生物法和物理法修复受2，4-二氯酚污染土壤的对比研究
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摘要
氯酚类化合物是一类毒性较大的持久性污染物,它们在环境中的存在和治理一直是人们关注的焦点。本研究分别采用生物法和物理法修复受2, 4-二氯酚污染的模拟土壤,并对两种方法的效果进行分析比较。
白腐菌对芳香族化合物有非常强的降解能力,白腐菌分泌的漆酶能对氯酚类化合物脱氯,使有机物脱毒。本研究的生物修复法选用具有代表性的白腐菌Pleurotus ostreatus为对象,通过正交试验确定了降解2, 4-二氯酚的最佳条件为:温度25℃,含水率40%,接种量0.4mL菌液·每克干土。18天内2, 4-二氯酚的去除率可达到84.56%,氯的脱除率最大达到了98.07%。
本实验选用微波辐射作为物理修复法的技术,研究了以二氧化锰为微波吸附剂,在密封体系中微波辐射技术对2, 4-二氯酚污染土壤的修复效果。结果表明,不加MnO2单纯的微波辐射对2, 4-二氯酚基本没有去除效果,加入MnO2后在中性条件的去除效果好于酸性条件,不加MnO2在单纯的水溶液介质下,微波对2, 4-二氯酚污染土壤具有一定的修复效果。
比较两种修复方法,生物修复法效果好,但是白腐菌培养周期长,与物理修复法相比较过程复杂,白腐真菌生物学技术大部分研究工作都是基于实验室条件下,其工业化应用受环境等条件限制。微波辐射相比生物修复法和其他的物理化学法相比要简单易行,微波辐射降解有机污染物将为以后的研究工作提供借鉴。
Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants which have high toxicity, and human being have always focused on its existence and controlling in environment. Biological and physical methods are used to repair the 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP)-contaminated artificial soils and the effects of this two methods were compared in this reseach.
White rot fungi have strong ability of decomposing aromatic compound, and the laccase they produced can make dechlorination of Chlorophenols and detoxication of organism. The typical white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus was selected as the object of bioremediation in this research and the best condition of degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol were fixed: temperature of 25℃, 40% of soil moisture, 0.4 mL bacteria liquid·per gram of dried soil of inoculation rate. The largest rate of 2, 4-DCP degradation and dechlorination was 84.56% and 98.07% within 18 days. Microwave radiation was selected as the physical method to repair the 2,
4-dichlorophenol-contaminated artificial soils in this paper. The effect of microwave radiation technology of repairing 2, 4-dichlorophenol contaminated soil in the closed system was studied by using MnO_2 as an adsorbent. The results showed that it basically had no degradation effect of microwave radiation on 2, 4-dichlorophenol contaminated soil under the condition without MnO_2. The effect in the neutral condition was better than in the acidic condition with MnO_2. There was a certain effect of microwave radiation on 2, 4-dichlorophenol contaminated soil only under the neutral condition without MnO_2.
The results also showed that the effect of bioremediation was better than physical methods compared with these two remediations, but the culture period of white rot fungi was long and bioremediation process was complicated. Researches of biotechnology of white rot fungi are mostly based on laboratories investigation, but its applying of industrialization is conditional. Microwave radiation is much easier than bioremediation and other physical or chemical remediation. Degradation of organic pollutant using microwave radiation will provide future research with some reference.
白腐菌对芳香族化合物有非常强的降解能力,白腐菌分泌的漆酶能对氯酚类化合物脱氯,使有机物脱毒。本研究的生物修复法选用具有代表性的白腐菌Pleurotus ostreatus为对象,通过正交试验确定了降解2, 4-二氯酚的最佳条件为:温度25℃,含水率40%,接种量0.4mL菌液·每克干土。18天内2, 4-二氯酚的去除率可达到84.56%,氯的脱除率最大达到了98.07%。
本实验选用微波辐射作为物理修复法的技术,研究了以二氧化锰为微波吸附剂,在密封体系中微波辐射技术对2, 4-二氯酚污染土壤的修复效果。结果表明,不加MnO2单纯的微波辐射对2, 4-二氯酚基本没有去除效果,加入MnO2后在中性条件的去除效果好于酸性条件,不加MnO2在单纯的水溶液介质下,微波对2, 4-二氯酚污染土壤具有一定的修复效果。
比较两种修复方法,生物修复法效果好,但是白腐菌培养周期长,与物理修复法相比较过程复杂,白腐真菌生物学技术大部分研究工作都是基于实验室条件下,其工业化应用受环境等条件限制。微波辐射相比生物修复法和其他的物理化学法相比要简单易行,微波辐射降解有机污染物将为以后的研究工作提供借鉴。
Chlorophenols are persistent organic pollutants which have high toxicity, and human being have always focused on its existence and controlling in environment. Biological and physical methods are used to repair the 2, 4-dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP)-contaminated artificial soils and the effects of this two methods were compared in this reseach.
White rot fungi have strong ability of decomposing aromatic compound, and the laccase they produced can make dechlorination of Chlorophenols and detoxication of organism. The typical white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus was selected as the object of bioremediation in this research and the best condition of degradation of 2, 4-dichlorophenol were fixed: temperature of 25℃, 40% of soil moisture, 0.4 mL bacteria liquid·per gram of dried soil of inoculation rate. The largest rate of 2, 4-DCP degradation and dechlorination was 84.56% and 98.07% within 18 days. Microwave radiation was selected as the physical method to repair the 2,
4-dichlorophenol-contaminated artificial soils in this paper. The effect of microwave radiation technology of repairing 2, 4-dichlorophenol contaminated soil in the closed system was studied by using MnO_2 as an adsorbent. The results showed that it basically had no degradation effect of microwave radiation on 2, 4-dichlorophenol contaminated soil under the condition without MnO_2. The effect in the neutral condition was better than in the acidic condition with MnO_2. There was a certain effect of microwave radiation on 2, 4-dichlorophenol contaminated soil only under the neutral condition without MnO_2.
The results also showed that the effect of bioremediation was better than physical methods compared with these two remediations, but the culture period of white rot fungi was long and bioremediation process was complicated. Researches of biotechnology of white rot fungi are mostly based on laboratories investigation, but its applying of industrialization is conditional. Microwave radiation is much easier than bioremediation and other physical or chemical remediation. Degradation of organic pollutant using microwave radiation will provide future research with some reference.
引文
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