arhed values determination, methods of fabrication and installation, designation and installation of falseworks, technologies of lifting segment by segment and deformation control, technologies of localization and measurement.Besides, illustrating Shenzhen conference and exhibition center, expatiates fabrication and lifting process of long span steel box beam. The main research contents are as follows:
1, Counter-arhed values determination of box beam
Discuss the variation of stress and deformation of structure with falsework or no by structural analysis, which can be base of structure construction. Before install long span box beam segment by segment, lofting state should be determined, by this mean, structure can restitute initial state. Therefore, the paper expatiates counter-arched method of long span box beam-iteration, and the process of counter-arched calculation of Shenzhen conference and exhibition center.
2, Fabrication and installation methods of box beam
Regard fabrication process of box beam as main route, fabrication technology of plates, assembly technology, welding technology, and integral consolidation technology are depicted in the paper. Futhermore, various install methods are generalized in the paper.
3, Falsework designation and installation
the constitution designation methods, strength and stability calculation methods,
behaviour analysis methods, and fabrication and installation technology are expatiated in the paper. 4, Technologies of lifting segment by segment and deformation control of box beam Segments division, transportation and stacking of components, consolidation of components, lifting of components, field welding, and control means in the process of box beam release are particularly depicted in the paper. 5, Location and measuring technologies in process of box beam installation It is particularly depicted in the paper that global and local detail measuring methods of engeering, and methods of structure deformation monitor and stress monitor. 6, Case study On the basis of above basic theory, fabrication and installation technologies of long span box beam in Shenzhen Conference and exhibition center is discussed, and solving methods of several technical difficulties are also introduced. Objecting summarizing fabrication and installation of long span box beam, summarizing the couter-arch method, fabrication technology, lifting-segment-by –segment technology, and deformation control measures, bring forward the importance of ribbed stiffener to box beam, variation of stress and deformation of structure after falseworks are striked,behaviour analysis method of falsework. It is practical valuable to promote the theorization and generalization of fabrication and installation technologies of long span box beam.
引文
[1] 董石麟等.空间结构.北京:中国计划出版社,2003(12)
[2] 哈尔滨建筑大学.大跨房屋钢结构.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998(6)
[3] 王仕统.衡量大跨度空间结构优劣的五个指标.空间结构.2000,VOL3
[4] 陈绍蕃.钢结构设计原理.北京:科学出版社,2001(11)
[5] 孙仁博,王天明.材料力学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999(5)
[6] 魏明钟.钢结构.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2000(8)
[7] 郑凯锋,唐继舜.大跨度悬索桥流线形箱梁技术.公路.1994,VOL6
[8] 徐伟,苏宏阳,金福安.土木工程施工手册.北京:中国计划出版社,2003
[9] 吴栖碧.大跨度悬索桥加劲钢箱梁浅谈.铁道标准设计,1998(3)
[10] 王云飞等.特大型钢结构整体顶推平移技术.施工技术,2004(11)
[11] 李闵.上海的一座博物馆-上海浦东新区文献中心设计方案.时代建筑
[12] Burgan, B.A., Dowling, P, J., Interaction between Shear Lag and Buckling in Compression Flange, Proc.Annual Techn.Session SSRC, 1986, PP, 243~256
[13] Harding, J.E. et al. The Analysys and Design of Stiffened Plate Bridge Components, Proc.Annual Techn. Session SSRC, 1990, pp.267~276
[14] 刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS.北京:清华大学出版社,2002(9)
[15] 梁岩磊,邓绚.建筑结构起拱问题探讨.河北建筑工程学院学报,1997,1
[16] 中国建筑工业出版社.现行建筑结构规范大全.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994(8)
[17] 中国建筑工业出版社.现行建筑施工规范大全.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994(8)
[18] Sheck H J. The Force Density Method for Form Finding and Computation of General Networks. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 1974, 3.
[19] B Maurin and R Motro. The Surface Stress Density Method as a Form Finding Tool for Tensile Memberane. Engineering Structures, 1999, 20(8).
[20] M.R. Barnes.Form Finding and Analysis of Prestressed Net and Memberanes. Computers& Structures, 1988, 3(3).
[21] Mochael Barnes.Form and Stress Engineering of Tension Structures.Strucutural Engineering Review, 1994, 6(3-4).
