广域电磁仪接收机硬件设计与实现
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摘要
广域电磁法是中南大学何继善院士在可控源音频大地电磁法基础上提出的一种新的地球物理电磁勘探方法,它利用电磁场的全域精确表达式,能够在非“远区”测量一个分量(电场或磁场)而得到视电阻率。基于广域电磁法和伪随机多频信号理论研制的广域电磁测深仪是一种勘探深度大、效率高、精确度高、适应性强的新型电磁法勘探仪器,克服了现有CSAMT电法仪器采用变频方案,只能在“远区”测量导致信号微弱以及需要测量两个正交电磁分量等缺点。能够一台发送机发送、多台接收机同时接收,实现三维电磁勘探。
论文简要介绍了广域电磁法的基本理论、特点以及广域电磁测深仪器系统结构及接收机的系统结构；详细分析了广域接收机采集有效电磁信号特征与噪声特性；着重于适合广域电磁信号特征和采集方式的精密低噪声模拟电路设计,包括阻抗变换、高低通信号滤波、工频陷波、低噪声放大等,从电路结构以及器件选型等方面按照高精度低噪声要求给出了详细设计；此外,结合广域电磁仪高、中、低不同频段需要不同的采集时间和叠加周期,对采集信号的高精度高稳定度要求,设计了基于高分辨、高速∑-△模数转换器AD7762的信号采集电路,并给出了与数字信号处理器(DSP)的接口电路和相关的DSP程序设计；最后对广域电磁接收机进行了详细的室内指标测试,并到大庆等地进行了野外测试。
广域电磁接收机室内噪声、一致性测试,以及野外的一致性、稳定性测试均取得良好效果,研制的接收机工作正常可靠、采集的数据可信,满足广域电磁法对仪器的要求,能够用于野外勘探。
Wide field electromagnetics, a new geophysical electromagnetic exploration method, is presented by academician He Ji-shan, Central South University, based on CSAMT, and measures a component of the field (electric field component or magnetic field component) to obtain the apparent resistivity in the non-remote area using the accurate electromagnetic fields formulas which are valid for all range. Wide field electromagnetic system is a new electromagnetic exploration equipment with great depth exploration, high efficiency, precision and adaptability, based on wide field electromagnetic method and the pseudo-random multi-frequency signal to overcome the defects of the current CSAMT electromagnetic instrument about frequency conversion mode, weak signal caused by remote area measurement,measuring two orthogonal components of electromagnetism.It can use a transmitter to transmit the signal and many receivers receive it at the same time to achieve three-dimensional electromagnetic exploration
In this paper, basic theory and characteristics of wide field electromagnetic methods, system structure of the wide field electromagnetic system and receiver is briefly introduced. It has a detailed analysis of effective electromagnetic signals characteristics and noise acquired by receivers, focuses on the precision low-noise analog circuit design to meet the characteristics of wide field electromagnetic signals and acquisition mode, including the impedance transformation, high and low pass signal filtering, notch filter, low-noise amplifier etc, giving a detailed design with high precision and low noise from the circuit structure and device selection. In addition, the different bandwidth needs the different acquisition time and overlapping period in Wide field electromagnetic system which also requires high precision and high stability signals. We have designed signal acquisition circuit based on high-resolution, high-speed,∑-△analog-to-digital converter AD7762, and also have given the interface circuit with DSP and the related program. At last, the interior indicators test in detail and the field test at Daqing and other places of the wide field electromagnetic receivers are carried out.
The noise and consistency indoor test, and the consistency, stability field test all have achieved good results. The receivers can work reliably, acquire credible data, meet the requirements of the wide field electromagnetic method, can be used for field exploration.
The paper has won the support and funding of National natural science foundation project, the basis research of wide field electromagnetic system (40827002).
