驱动轴承内嵌式涡旋压缩机特性研究
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摘要
涡旋压缩机是一种新型高效、低噪的容积式压缩机,它与其它形式的压缩机相比较在许多方面有着较大的优势,已引起国内外研究者的普遍重视,随着计算机技术的发展和加工制造技术的日趋完善,涡旋压缩机已广泛应用于制冷空调、动力工程等领域,目前逐渐向大气量、大功率的方向发展,应用领域也随之扩大。涡旋压缩机由于自身的结构特点,其优势潜力并没有完全挖掘出来,在涡旋压缩机内部存在着许多摩擦副,这些摩擦副不但增加压缩机的功耗,而且摩擦产生的热量又直接影响着压缩机的性能;压缩机内部的泄漏也是影响压缩机性能的主要因素;深入系统地研究各摩擦副的运动规律、摩擦机理以及泄漏损失等,建立更为准确的数学模型,可以为寻求节能降耗的方法,拓宽涡旋压缩机的应用领域提供较好的理论参考。本文依托国家863项目协作课题“汽车燃料电池用无油润滑涡旋压缩机”和甘肃省自然基金项目“汽车燃料电池用涡旋压缩机理论及应用研究”,以驱动轴承内嵌式涡旋压缩机为研究对象系统地分析了压缩机的几何理论、动力学特性、间隙泄漏、传热模型和摩擦副摩擦润滑特性等。
首先根据驱动轴承内嵌式涡旋压缩机动、静涡旋齿型线内圈被切割的几何特点,使用涡旋齿型线终端中心面展角和涡旋齿型线始端中心面展角两个特征几何参数,建立了适用于涡旋齿圈数为整数圈和非整数圈结构型式的涡旋压缩机吸气容积、排气容积、容积比、未封闭吸气容积等几何参数的数学模型。
在全面分析压缩机的结构、影响压缩机性能及工作过程的各种影响因素基础上,建立了考虑内部泄漏的压缩机工作过程热力学模型,并通过对小间隙气体泄漏特点的研究,依据流体力学N-S方程、连续方程、状态方程等,建立了涡旋压缩机内部切向泄漏、径向泄漏以及动涡旋与支架体间的泄漏数学模型。
基于涡旋压缩机平行四杆机构的工作原理,应用机构学理论,建立了动、静涡旋径向泄漏间隙以及由于机构误差的影响引起径向间隙变化数学模型,分析了径向间隙随曲轴转角的变化规律,依据研究模型进行了分析计算。
应用润滑理论和流体力学理论,对压缩机润滑系统进行了分析研究,建立了润滑系统润滑油流量分配模型;并分析了主要运动部件的摩擦特点,给出了摩擦功率计算式;针对涡旋压缩机内部摩擦副多的特点,对压缩机的摩擦副进行了分类和分析,建立了曲轴与支架体缝隙间润滑油摩擦副,动、静涡旋齿侧面啮合摩擦副的分析模型和摩擦功耗数学模型,并应用粗糙表面平均雷诺方程和固体壁面接触理论分析了动、静涡旋盘端面摩擦副,建立了摩擦学分析模型和数学模型,在混合润滑状态下,分别对流体和固体壁面作用力进行了研究和计算。
从机构学的角度对涡旋压缩机的构成进行了研究和简化,依据涡旋压缩机构件和运动副的类型,建立了涡旋压缩机的机构运动学分析模型,并对模型进行了分析研究。
通过试验样机的性能试验和性能参数测量,对实验结果和计算结果进行了比较分析,两者吻合情况较好,并进一步分析了转速、压力等对涡旋压缩机性能的影响以及后续研究工作的展望。
As a new high performance, low noise and high reliability positive displacement device, scroll compressor, which has been widely attached importance to the domestic and overseas scholars, has a unique advantage compared with other types of compressor. With the development of computer technology and modern manufacture techniques, the scroll compressor has been used in the area of air conditioning, power engineering, scroll expansion machine, scroll vacuum pump, scroll liquid pump, nature gas scroll compressor and scroll engine as well, and the demands for larger displacement volume and bigger power scroll compressor are increasing year by year. The potential advantages of scroll compressor are not dredged up completely, because of friction and leakage losses in scroll compressor, its performance can be improved highly. The mechanical friction waste work and leakage losses are the main factors that influence the performance of scroll compressors. It is important that the more exact mathematic models are founded for friction and leakage losses. The investigation, which are on geometric theory, dynamics characteristics, friction and leakage losses for the scroll compressor with driving bearing set in the orbiting scroll, are supported by the foundations of nation 863 plans, which the oilless scroll compressor for fuel cell of vehicle, and Gansu province nature science, which the study of theory and application on scroll compressor for fuel cell of vehicle.
The two parameters, which are the ending angle and the starting angle for midline of scroll wrap thickness are used for setting up formulae for the suction volume, discharge volume, build-in volume ratio, suction commence angle and discharging commence angle and so on. Not only can these be calculated the parameters of integer circle number scroll compressor, but these can be calculated the parameters of non-integer circle number scroll compressor.
According to the N-S Equation, Continuance Equation, State Equation of Hydrodynamics, the mathematic models of leakage are made for the radial clearance, the axial clearance and the clearance between orbiting scroll and framework, by studying the features of gas leakage in the small gap.
On the basis of working principle of machine with parallel four staffs, the mathematic model of radial clearance changing with machine errors is founded, by applied the theory of mechanics.
