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智能固态软起动器研究
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摘要
智能固态软起动器是专为中高压三相交流电机降低起动电流而设计的。它不同于传统的液态软起动器,智能固态软起动器在大功率电机起动过程中,通过控制电机的电流,使电机缓慢、平滑的加速,避免大电流对电机和电网的冲击,提高电网的工作效率和减少起动时对电机的冲击损伤,从而达到起动和保护设备的作用。
     本文在对查阅、分析和归纳了国内外交流电机软起动相关技术的基础上,首先分析交流电机的起动特性,对比了多种传统的软起动方式的特点,并结合实际应用选择可变电抗器软起动方式作为智能固态软起动器的设计方案。其次,论文对智能固态软起动器进行系统结构设计,并对系统中可变电抗器、触发电路、控制器、检测电路进行详细阐述。文中深入探讨了可变电抗器的等效数学模型,给出了可变电抗器阻抗随晶闸管导通角变化的图形。论文对模糊控制和常规PID控制效果分别进行深入分析,结合两者优点采用模糊控制和PID控制相结合的方法作为智能固态软起动器的控制策略,并重点对模糊控制器进行设计。此外,智能固态软起动器软件结构、各模块功能和软件功能实现方法也进行了详细阐述,并列举了智能控制器检测信号名称和控制逻辑。最后,论文利用Matlab/simulink软件构建了电机软起动仿真模型,并进行了仿真,得出仿真图形。同时,论文给出了基于PLC控制器平台的智能固态软起动器控制电机软起动的实验电流波形。
     实验表明,智能固态软起动器能够显著降低电机的起动电流,一般可将起动电流控制在额定电流的3倍左右,从而有效地减少电动机供电线路的电压损失及电力损耗,达到设计要求。
Intelligent Solid Soft Starter is based on the variable reactance technique, whichis designed especially for large and medium electromotor in order to decline themaximum current during the starting. It is different from the traditional liquid softstarter, during the starting of the electromotor, Intelligent Solid Soft Starter can makethe motor accelerate smoothly and slowly by means of controlling the current, whichcan avoid the impact for electric net and motor, improving the efficiency of net anddecreasing impair of motor. All of these can start the motor and protect theequipments.
     Firstly, on the basis of reference, analysis and generalization, in this thesis, thesystem design of solid soft starter based on variable reactance technique is selectedthrough analyzing the motor characteristics of start, contrasting several traditionalmodes of soft starter and combining with actual apply. Secondly, the system structureof soft starter is designed, the components of soft starter, such as the variablereactance, triggering circuit, controller and the circuit of measurement, are alsointroduced with details in this paper. Through analyzing both fuzzy control and PID,taking advantages of the characteristics of fuzzy and PID, the mixture of fuzzycontrol and PID are applied in the controlling strategy of starting electromotor. Then,it especially designs fuzzy controller. Moreover, it describes with details the softwareframe of intelligent solid soft starter and represents the name of measurement signaland controlling logic. Finally, the simulation model of electromotor soft starter isconstructed by matlab/simulink soft and simulated figures are got in this course.Meanwhile, the thesis shows the current waveform in the experiment based on thePLC controller.
     The experiments indicate that the Intelligent Solid Soft Starter can decreaseremarkably the starting current of the motor; the current can be restricted about threetimes rating current compared with the direct starting current. It declines effectivelythe wasting of electric net and saves the power resources.
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