基于群决策理论的交通信号控制技术研究
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摘要
随着社会的发展和技术的进步,交通运输网络日趋完善。然而,交通工具数量的迅猛增长,使得城市道路交通拥堵问题在较大程度上影响着人们的正常生活,并对社会造成了巨大的物质与经济损失。因此,根据实时的交通信息制定适当的交通信号控制策略,达到改善交通秩序、缓解交通拥堵和提高交通出行效率的目的,已成为现今社会中亟待解决的热点问题。作为交通信号控制领域内最具实际意义的干道信号协调控制与路网区域信号协调控制,对其进行深入研究有着十分重要的理论和技术意义。
为准确描述影响交通信号控制效果的基本参数,对控制效果做出合理的评价,由上而下从路网、路段与交叉口以及常用交通参数指标三个层面构建了城市道路交通状态评价指标体系,并通过提出交通状态判别的技术路线,以确定在评价指标参数的基础上对交通运行状况进行分析的基本流程;其次,通过系统分析现有干道信号协调控制算法中的优缺点,归纳得出以往研究方法中主要问题之一在于无法准确获取当前交通运行状况下最优的控制方案。文中提出的方法综合群决策理论在信息集结和方案寻优等方面所存在的优势以及双层规划理论在对交通控制延误模型和群决策模型进行较好地结合的优越性,构建起以平均延误时间和路段平均行驶速度为评价指标的改进信号控制算法,并利用实时获取的交通数据和遗传算法对模型进行求解和验证;再次,考虑到路网内包括过多的交叉口将导致信号协调控制方案难以实施,需要将整个区域划分成多个独立的子区分别进行控制,因此利用群决策理论和支持向量机算法,综合考虑相邻交叉口间距、路段交通饱和度和信号配时参数等因素的影响,提出用于表示子区划分判断依据的“分离/合并系数”的概念,使对于问题的描述得以更加客观和实际,并在此基础上建立起改进的协调控制子区划分模型;最后,利用VISSIM仿真软件对文中提出的干道信号协调控制与协调控制子区划分两种方法进行验证,实验结果表明研究成果具有一定的有效性和实用性。
With the social development and technological advances, transportation networks are becoming increasingly maturing. The rapid growth in transportation volume has making urban traffic congestion impacted on human’s normal life to a large extent, and has causing huge material and economic losses to the society. Consequently, establishing appropriate traffic signal control strategies based on real-time traffic information, for the purpose of improving traffic order, easing traffic congestion and raising traffic travel efficiency, has become a hot issue in modern society which need to be solved urgently. Arterial and regional signal coordinated control as the most meaningful research method in traffic signal controlling area, which makes study on them has essential theoretical and technical significance.
To accurately describe the basic parameters which making influence on traffic signal control, and to set out reasonable assessment to controlling effects, urban road traffic evaluation system has been built by road network, intersection and commonly used traffic parameters indicators of three levels from top to down, in addition, propose technical route of traffic state classification to determine the basic procedure of traffic operational analysis on the basis of evaluation parameters. Secondly, systematically analyze existing advantages and disadvantages in arterial signal coordination control algorithm, conclude that one of the main problem in the past research method is the difficulty in accurately getting optimal control scheme under current traffic operational status. The method proposed in the paper integrate superiority in group decision making theory of information gathering and scheme optimizing and the advantage in bi-level programming model in betterly combining traffic control delay method and group decision making model, build up improved signal control algorithm by evaluation factors of average delay time and average travel speed, use real-time traffic data and genetic algorithms to solve and validation the model; Thirdly, because of excessive intersection in road network will result in difficulty to implement signal coordination control scheme, which need to divide the entire region into multiple independent sub-areas and control respectively, so consider the influence by the distance between adjacent intersections, road traffic saturation and signal timing parameters and some other factors, propose―separation / merge factor‖concept to represent judgment basis for sub-area division by the use of group decision making theory and support vector machine algorithm, which makes description of problem more objective and practical, and establish an improved coordinated control sub-area division model on this basis. Finally, VISSIM simulation software is used in verifying arterial signal coordination control and sub-area division method proposed in the paper, the results show that experimental achievements have a certain vadility and practicality.
