面向业务的空间信息服务应用开发体系链
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摘要
本论文依托国家863项目“支持跨平台的空间分析模型框架与应用系统快速构建环境研究”和国家发改委项目“自然资源和地理空间基础信息库项目数据集成处理系统”、“武汉城市圈国土资源卫星遥感高技术产业化综合应用示范工程”,归纳上游的国家空间信息基础设施建设需求,中游的国家重大行业应用工程建设需求,下游的国家空间信息产业化需求,提出面向业务的空间信息服务应用开发体系链以解决国家级大型项目建设实施过程中,资源异构、系统协同、构建复杂、集成部署等实际问题。
针对需要解决的问题,论文围绕应用开发体系链的三个关键支撑技术展开研究。将空间分析建模技术的发展历程划分为利用工作流技术实现可视化模型搭建、利用脚本和形式化语言实现业务模型的精确定量化、利用空间算子扩展优化平衡模型复杂度三个阶段；将GIS应用系统开发技术的发展历程划分为函数接口、组件化、可视化搭建三个阶段,提出单一的编程开发环境、单一的专业模型管理环境在GIS应用系统快速开发方面有其局限性,因此,迫切需要一个能够结合它们优势应用,跨开发语言、跨GIS平台的GIS应用系统集成构建环境；提出利用跨区域权限协同技术解决权限控制图元级数据粒度和跨区域授权不同的实际业务问题。提出业务模型和系统框架的设计过程由繁琐到简化、模型定义由粗犷到精细、支撑环境由同构到异构、研发环境由单一到集成的发展趋势,提出基于复用的领域模型建模、模型协同分析以及模型资源同构化调度、集成部署等有待进一步研究的问题。
其主要研究内容及创新点：
1)抽取国家级大型项目建设过程中面向业务的空间信息服务开发、部署和扩展的一般模式,提出面向业务的空间信息服务应用开发体系链。集成规范体系链元素上,提出一套服务开发和资源集成管理规范,将规范的适用场景与空间信息服务集成开发管理流程的不同阶段进行了映射；资源体系链元素上,利用功能仓库集成有序管理多粒度异构功能；集成开发体系链元素上,提出悬浮倒挂式支撑平台架构和一组系统开发和维护工具,研究遵循集成开发规范的基于功能仓库的资源调度、功能服务聚合与协同、异构资源融合、目录资源汇聚以及多粒度功能组织的功能仓库关键技术,并结合集成开发规范和关键研究技术,定义集成开发和维护工具；集成部署体系链元素上,研究部署模式和运营模式,提出基于一个数据中心基础单元的数据和功能是完备的原则,通过数据交换实现数据资源迁移到功能资源所处位置,从而完成数据处理请求。或者在数据资源分布式管理的基础上,将处理数据的相关功能与相应的数据资源部署在同一节点,客户端通过发出调用处理请求实现功能的远程调用。
2)研究空间分析动态建模技术,利用动态目录服务技术实现逻辑调度层面异构资源集成管理,提出基于关系代数的理论构建可扩展的复合算子,实现目录规则驱动的解析,形式化描述资源目录树的动态表达；利用中间件技术实现基于语义层面的异构资源融合；利用工作流技术实现同构资源的聚合,提出空间信息功能模型实例化可以划分为概念模型阶段的规则实例化、逻辑模型阶段的功能实例化、物理模型阶段的模型实例化三个阶段；将有向图理论作为模型逻辑图定义和形式化转换函数构建的数学基础,利用基于图论的形式化语言和工作流建模规范构建模型逻辑图的形式化转换规则；以地图代数作为空间信息模型优化的数学基础,利用空间算子重载的方式实现对空间算子语义的扩充,提高算子内部的聚合度,优化平衡模型复杂度,支持基于空间算子粒度级别的功能流程搭建。
3)研究跨区域权限协同技术,提出基于规则驱动的权限授权机制和基于GUID的隐式资源调度控制架构,提出工作流动态环境下的权限资源绑定方法,静态环境下构造授权算子形式化描述权限资源绑定模型。
本文提出的面向业务的空间信息服务应用开发体系链相当于云计算的PaaS层建设。此外,本文探索空间信息产业化的运营模式相当于云计算的SaaS层建设,其面临的最大问题是用户差异化。
总之,本文从业务用户、服务开发者以及资源需求的角度出发,提出的面向业务的空间信息服务应用开发体系链在实际的国家级大型项目建设实施中得到应用,解决由于基于的GIS平台不同造成的数据资源、功能资源异构的问题；解决由于资源的分布性和动态性造成的需要多个业务部门协同完成复杂分析处理的问题；解决领域专业模型依赖求解算法,构建过程复杂的问题；解决由多家厂商各自开发的系统集成部署的问题。最终的目的是实现建模共享,解决了不同层面的用户在面临系统维护情况时不再依赖原有的服务开发商。
With the high-tech industrialization of earth observation satellite remote sensing and the implementation of digital earth strategy, in spatial information field, from based on topology data model, simple feature data model to rule-based data model, the spatial data model have been developed relatively mature. In order to solve the situation of heterogeneous resources, system collaboration, building complex, and integration deployment in the large-scale project implementation process, this paper proposed a method for simplifying the design process of business model and system framework, fining the model definition, supporting the heterogeneous and integrated development environment. The main research and innovation contents were as follows:
1) This paper abstracted the general model for developing, deploying, and extending business-oriented spatial information service and then presented application development system chain to build open integration environment providing resource integration management, function modeling, and application system building and integration deployment. This chain included four elements, classified as standards and specifications system, resources system, development system, and deployment system. Based on a flexible architecture termed suspended inversion model, the chain introduced the conception of development model and function warehouse, defined the hierarchical relation of service development and user group, integrated a set of specifications including services development and resources integration management, a set of tools including services development and maintenance, deployment model, and operation model, and finally formed advantage applications.