[22] 张其林,张莉.膜结构形状确定的三类问题及其求解.建筑结构学报,2000,21(5)
[23] 宋昌永.索网结构和薄膜结构的形状确定分析.哈尔滨建筑大学硕士论文,1992
[24] 张其林.索梁体系初始形状和放样状态确定的逆迭代有限单元法.第九届空间结构学术会议,萧山,2000
[25] 沈祖炎等.钢结构制作安装手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998(11)
[26] 江正荣.《建筑施工工程师手册》(第二版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002(6)
[27] 本手册编写组.《建筑施工手册》(第三版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998(10)
[28] 中国钢结构协会.《建筑钢结构施工手册》.北京:中国计划出版社,2002(5)
[29] 路克宽等.《钢结构工程便携手册》.北京,机械工业出版社,2003(9)
[30] 边振义.《建筑钢结构箱形构件隔板的电渣焊接》.焊接技术,1998,10(5)
[31] 田拥军.如何控制焊接应力和焊接变形.山西建筑,2004,3(6)
[32] 工程图集编绘组.《工程建设分项设计施工系列图集》钢结构工程.中国建材工业出版社,2004(1)
[33] 王景文.钢结构工程施工与质量验收实用手册.北京:中国建材工业出版社,2003(9)
[34] 重庆大学等.土木工程施工.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003(8)
[35] 杜荣军.建筑施工脚手架实用手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994(5)
[36] 徐伟等.施工结构计算方法与设计手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999(1)
[37] 包头钢铁设计研究院,中国钢结构协会房屋建筑钢结构协会.钢结构设计与计算.北京:机械工业出版社,2002(3)
[38] 苏宏阳,郦锁林等.基础工程施工手册.北京:中国计划出版社,2002(6)
[39] 姚刚.土木工程施工技术.北京:人民交通出版社,1999(3)
[40] 毛鹤琴.土木工程施工.武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,2000(8)
[41] 白玲等.大型钢箱梁焊接收缩变形及其控制.桥梁钢结构,2001(3)
[42] 刘静华等.钢箱梁焊接工艺浅谈.焊接技术,2002(12)
[43] 高俊强等.钢结构安装施工测量方案及精度指标探讨.工程勘察,2000(2)
[44] 王云江,赵西安.建筑工程测量.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002(6)
[45] 彭福坤,彭庆.土木工程施工测量手册北京:中国建材工业出版社,2002(2)
[46] 李云峰等.六四式梁拼组结构的位移计算[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1998,11(2):72~75
[47] Edwin H.Gralord , Jr , Charles N.Gaylord , James E.Stallmeyer.Design of Steel Structures[M].New York;McGraw-Hill,1992.620~623
[48] 李寿英等.销接钢结构的承载力[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2001,14(1):41~44
[49] Li Shouying,Duan Shujin.Li Yunfeng.Bearing Capacity of Pin -connected Steel Structure[A].In:Proceedings EPMESC’VIII[C].上海:上海三联书店,2001.352~354
[50] 贾红梅.销接钢结构的几何非线性分析[D].石家庄:石家庄铁道学院,2003
[51] 贾红梅,段树金.销接简支钢梁的测向稳定.石家庄:石家庄铁道学院,2003
[52] 焦建慧.建筑变形测量工作及其方法探讨.建筑施工,2001(5)
[53] 刘育梁.光纤光栅传感器的大规模组网技术.北京:中国科学研究院
[54] 陈俊仲.光纤光栅于结构传感器之研发与应用. 国立台湾大学土木工程学研究所
[2] 哈尔滨建筑大学.大跨房屋钢结构.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998(6)
[3] 王仕统.衡量大跨度空间结构优劣的五个指标.空间结构.2000,VOL3
[4] 陈绍蕃.钢结构设计原理.北京:科学出版社,2001(11)
[5] 孙仁博,王天明.材料力学.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999(5)
[6] 魏明钟.钢结构.武汉:武汉大学出版社,2000(8)
[7] 郑凯锋,唐继舜.大跨度悬索桥流线形箱梁技术.公路.1994,VOL6
[8] 徐伟,苏宏阳,金福安.土木工程施工手册.北京:中国计划出版社,2003
[9] 吴栖碧.大跨度悬索桥加劲钢箱梁浅谈.铁道标准设计,1998(3)
[10] 王云飞等.特大型钢结构整体顶推平移技术.施工技术,2004(11)
[11] 李闵.上海的一座博物馆-上海浦东新区文献中心设计方案.时代建筑
[12] Burgan, B.A., Dowling, P, J., Interaction between Shear Lag and Buckling in Compression Flange, Proc.Annual Techn.Session SSRC, 1986, PP, 243~256
[13] Harding, J.E. et al. The Analysys and Design of Stiffened Plate Bridge Components, Proc.Annual Techn. Session SSRC, 1990, pp.267~276
[14] 刘涛,杨凤鹏.精通ANSYS.北京:清华大学出版社,2002(9)
[15] 梁岩磊,邓绚.建筑结构起拱问题探讨.河北建筑工程学院学报,1997,1
[16] 中国建筑工业出版社.现行建筑结构规范大全.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994(8)
[17] 中国建筑工业出版社.现行建筑施工规范大全.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994(8)
[18] Sheck H J. The Force Density Method for Form Finding and Computation of General Networks. Comp. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. 1974, 3.
