核能谱数据采集系统中关键技术研究
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摘要
核能谱测量系统主要包括:探测器,多道分析器,数据传输和数据处理四部分。其中随着材料技术的发展,探测器也有了飞速发展,目前基本上能满足各种用户的需求,但是多道分析器,数据传输和数据处理三部分由于考虑到不同的用户有不同的需求,因此成为我们研究的重点。对于数据处理部分本研究组已经开发了相应的软件系统,基本上能满足目前的需求。所以本论文主要研究两部分:一是多道分析器的研制,二是数据传输的关键技术研究。
在能谱测量中,核辐射探测器输出的脉冲信号幅度和入射粒子的能量成正比关系,因此测量这些脉冲的幅度,就可以知道辐射的能量。所以,能谱数据采集及处理技术在核辐射探测中是一个重要问题。现在,能谱数据采集普遍采用多道脉冲幅度分析器来完成。
据此本人以国土资源部科研项目为依托,研制了以PC/104嵌入式微机为控制核心的多道脉冲幅度分析器。
该仪器主要有以下性能特点:
(1) 以嵌入式微机为控制核心,实现了仪器的微机化;
(2) 在硬件上采用了高速A/D转换器件MAX174,提高了数据转换速度,能够完全满足野外现场测量的要求;
(3) 外围控制电路采用VHDL(Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language)编程后下载到现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)芯片,便于升级和移植;
(4) 由于DOS操作系统的单任务性,使得该仪器工作稳定、可靠;
(5) 可接收各种类型X、γ射线探测器的输出信号;
(6) 整机功耗低(与PC/104微机一起小于4.5W);
(7) 仪器重量轻(包括液晶显示器(LCD)、键盘和电源小于2千克);
经过初步测试,该仪器工作稳定可靠,线性良好,达到了预期目标。
从网络中获得现场测量数据有两方面的工作:一是保证数据安全可靠,我们可以通过对数据进行加密等保密措施来获得,另外数据传输的可靠性可以通过实施流量工程等方法来尽量提高数据的可靠性;二是数据到达分析中心,如何实时准确地获得所需数据,本文主要研究从网络上如何实时准确的获得现场数据。这个过程主要有两个方面的问题:(1) 从网络中实时地分理出所需数据;(2) 保存数据,由于现场测量数据量不大,这样对于存取来说可以暂且不考虑,只要保证数据存储起来即可。因此本文主要研究如何从网络中实时分离出所需数据,其中实时分离出所需数据的重点在于研究数据包的分类算法。其中从网络中实时地分
In energy spectrum surveying, we usually acquire site data by surveying in field. Because the instrument is big and weighty, it is discommodious. Nowadays, we acquire site data to transmit by internet, next, we may separate our data from internet. In the process, how to separate data is a very important problem, so packet classification algorithm is our emphases.In measurement of radioactivity, the pulse energy is directly proportional to the radiation detector output pulse signal amplitude. So we may know their energy by measuring their pulse amplitude, which is a very important question in measurement of radioactivity. At present the measurement of pulse amplitude is widely adopted using the Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA) to accomplish the measurement of radioactivity.I designed both hardware and software to develop the Multi-Channel Analyzer, of which the key is the PC/104 embedded computer. In a word, it has seven traits as follows:(1) The key of apparatus is the PC/104 embedded computer;(2) On the hardware, we introduce the high-speed A/D conversion component—AD 1674 to improve the MCA's conversion speed and meet the demand on the spot.;(3) On the peripheral circuit, we use the VHDL language to program and download to FPGA, which is convenient for upgrade and transplant.(4) At the same time owing to single-task DOS operating system, this makes the apparatus work more steady-going.(5) The Multi-Channel Analyzer can incept all kinds of X and y detector output signal;(6) The Multi-Channel Analyzer consumes low power (adding PC/104 computer for 4.5 watt);(7) The weight of the Multi-Channel Analyzer is light (including LCD, keyboard and battery for 2kg);The Multi-Channel Analyzer runs steady-going and good linearity by our preliminary testing and achieve anticipative aim.In energy spectrum surveying, we usually acquire site data by surveying in field. Because the instrument is big and weighty, it is discommodious. Nowadays, we acquire site data to transmit by internet, next, we may separate our data from internet. In the process, how to separate data is a very important problem, so packet classification algorithm is our emphases.