2) At present, the problems we faced the basic spatial analysis model could not satisfy the industry application, the industry-oriented heterogeneous spatial analysis model depends on solution algorithm and then its construction is complex. Therefore, this paper studied the dynamic modeling technology of cross-platform spatial analysis to solve isomorphism scheduling of the heterogeneous resource and collaborative analysis of business model. In model construction logic aspect, the workflow technology was applied in geo-processing to visually construct business model framework. The script and formal language was used to precisely and quantitatively express control logic of business model. By overloading, spatial operators were extended to improve their internal polymerization degree, balance the complexity of logic model, and optimize model. In model resource scheduling aspect, the dynamic catalogue service technology was adopted to integrate and manage the heterogeneous spatial resource based on logic scheduling level. The middleware technology was used to integrate heterogeneous data sources driven and realize the polymerization of heterogeneous function. The workflow technology was used to schedule and build multi-granularity functions to process the heterogeneous spatial objects and realize function fusion.
3) This paper studied integration building environment technology to integrate the heterogeneous system and visually build the GIS application system. The component technology was used to construct integration framework of domain business model. The visualization building technology was used to construct framework and interface. The framework-plug-in model was used to realize run-time reuse based on system-level and then reduce the difficulty of system building. The integration building environment can be divided into design-time development and run-time development. The latter supported independent interface expression, data processing, and function model expansion. The standardized process of system integration modeling concretely represented the instantiation of modeling process, including rules instantiation of conceptual model stage, function instantiation of logic model stage, and model instantiation of physical model stage.
4) In a multi-sector collaborative work of dynamic environment, due to spatial resources flowing between different departments, this paper proposed cross-regional authority collaborative technology to completely solve the geographic entities granularity based authority control and cross-regional different authorization issues. This technology introduced workflow technology and analyzed the object and operation type of access control to extend role-based access control model. Based on implicit resource scheduling mechanism, authority-resource binding model was abstracted to finish authorization of data access and function executive control and to effectively simplify the complexity of authority scheduling.
5) In the large-scale project implementation process, in order to integrate spatial information services which multi-vendor developed based on different GIS platform, this paper presented a set of specifications termed services development and resources integration management in the chain element of standards and specifications system. These specifications included five specifications, classified as resource access call, catalogue rules-driven, middleware development, plug-in and component development, and workflow modeling. When we used function warehouse to integrate and manage the heterogeneous functions, we usually faced with the problems of heterogeneous function isomorphism, function integration and management, and function discovery. In the reusing function process, we need solve the problems of development and maintenance of reusable function, visualization building of application system based on reusable function. Therefore, this paper proposed a set of tools termed service development and maintenance in the chain element of development system. These tools included five tools, classified as framework interface design, resource catalogue design, authority-resource binding, middleware extension manager, and workflow integration.