[19] B Maurin and R Motro. The Surface Stress Density Method as a Form Finding Tool for Tensile Memberane. Engineering Structures, 1999, 20(8).
[20] M.R. Barnes.Form Finding and Analysis of Prestressed Net and Memberanes. Computers& Structures, 1988, 3(3).
[21] Mochael Barnes.Form and Stress Engineering of Tension Structures.Strucutural Engineering Review, 1994, 6(3-4).
[22] 张其林,张莉.膜结构形状确定的三类问题及其求解.建筑结构学报,2000,21(5)
[23] 宋昌永.索网结构和薄膜结构的形状确定分析.哈尔滨建筑大学硕士论文,1992
[24] 张其林.索梁体系初始形状和放样状态确定的逆迭代有限单元法.第九届空间结构学术会议,萧山,2000
[25] 沈祖炎等.钢结构制作安装手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998(11)
[26] 江正荣.《建筑施工工程师手册》(第二版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002(6)
[27] 本手册编写组.《建筑施工手册》(第三版).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998(10)
[28] 中国钢结构协会.《建筑钢结构施工手册》.北京:中国计划出版社,2002(5)
[29] 路克宽等.《钢结构工程便携手册》.北京,机械工业出版社,2003(9)
[30] 边振义.《建筑钢结构箱形构件隔板的电渣焊接》.焊接技术,1998,10(5)
[31] 田拥军.如何控制焊接应力和焊接变形.山西建筑,2004,3(6)
[32] 工程图集编绘组.《工程建设分项设计施工系列图集》钢结构工程.中国建材工业出版社,2004(1)
[33] 王景文.钢结构工程施工与质量验收实用手册.北京:中国建材工业出版社,2003(9)
[34] 重庆大学等.土木工程施工.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003(8)
[35] 杜荣军.建筑施工脚手架实用手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994(5)
[36] 徐伟等.施工结构计算方法与设计手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1999(1)
[37] 包头钢铁设计研究院,中国钢结构协会房屋建筑钢结构协会.钢结构设计与计算.北京:机械工业出版社,2002(3)
[38] 苏宏阳,郦锁林等.基础工程施工手册.北京:中国计划出版社,2002(6)
[39] 姚刚.土木工程施工技术.北京:人民交通出版社,1999(3)
[40] 毛鹤琴.土木工程施工.武汉:武汉工业大学出版社,2000(8)
[41] 白玲等.大型钢箱梁焊接收缩变形及其控制.桥梁钢结构,2001(3)
[42] 刘静华等.钢箱梁焊接工艺浅谈.焊接技术,2002(12)
[43] 高俊强等.钢结构安装施工测量方案及精度指标探讨.工程勘察,2000(2)
[44] 王云江,赵西安.建筑工程测量.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002(6)
[45] 彭福坤,彭庆.土木工程施工测量手册北京:中国建材工业出版社,2002(2)
[46] 李云峰等.六四式梁拼组结构的位移计算[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,1998,11(2):72~75
[47] Edwin H.Gralord , Jr , Charles N.Gaylord , James E.Stallmeyer.Design of Steel Structures[M].New York;McGraw-Hill,1992.620~623
[48] 李寿英等.销接钢结构的承载力[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2001,14(1):41~44
[49] Li Shouying,Duan Shujin.Li Yunfeng.Bearing Capacity of Pin -connected Steel Structure[A].In:Proceedings EPMESC’VIII[C].上海:上海三联书店,2001.352~354
[50] 贾红梅.销接钢结构的几何非线性分析[D].石家庄:石家庄铁道学院,2003
[51] 贾红梅,段树金.销接简支钢梁的测向稳定.石家庄:石家庄铁道学院,2003
[52] 焦建慧.建筑变形测量工作及其方法探讨.建筑施工,2001(5)
[53] 刘育梁.光纤光栅传感器的大规模组网技术.北京:中国科学研究院
[54] 陈俊仲.光纤光栅于结构传感器之研发与应用. 国立台湾大学土木工程学研究所
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |