舰船抗沉辅助决策系统研究
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摘要
现代海战中,随着精确制导武器的广泛应用,舰船遭受攻击后破损进水的概率明显增加。一旦进水事故发生,往往伴随着舰船的浮性、稳性变差,严重时甚至会因为完全丧失储备浮力或因稳性不足而倾覆,直接威胁舰船生命力。生命力作为舰船的一个特性,并不是在战斗环境下所特有的,平时也可能因为各种航海事故和火灾而引起破损进水,甚至倾覆沉没。如何有效地保障生命力和正确处置各种损害是亟待解决的问题,需要决策者根据舰船的破损状态迅速做出抗沉决策,而传统的抗沉辅助决策过程很难满足应急响应时的决策需要。因此抗沉指挥和决策的自动化已成为当前舰船安全技术发展的一个重要趋势,拥有完善的抗沉辅助决策系统将有助于舰船指挥员最大可能地恢复舰船的生命力和战斗力。旨在提高舰船的生命力而进行的抗沉辅助决策研究具有举足轻重的作用。
为此,作为舰船抗沉辅助决策的初步探索,本文主要研究了以下几个方面：
(1)研究了舰船破损后浮态、初稳性高、大倾角稳性及抗风能力的实时计算方法。重点研究了破损载况的实时计算方法,舰船破损后最小初稳性高的计算方法,破损后储备浮力的实时计算方法以及舰船不沉性的实时计算系统开发。
(2)构建了以模型库系统为主,数据库系统,知识库系统和人机交互系统并重的舰船抗沉辅助决策系统。分别探讨了破损后初稳性高为正和为负的情况下需要采取的抗沉措施。针对破损后初稳性高为负的情况分析了不对称进水时两种基本状态需要采取的抗沉措施。重点研究了破损后初稳性高为正时的抗沉方案自动生成方法。
(3)探讨了利用船上的抗沉舱,通过给出合理的调载方案来扶正舰体和恢复稳性的抗沉方案自动生成方法。建立了抗沉方案计算模型,分别采用非线性规划法(惩罚函数法)和改进的遗传算法来求解,得到了最佳抗沉方案。
(4)重点研究了适用于船载计算机的抗沉方案实时计算方法即M-H方法,它依据不沉性标板图的数据,快速搜索得到较优的抗沉方案,并编程实现。
本文研究成果有助于辅助舰员进行有效的损管决策和快速应急响应。
In modern warfare, the possibility of flooding of the warships increased with the development of modern weapon onboard (torpedo and bomb, etc). When a flooding emergency occurs, stability could get worse, even sink due to reserve buoyancy loss and stability deficiency, which would be a direct menace to warship's survivability. At the same time, survivability of warship is not a specific characteristic under the condition of warfare, it is possible for warship to sink due to flooding and fire caused by various navigation incident at peacetime. Therefore, how to maintain the survivability and deal with various kinds of damage effectively turns out be an urgent problem, which requires the decision maker to generate immediate response according to the damaged condition. However, the traditional decision process to the damage, is well recognized that such decisions may not be enough under certain emergency situations. So the perfect counter-flooding decision aid system helps to maintain and improve the survivability as much as possible, on the other hand, the investigation on counter-flooding decision aid is vital important to warship's survivability.
Therefore, as the initial research on counter-flooding decision aid, this paper focuses on the following aspects:
(1) Real-time calculation method is investigated about floating condition, initial metacentric height, as well as stability at large inclining angle and anti-wind capability, which focuses on the real-time calculation of damaged loading condition, minimal initial metacentric height, reserve buoyancy and development of floodability calculation system.
(2) The counter-flooding decision aid system, which is mainly composed of a model base, a database, a knowledge base and man-machine interaction sub-system, is developed. Also, the counter-flooding measures which are required are discussed separately according to the initial metacentric height value. This paper researches on the counter-flooding scheme of unsymmetrical flooding in the state of negative initial metacentric height, as well as the scheme generated automatically in accordance with positive initial metacentric height is mainly investigated.