针对需要解决的问题,论文围绕应用开发体系链的三个关键支撑技术展开研究。将空间分析建模技术的发展历程划分为利用工作流技术实现可视化模型搭建、利用脚本和形式化语言实现业务模型的精确定量化、利用空间算子扩展优化平衡模型复杂度三个阶段；将GIS应用系统开发技术的发展历程划分为函数接口、组件化、可视化搭建三个阶段,提出单一的编程开发环境、单一的专业模型管理环境在GIS应用系统快速开发方面有其局限性,因此,迫切需要一个能够结合它们优势应用,跨开发语言、跨GIS平台的GIS应用系统集成构建环境；提出利用跨区域权限协同技术解决权限控制图元级数据粒度和跨区域授权不同的实际业务问题。提出业务模型和系统框架的设计过程由繁琐到简化、模型定义由粗犷到精细、支撑环境由同构到异构、研发环境由单一到集成的发展趋势,提出基于复用的领域模型建模、模型协同分析以及模型资源同构化调度、集成部署等有待进一步研究的问题。
其主要研究内容及创新点：
1)抽取国家级大型项目建设过程中面向业务的空间信息服务开发、部署和扩展的一般模式,提出面向业务的空间信息服务应用开发体系链。集成规范体系链元素上,提出一套服务开发和资源集成管理规范,将规范的适用场景与空间信息服务集成开发管理流程的不同阶段进行了映射；资源体系链元素上,利用功能仓库集成有序管理多粒度异构功能；集成开发体系链元素上,提出悬浮倒挂式支撑平台架构和一组系统开发和维护工具,研究遵循集成开发规范的基于功能仓库的资源调度、功能服务聚合与协同、异构资源融合、目录资源汇聚以及多粒度功能组织的功能仓库关键技术,并结合集成开发规范和关键研究技术,定义集成开发和维护工具；集成部署体系链元素上,研究部署模式和运营模式,提出基于一个数据中心基础单元的数据和功能是完备的原则,通过数据交换实现数据资源迁移到功能资源所处位置,从而完成数据处理请求。或者在数据资源分布式管理的基础上,将处理数据的相关功能与相应的数据资源部署在同一节点,客户端通过发出调用处理请求实现功能的远程调用。
2)研究空间分析动态建模技术,利用动态目录服务技术实现逻辑调度层面异构资源集成管理,提出基于关系代数的理论构建可扩展的复合算子,实现目录规则驱动的解析,形式化描述资源目录树的动态表达；利用中间件技术实现基于语义层面的异构资源融合；利用工作流技术实现同构资源的聚合,提出空间信息功能模型实例化可以划分为概念模型阶段的规则实例化、逻辑模型阶段的功能实例化、物理模型阶段的模型实例化三个阶段；将有向图理论作为模型逻辑图定义和形式化转换函数构建的数学基础,利用基于图论的形式化语言和工作流建模规范构建模型逻辑图的形式化转换规则；以地图代数作为空间信息模型优化的数学基础,利用空间算子重载的方式实现对空间算子语义的扩充,提高算子内部的聚合度,优化平衡模型复杂度,支持基于空间算子粒度级别的功能流程搭建。
3)研究跨区域权限协同技术,提出基于规则驱动的权限授权机制和基于GUID的隐式资源调度控制架构,提出工作流动态环境下的权限资源绑定方法,静态环境下构造授权算子形式化描述权限资源绑定模型。
本文提出的面向业务的空间信息服务应用开发体系链相当于云计算的PaaS层建设。此外,本文探索空间信息产业化的运营模式相当于云计算的SaaS层建设,其面临的最大问题是用户差异化。
总之,本文从业务用户、服务开发者以及资源需求的角度出发,提出的面向业务的空间信息服务应用开发体系链在实际的国家级大型项目建设实施中得到应用,解决由于基于的GIS平台不同造成的数据资源、功能资源异构的问题；解决由于资源的分布性和动态性造成的需要多个业务部门协同完成复杂分析处理的问题；解决领域专业模型依赖求解算法,构建过程复杂的问题；解决由多家厂商各自开发的系统集成部署的问题。最终的目的是实现建模共享,解决了不同层面的用户在面临系统维护情况时不再依赖原有的服务开发商。
With the high-tech industrialization of earth observation satellite remote sensing and the implementation of digital earth strategy, in spatial information field, from based on topology data model, simple feature data model to rule-based data model, the spatial data model have been developed relatively mature. In order to solve the situation of heterogeneous resources, system collaboration, building complex, and integration deployment in the large-scale project implementation process, this paper proposed a method for simplifying the design process of business model and system framework, fining the model definition, supporting the heterogeneous and integrated development environment. The main research and innovation contents were as follows:
1) This paper abstracted the general model for developing, deploying, and extending business-oriented spatial information service and then presented application development system chain to build open integration environment providing resource integration management, function modeling, and application system building and integration deployment. This chain included four elements, classified as standards and specifications system, resources system, development system, and deployment system. Based on a flexible architecture termed suspended inversion model, the chain introduced the conception of development model and function warehouse, defined the hierarchical relation of service development and user group, integrated a set of specifications including services development and resources integration management, a set of tools including services development and maintenance, deployment model, and operation model, and finally formed advantage applications.