为准确描述影响交通信号控制效果的基本参数,对控制效果做出合理的评价,由上而下从路网、路段与交叉口以及常用交通参数指标三个层面构建了城市道路交通状态评价指标体系,并通过提出交通状态判别的技术路线,以确定在评价指标参数的基础上对交通运行状况进行分析的基本流程;其次,通过系统分析现有干道信号协调控制算法中的优缺点,归纳得出以往研究方法中主要问题之一在于无法准确获取当前交通运行状况下最优的控制方案。文中提出的方法综合群决策理论在信息集结和方案寻优等方面所存在的优势以及双层规划理论在对交通控制延误模型和群决策模型进行较好地结合的优越性,构建起以平均延误时间和路段平均行驶速度为评价指标的改进信号控制算法,并利用实时获取的交通数据和遗传算法对模型进行求解和验证;再次,考虑到路网内包括过多的交叉口将导致信号协调控制方案难以实施,需要将整个区域划分成多个独立的子区分别进行控制,因此利用群决策理论和支持向量机算法,综合考虑相邻交叉口间距、路段交通饱和度和信号配时参数等因素的影响,提出用于表示子区划分判断依据的“分离/合并系数”的概念,使对于问题的描述得以更加客观和实际,并在此基础上建立起改进的协调控制子区划分模型;最后,利用VISSIM仿真软件对文中提出的干道信号协调控制与协调控制子区划分两种方法进行验证,实验结果表明研究成果具有一定的有效性和实用性。
With the social development and technological advances, transportation networks are becoming increasingly maturing. The rapid growth in transportation volume has making urban traffic congestion impacted on human’s normal life to a large extent, and has causing huge material and economic losses to the society. Consequently, establishing appropriate traffic signal control strategies based on real-time traffic information, for the purpose of improving traffic order, easing traffic congestion and raising traffic travel efficiency, has become a hot issue in modern society which need to be solved urgently. Arterial and regional signal coordinated control as the most meaningful research method in traffic signal controlling area, which makes study on them has essential theoretical and technical significance.
To accurately describe the basic parameters which making influence on traffic signal control, and to set out reasonable assessment to controlling effects, urban road traffic evaluation system has been built by road network, intersection and commonly used traffic parameters indicators of three levels from top to down, in addition, propose technical route of traffic state classification to determine the basic procedure of traffic operational analysis on the basis of evaluation parameters. Secondly, systematically analyze existing advantages and disadvantages in arterial signal coordination control algorithm, conclude that one of the main problem in the past research method is the difficulty in accurately getting optimal control scheme under current traffic operational status. The method proposed in the paper integrate superiority in group decision making theory of information gathering and scheme optimizing and the advantage in bi-level programming model in betterly combining traffic control delay method and group decision making model, build up improved signal control algorithm by evaluation factors of average delay time and average travel speed, use real-time traffic data and genetic algorithms to solve and validation the model; Thirdly, because of excessive intersection in road network will result in difficulty to implement signal coordination control scheme, which need to divide the entire region into multiple independent sub-areas and control respectively, so consider the influence by the distance between adjacent intersections, road traffic saturation and signal timing parameters and some other factors, propose―separation / merge factor‖concept to represent judgment basis for sub-area division by the use of group decision making theory and support vector machine algorithm, which makes description of problem more objective and practical, and establish an improved coordinated control sub-area division model on this basis. Finally, VISSIM simulation software is used in verifying arterial signal coordination control and sub-area division method proposed in the paper, the results show that experimental achievements have a certain vadility and practicality.
引文
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[7]徐泽水,赵华.偏好信息为模糊互反判断矩阵的模糊多属性决策法[J].模糊系统与数学,2004,18(4):115-121
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[18] Mariagrazia Dotoli, Maria Pia Fanti and Carlo Meloni. A signal timing plan formulation for urban traffic control. Control Engineering Practice, Volume 14, Issue 11, November 2006, Pages 1297-1311.
[19] Takashi Nagatani. Clustering and maximal flow in vehicular traffic through a sequence of traffic lights. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Volume 377, Issue 2, 15 April 2007, Pages 651-660.
[20]裴玉龙,孙明哲,董向辉.城市主干路交叉口信号协调控制系统设计研究.交通运输工程与信息学报,2004,Vol.2, NO.2, Pages 41-46.
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