论文简要介绍了广域电磁法的基本理论、特点以及广域电磁测深仪器系统结构及接收机的系统结构；详细分析了广域接收机采集有效电磁信号特征与噪声特性；着重于适合广域电磁信号特征和采集方式的精密低噪声模拟电路设计,包括阻抗变换、高低通信号滤波、工频陷波、低噪声放大等,从电路结构以及器件选型等方面按照高精度低噪声要求给出了详细设计；此外,结合广域电磁仪高、中、低不同频段需要不同的采集时间和叠加周期,对采集信号的高精度高稳定度要求,设计了基于高分辨、高速∑-△模数转换器AD7762的信号采集电路,并给出了与数字信号处理器(DSP)的接口电路和相关的DSP程序设计；最后对广域电磁接收机进行了详细的室内指标测试,并到大庆等地进行了野外测试。
广域电磁接收机室内噪声、一致性测试,以及野外的一致性、稳定性测试均取得良好效果,研制的接收机工作正常可靠、采集的数据可信,满足广域电磁法对仪器的要求,能够用于野外勘探。
Wide field electromagnetics, a new geophysical electromagnetic exploration method, is presented by academician He Ji-shan, Central South University, based on CSAMT, and measures a component of the field (electric field component or magnetic field component) to obtain the apparent resistivity in the non-remote area using the accurate electromagnetic fields formulas which are valid for all range. Wide field electromagnetic system is a new electromagnetic exploration equipment with great depth exploration, high efficiency, precision and adaptability, based on wide field electromagnetic method and the pseudo-random multi-frequency signal to overcome the defects of the current CSAMT electromagnetic instrument about frequency conversion mode, weak signal caused by remote area measurement,measuring two orthogonal components of electromagnetism.It can use a transmitter to transmit the signal and many receivers receive it at the same time to achieve three-dimensional electromagnetic exploration
In this paper, basic theory and characteristics of wide field electromagnetic methods, system structure of the wide field electromagnetic system and receiver is briefly introduced. It has a detailed analysis of effective electromagnetic signals characteristics and noise acquired by receivers, focuses on the precision low-noise analog circuit design to meet the characteristics of wide field electromagnetic signals and acquisition mode, including the impedance transformation, high and low pass signal filtering, notch filter, low-noise amplifier etc, giving a detailed design with high precision and low noise from the circuit structure and device selection. In addition, the different bandwidth needs the different acquisition time and overlapping period in Wide field electromagnetic system which also requires high precision and high stability signals. We have designed signal acquisition circuit based on high-resolution, high-speed,∑-△analog-to-digital converter AD7762, and also have given the interface circuit with DSP and the related program. At last, the interior indicators test in detail and the field test at Daqing and other places of the wide field electromagnetic receivers are carried out.
The noise and consistency indoor test, and the consistency, stability field test all have achieved good results. The receivers can work reliably, acquire credible data, meet the requirements of the wide field electromagnetic method, can be used for field exploration.
The paper has won the support and funding of National natural science foundation project, the basis research of wide field electromagnetic system (40827002).
引文
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[2]何继善.2n系列伪随机信号及应用.中国地球物理年会年刊(1998).西安：西安地图出版社,1998.199
[3]陈儒军.伪随机多频电磁法观测系统研究：[博士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2003
[4]何继善,柳建新.伪随机多频相位法及其应用简介.中国有色金属学报,2002,12(2)：374-376
[5]魏文博.我国大地电磁测深新进展及瞻望.地球物理学进展,2002,17(2)：245-254
[6]刘国栋.频率域电磁法仪的最新进展.第8届中国国际地球电磁学讨论会,2007，63-70
[7]赵国泽,陈小斌,汤吉.中国地球电磁法新进展和发展趋势.地球物理学进展,2007,22(4)：1171-1180
[8]TI KHONOV A N. On the determination of electric characteristics of deep layers of the earth's crust. Dok Akad Nauk,1950,73 (2):295-297
[9]Louis Cagniard. Basic Theory of the Magneto -telluric Method of Geophysical prospecting. Geophysics,1953,18(3):605-635
[10]陈乐寿.大地电磁测深——探测地球深部电性和物质状态的一种有效手段.自然杂志,2009,31(1)：39-46
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[16]何继善.可控源音频大地电磁法.长沙：中南大学出版社,1990.1-5
[17]Wait J R, The variable frequency method. In:J. R. Wait, eds. Overvoltage research and geophysical applications. London. Pergamon Press,1959.29-49
[18]何继善.频率域电法的新进展.地球物理学进展,2007,22(4)：1250-1254
[19]刘国栋.电法勘探仪器.北京：北京欧华联有限责任公司,2009.1-28
[20]刘国栋.矿产资源调查的物探方法和仪器设备.物探与化探,2007,31(增刊)：35-52
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[29]何继善.双频激电法.北京：高等教育出版社,2006
[30]朴化荣.电磁测深法原理.北京：地质出版社,1990
[31]Kaufman A and Keller G V.时间域和频率域电磁测深.北京：地质出版社,1987
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[43]马场清太郎.运算放大器应用电路设计.北京： 科学出版社,2004
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