2) At present, the problems we faced the basic spatial analysis model could not satisfy the industry application, the industry-oriented heterogeneous spatial analysis model depends on solution algorithm and then its construction is complex. Therefore, this paper studied the dynamic modeling technology of cross-platform spatial analysis to solve isomorphism scheduling of the heterogeneous resource and collaborative analysis of business model. In model construction logic aspect, the workflow technology was applied in geo-processing to visually construct business model framework. The script and formal language was used to precisely and quantitatively express control logic of business model. By overloading, spatial operators were extended to improve their internal polymerization degree, balance the complexity of logic model, and optimize model. In model resource scheduling aspect, the dynamic catalogue service technology was adopted to integrate and manage the heterogeneous spatial resource based on logic scheduling level. The middleware technology was used to integrate heterogeneous data sources driven and realize the polymerization of heterogeneous function. The workflow technology was used to schedule and build multi-granularity functions to process the heterogeneous spatial objects and realize function fusion.
3) This paper studied integration building environment technology to integrate the heterogeneous system and visually build the GIS application system. The component technology was used to construct integration framework of domain business model. The visualization building technology was used to construct framework and interface. The framework-plug-in model was used to realize run-time reuse based on system-level and then reduce the difficulty of system building. The integration building environment can be divided into design-time development and run-time development. The latter supported independent interface expression, data processing, and function model expansion. The standardized process of system integration modeling concretely represented the instantiation of modeling process, including rules instantiation of conceptual model stage, function instantiation of logic model stage, and model instantiation of physical model stage.
4) In a multi-sector collaborative work of dynamic environment, due to spatial resources flowing between different departments, this paper proposed cross-regional authority collaborative technology to completely solve the geographic entities granularity based authority control and cross-regional different authorization issues. This technology introduced workflow technology and analyzed the object and operation type of access control to extend role-based access control model. Based on implicit resource scheduling mechanism, authority-resource binding model was abstracted to finish authorization of data access and function executive control and to effectively simplify the complexity of authority scheduling.
5) In the large-scale project implementation process, in order to integrate spatial information services which multi-vendor developed based on different GIS platform, this paper presented a set of specifications termed services development and resources integration management in the chain element of standards and specifications system. These specifications included five specifications, classified as resource access call, catalogue rules-driven, middleware development, plug-in and component development, and workflow modeling. When we used function warehouse to integrate and manage the heterogeneous functions, we usually faced with the problems of heterogeneous function isomorphism, function integration and management, and function discovery. In the reusing function process, we need solve the problems of development and maintenance of reusable function, visualization building of application system based on reusable function. Therefore, this paper proposed a set of tools termed service development and maintenance in the chain element of development system. These tools included five tools, classified as framework interface design, resource catalogue design, authority-resource binding, middleware extension manager, and workflow integration.
引文
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