Through the analysis on lubricating system of scroll compressor, and applying theories of lubricating and hydrodynamics, the model of rate of flow of lubrication is made. On the basis of overall and deep analysis on the structure of the scroll compressor with driving bearing set in the orbiting scroll, the friction pairs are sorted. The average Reynolds equation for the rough surface and the Solid Contact Theory are applied to analyze contacts state between the orbiting and fixed scroll plates, and the analyzing model and the mathematic models are established for the oil film pressure, the solid contact force, the fluid frictional force and the solid shearing drag force, and the calculating results are given by numerical calculation.
The components of scroll compressor are analyzed by applied mechanism theory and the simplification model is made. According to the types of components and kinematical pairs of scroll compressor, it's the model of components kinematics analysis is founded.
A test scroll compressor is designed and developed. The calculating results and performance parameters of compressor agreed with the test results.
首先根据驱动轴承内嵌式涡旋压缩机动、静涡旋齿型线内圈被切割的几何特点,使用涡旋齿型线终端中心面展角和涡旋齿型线始端中心面展角两个特征几何参数,建立了适用于涡旋齿圈数为整数圈和非整数圈结构型式的涡旋压缩机吸气容积、排气容积、容积比、未封闭吸气容积等几何参数的数学模型。
在全面分析压缩机的结构、影响压缩机性能及工作过程的各种影响因素基础上,建立了考虑内部泄漏的压缩机工作过程热力学模型,并通过对小间隙气体泄漏特点的研究,依据流体力学N-S方程、连续方程、状态方程等,建立了涡旋压缩机内部切向泄漏、径向泄漏以及动涡旋与支架体间的泄漏数学模型。
基于涡旋压缩机平行四杆机构的工作原理,应用机构学理论,建立了动、静涡旋径向泄漏间隙以及由于机构误差的影响引起径向间隙变化数学模型,分析了径向间隙随曲轴转角的变化规律,依据研究模型进行了分析计算。
应用润滑理论和流体力学理论,对压缩机润滑系统进行了分析研究,建立了润滑系统润滑油流量分配模型;并分析了主要运动部件的摩擦特点,给出了摩擦功率计算式;针对涡旋压缩机内部摩擦副多的特点,对压缩机的摩擦副进行了分类和分析,建立了曲轴与支架体缝隙间润滑油摩擦副,动、静涡旋齿侧面啮合摩擦副的分析模型和摩擦功耗数学模型,并应用粗糙表面平均雷诺方程和固体壁面接触理论分析了动、静涡旋盘端面摩擦副,建立了摩擦学分析模型和数学模型,在混合润滑状态下,分别对流体和固体壁面作用力进行了研究和计算。
从机构学的角度对涡旋压缩机的构成进行了研究和简化,依据涡旋压缩机构件和运动副的类型,建立了涡旋压缩机的机构运动学分析模型,并对模型进行了分析研究。
通过试验样机的性能试验和性能参数测量,对实验结果和计算结果进行了比较分析,两者吻合情况较好,并进一步分析了转速、压力等对涡旋压缩机性能的影响以及后续研究工作的展望。
As a new high performance, low noise and high reliability positive displacement device, scroll compressor, which has been widely attached importance to the domestic and overseas scholars, has a unique advantage compared with other types of compressor. With the development of computer technology and modern manufacture techniques, the scroll compressor has been used in the area of air conditioning, power engineering, scroll expansion machine, scroll vacuum pump, scroll liquid pump, nature gas scroll compressor and scroll engine as well, and the demands for larger displacement volume and bigger power scroll compressor are increasing year by year. The potential advantages of scroll compressor are not dredged up completely, because of friction and leakage losses in scroll compressor, its performance can be improved highly. The mechanical friction waste work and leakage losses are the main factors that influence the performance of scroll compressors. It is important that the more exact mathematic models are founded for friction and leakage losses. The investigation, which are on geometric theory, dynamics characteristics, friction and leakage losses for the scroll compressor with driving bearing set in the orbiting scroll, are supported by the foundations of nation 863 plans, which the oilless scroll compressor for fuel cell of vehicle, and Gansu province nature science, which the study of theory and application on scroll compressor for fuel cell of vehicle.
The two parameters, which are the ending angle and the starting angle for midline of scroll wrap thickness are used for setting up formulae for the suction volume, discharge volume, build-in volume ratio, suction commence angle and discharging commence angle and so on. Not only can these be calculated the parameters of integer circle number scroll compressor, but these can be calculated the parameters of non-integer circle number scroll compressor.
According to the N-S Equation, Continuance Equation, State Equation of Hydrodynamics, the mathematic models of leakage are made for the radial clearance, the axial clearance and the clearance between orbiting scroll and framework, by studying the features of gas leakage in the small gap.
On the basis of working principle of machine with parallel four staffs, the mathematic model of radial clearance changing with machine errors is founded, by applied the theory of mechanics.
Through the analysis on lubricating system of scroll compressor, and applying theories of lubricating and hydrodynamics, the model of rate of flow of lubrication is made. On the basis of overall and deep analysis on the structure of the scroll compressor with driving bearing set in the orbiting scroll, the friction pairs are sorted. The average Reynolds equation for the rough surface and the Solid Contact Theory are applied to analyze contacts state between the orbiting and fixed scroll plates, and the analyzing model and the mathematic models are established for the oil film pressure, the solid contact force, the fluid frictional force and the solid shearing drag force, and the calculating results are given by numerical calculation.
The components of scroll compressor are analyzed by applied mechanism theory and the simplification model is made. According to the types of components and kinematical pairs of scroll compressor, it's the model of components kinematics analysis is founded.
A test scroll compressor is designed and developed. The calculating results and performance parameters of compressor agreed with the test results.
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