在能谱测量中,核辐射探测器输出的脉冲信号幅度和入射粒子的能量成正比关系,因此测量这些脉冲的幅度,就可以知道辐射的能量。所以,能谱数据采集及处理技术在核辐射探测中是一个重要问题。现在,能谱数据采集普遍采用多道脉冲幅度分析器来完成。
据此本人以国土资源部科研项目为依托,研制了以PC/104嵌入式微机为控制核心的多道脉冲幅度分析器。
该仪器主要有以下性能特点:
(1) 以嵌入式微机为控制核心,实现了仪器的微机化;
(2) 在硬件上采用了高速A/D转换器件MAX174,提高了数据转换速度,能够完全满足野外现场测量的要求;
(3) 外围控制电路采用VHDL(Very High Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language)编程后下载到现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)芯片,便于升级和移植;
(4) 由于DOS操作系统的单任务性,使得该仪器工作稳定、可靠;
(5) 可接收各种类型X、γ射线探测器的输出信号;
(6) 整机功耗低(与PC/104微机一起小于4.5W);
(7) 仪器重量轻(包括液晶显示器(LCD)、键盘和电源小于2千克);
经过初步测试,该仪器工作稳定可靠,线性良好,达到了预期目标。
从网络中获得现场测量数据有两方面的工作:一是保证数据安全可靠,我们可以通过对数据进行加密等保密措施来获得,另外数据传输的可靠性可以通过实施流量工程等方法来尽量提高数据的可靠性;二是数据到达分析中心,如何实时准确地获得所需数据,本文主要研究从网络上如何实时准确的获得现场数据。这个过程主要有两个方面的问题:(1) 从网络中实时地分理出所需数据;(2) 保存数据,由于现场测量数据量不大,这样对于存取来说可以暂且不考虑,只要保证数据存储起来即可。因此本文主要研究如何从网络中实时分离出所需数据,其中实时分离出所需数据的重点在于研究数据包的分类算法。其中从网络中实时地分
In energy spectrum surveying, we usually acquire site data by surveying in field. Because the instrument is big and weighty, it is discommodious. Nowadays, we acquire site data to transmit by internet, next, we may separate our data from internet. In the process, how to separate data is a very important problem, so packet classification algorithm is our emphases.In measurement of radioactivity, the pulse energy is directly proportional to the radiation detector output pulse signal amplitude. So we may know their energy by measuring their pulse amplitude, which is a very important question in measurement of radioactivity. At present the measurement of pulse amplitude is widely adopted using the Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA) to accomplish the measurement of radioactivity.I designed both hardware and software to develop the Multi-Channel Analyzer, of which the key is the PC/104 embedded computer. In a word, it has seven traits as follows:(1) The key of apparatus is the PC/104 embedded computer;(2) On the hardware, we introduce the high-speed A/D conversion component—AD 1674 to improve the MCA's conversion speed and meet the demand on the spot.;(3) On the peripheral circuit, we use the VHDL language to program and download to FPGA, which is convenient for upgrade and transplant.(4) At the same time owing to single-task DOS operating system, this makes the apparatus work more steady-going.(5) The Multi-Channel Analyzer can incept all kinds of X and y detector output signal;(6) The Multi-Channel Analyzer consumes low power (adding PC/104 computer for 4.5 watt);(7) The weight of the Multi-Channel Analyzer is light (including LCD, keyboard and battery for 2kg);The Multi-Channel Analyzer runs steady-going and good linearity by our preliminary testing and achieve anticipative aim.In energy spectrum surveying, we usually acquire site data by surveying in field. Because the instrument is big and weighty, it is discommodious. Nowadays, we acquire site data to transmit by internet, next, we may separate our data from internet. In the process, how to separate data is a very important problem, so packet classification algorithm is our emphases.
引文
[1] 贾文懿等.放射性测量(应用地球物理教程).北京:地质出版社,1991.
[2] N. Brownlee .RFC2123: Traffic Flow Measurement Experiences with NeTraMet, March 1997
[3] 李国栋.野外高灵敏度X荧光测量系统基础研究.成都理工学院博士论文,1994.
[4] 贾文懿,周蓉生.核方法全谱测量快速分析技术及应用研究,国土资源部科技报告,1999.
[5] 周蓉生.核地球物理勘察方法.北京:原子能出版社,1991.
[6] 周蓉生,瓦冈诺夫.核方法原理及应用.北京:地质出版社,1994.
[7] 贾文懿,周蓉生等.核方法全谱测量快速分析技术及其应用研究,科研报告,1999.
[8] 吴学超,冯正永.核物理实验数据处理.北京:原子能出版社,1988.
[9] 庞巨丰.γ能谱数据分析.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1990.
[10] 曹利国,周蓉生等编.核地球物理勘探查方法.北京:原子能出版社,1991.
[11] 刘乐善,欧阳星明,刘学清.微型计算机接口技术及应用[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2000.
[12] 王海霞,尚凤军,周蓉生.PC/104总线式多道脉冲幅度分析器的软、硬件探讨,成都理工大学学报,29(4):468～450,2002,04.
[13] 刘卓夫,彭侠夫,李福义等.FFGA在高速多通道数据采集中的应用.电测与仪表,39(442):42～44.
[14] 何惠如,王燕琼.使用硬件描述语言VHDL设计硬件电路[J].信息
[2] N. Brownlee .RFC2123: Traffic Flow Measurement Experiences with NeTraMet, March 1997
[3] 李国栋.野外高灵敏度X荧光测量系统基础研究.成都理工学院博士论文,1994.
[4] 贾文懿,周蓉生.核方法全谱测量快速分析技术及应用研究,国土资源部科技报告,1999.
[5] 周蓉生.核地球物理勘察方法.北京:原子能出版社,1991.
[6] 周蓉生,瓦冈诺夫.核方法原理及应用.北京:地质出版社,1994.
[7] 贾文懿,周蓉生等.核方法全谱测量快速分析技术及其应用研究,科研报告,1999.
[8] 吴学超,冯正永.核物理实验数据处理.北京:原子能出版社,1988.
[9] 庞巨丰.γ能谱数据分析.西安:陕西科学技术出版社,1990.
[10] 曹利国,周蓉生等编.核地球物理勘探查方法.北京:原子能出版社,1991.
[11] 刘乐善,欧阳星明,刘学清.微型计算机接口技术及应用[M].武汉:华中理工大学出版社,2000.
[12] 王海霞,尚凤军,周蓉生.PC/104总线式多道脉冲幅度分析器的软、硬件探讨,成都理工大学学报,29(4):468～450,2002,04.
[13] 刘卓夫,彭侠夫,李福义等.FFGA在高速多通道数据采集中的应用.电测与仪表,39(442):42～44.
[14] 何惠如,王燕琼.使用硬件描述语言VHDL设计硬件电路[J].信息