(3) A new method is discussed, which is able to offer the reasonable scheme to right warship and restore stability automatically by means of counter-flooding tanks. To realize it, the counter-flooding scheme optimization model is established, the penalty function of nonlinear programming method (NLP) and improved genetic algorithm are introduced to solve the model to obtain the optimal scheme.
(4) This paper presents an effective and rapid method to generate the counter-flooding scheme, which relies on certain data and is applicable to conduct real-time calculation, is also realized by programming.
This research helps to aid the decision maker in effective damage control decision and rapid emergency response.
为此,作为舰船抗沉辅助决策的初步探索,本文主要研究了以下几个方面：
(1)研究了舰船破损后浮态、初稳性高、大倾角稳性及抗风能力的实时计算方法。重点研究了破损载况的实时计算方法,舰船破损后最小初稳性高的计算方法,破损后储备浮力的实时计算方法以及舰船不沉性的实时计算系统开发。
(2)构建了以模型库系统为主,数据库系统,知识库系统和人机交互系统并重的舰船抗沉辅助决策系统。分别探讨了破损后初稳性高为正和为负的情况下需要采取的抗沉措施。针对破损后初稳性高为负的情况分析了不对称进水时两种基本状态需要采取的抗沉措施。重点研究了破损后初稳性高为正时的抗沉方案自动生成方法。
(3)探讨了利用船上的抗沉舱,通过给出合理的调载方案来扶正舰体和恢复稳性的抗沉方案自动生成方法。建立了抗沉方案计算模型,分别采用非线性规划法(惩罚函数法)和改进的遗传算法来求解,得到了最佳抗沉方案。
(4)重点研究了适用于船载计算机的抗沉方案实时计算方法即M-H方法,它依据不沉性标板图的数据,快速搜索得到较优的抗沉方案,并编程实现。
本文研究成果有助于辅助舰员进行有效的损管决策和快速应急响应。
In modern warfare, the possibility of flooding of the warships increased with the development of modern weapon onboard (torpedo and bomb, etc). When a flooding emergency occurs, stability could get worse, even sink due to reserve buoyancy loss and stability deficiency, which would be a direct menace to warship's survivability. At the same time, survivability of warship is not a specific characteristic under the condition of warfare, it is possible for warship to sink due to flooding and fire caused by various navigation incident at peacetime. Therefore, how to maintain the survivability and deal with various kinds of damage effectively turns out be an urgent problem, which requires the decision maker to generate immediate response according to the damaged condition. However, the traditional decision process to the damage, is well recognized that such decisions may not be enough under certain emergency situations. So the perfect counter-flooding decision aid system helps to maintain and improve the survivability as much as possible, on the other hand, the investigation on counter-flooding decision aid is vital important to warship's survivability.
Therefore, as the initial research on counter-flooding decision aid, this paper focuses on the following aspects:
(1) Real-time calculation method is investigated about floating condition, initial metacentric height, as well as stability at large inclining angle and anti-wind capability, which focuses on the real-time calculation of damaged loading condition, minimal initial metacentric height, reserve buoyancy and development of floodability calculation system.
(2) The counter-flooding decision aid system, which is mainly composed of a model base, a database, a knowledge base and man-machine interaction sub-system, is developed. Also, the counter-flooding measures which are required are discussed separately according to the initial metacentric height value. This paper researches on the counter-flooding scheme of unsymmetrical flooding in the state of negative initial metacentric height, as well as the scheme generated automatically in accordance with positive initial metacentric height is mainly investigated.
(3) A new method is discussed, which is able to offer the reasonable scheme to right warship and restore stability automatically by means of counter-flooding tanks. To realize it, the counter-flooding scheme optimization model is established, the penalty function of nonlinear programming method (NLP) and improved genetic algorithm are introduced to solve the model to obtain the optimal scheme.
(4) This paper presents an effective and rapid method to generate the counter-flooding scheme, which relies on certain data and is applicable to conduct real-time calculation, is also realized by programming.
This research helps to aid the decision maker in effective damage control decision and rapid emergency response.
引文
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