综合船桥系统体系结构与部分关键技术研究
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摘要
综合船桥系统(Integrated Bridge System,IBS)是船舶自动化领域的核心装备,也是船舶导航学科的前沿性课题。针对IBS关键技术开展研究,能够增强船舶自动化与信息化程度,提高船舶航行的经济性和安全性。
国际上综合船桥系统技术的不断发展引起了国内船舶界的广泛关注,但目前国内关于综合船桥系统的研究尚处于起步和探索阶段。论文以“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目“船舶关键技术开发--综合船桥系统”为背景,围绕着综合船桥系统设计中的若干关键技术,进行了系统研究。全文主要研究工作和成果如下:
1)从系统总体设计的角度,分析了综合船桥系统的基本功能、组成要素、信息流程、连接方式、层次划分与设计规范,设计了包括运作体系结构、系统体系结构和技术体系结构的三维系统体系结构。其中运作体系结构规定了系统的任务与信息流程;系统体系结构界定了系统的组成元素和元素之间的连接方式;技术体系结构规定了系统设计应遵循的技术标准和规范。本文首次提出了综合船桥系统体系结构,为系统总体设计提供了理论框架。
2)研究了电子海图系统的设计技术,完成了工程化的国际通用型电子海图信息系统(ECDIS)设计。该系统满足IMO、IHO和IEC制定的相关国际标准,可同时显示S57、VCF、MapInfo与Raster等格式的海陆图。开展了海图数据与雷达图像的叠加研究,能够显示来自ARPA雷达的目标信息与雷达回波图像。进行了最优航线生成技术研究,设计了最优航线判别模型。
3)网络通信技术是船桥系统的一个主要研究方向。本文设计了无线网、局域网与现场总线网相结合的三层结构的一体化网络体系;开发了专用的智能网关,使网络具备异步信息处理能力;设计了专用的网络管理模块。
4)根据综合船桥系统信息多传感器同时采集、多工作站同时处理的特点,研究了分布式导航数据库技术,设计了可跨平台访问的专用导航数据库,实现了船桥系统各工作台的导航数据同步存取。
5)从工程应用角度,研究了IBS导航信息融合处理技术,设计了基于输出校正无重置联邦滤波器的IBS导航系统数据融合处理算法,并通过仿真试验证明该方法能有效的提高系统的导航数据精度和可靠性。
Integrated bridge system (IBS) is the key part of marine automation area, and it is also the front-subject of marine navigation technology. Research on the key technologies of IBS can increase the automation and information level of ship, improve the economy and safety during ship navigation.
The continuous development of international IBS technologies has attracted people's attention in domestic marine field, but the study on integrated bridge system is still in initial stage. Based on national science and technology planning project during eleventh Five-Year Plan, a systematic study is made on the key technologies of IBS. The main research work and results of this dissertation can be concluded as follows:
1) The system functions, components, information flow, logical structure and technical standard of IBS were discussed in the viewpoint of system design. A three-dimensional architecture was presented, which includes operational architecture, system architecture and technical architecture. Operational architecture prescribes system tasks and information flow; System architecture defines system components and logical structure. Technical architecture specifies the standards and criterions of integrated bridge system. The architecture of IBS is first put forward in this paper, which gives theoretical framework for system design.
2) The design technology of electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) was studied, and the engineering design of International-Orientated ECDIS was completed. The system meets the demands of corresponding standards made by IMO, IHO and IEC, and can simutaneously display electronic charts and electronic maps with S57、VCF、MapInfo and Raster formats. Research on radar image& chart graph overlapping technique in ECDIS was made, object's information from ARPA and radar echo images can be displayed. Research on optimal route design was made, discriminant model for optimal route was designed.
3) Network communication technique is a main research area of IBS. A integrated network system with three-layer structure, which includes wireless network, local area network and fieldbus network, was designed; A special intelligent gateway was developed, which has the ability of asynchronous message communication. A special network management module was designed.
4) According to the Characteristics that the data of IBS was collected simultaneously by multi-sensor, and processed simultaneously by multi-workstation, a special navigation database system which can be visited platform irrelatively was designed on the basis of distributed database technology. Data can be accessed synchronously among IBS workstations.
5) Navigation information fusion technology of IBS was studied for engineering application, the navigation information fusion algorithm based on the no-reset federated filter with output emendation was designed, and simulation was done. Simulation results indicate that the method is effective to improve the precision and reliability of navigation data.
国际上综合船桥系统技术的不断发展引起了国内船舶界的广泛关注,但目前国内关于综合船桥系统的研究尚处于起步和探索阶段。论文以“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目“船舶关键技术开发--综合船桥系统”为背景,围绕着综合船桥系统设计中的若干关键技术,进行了系统研究。全文主要研究工作和成果如下:
1)从系统总体设计的角度,分析了综合船桥系统的基本功能、组成要素、信息流程、连接方式、层次划分与设计规范,设计了包括运作体系结构、系统体系结构和技术体系结构的三维系统体系结构。其中运作体系结构规定了系统的任务与信息流程;系统体系结构界定了系统的组成元素和元素之间的连接方式;技术体系结构规定了系统设计应遵循的技术标准和规范。本文首次提出了综合船桥系统体系结构,为系统总体设计提供了理论框架。
2)研究了电子海图系统的设计技术,完成了工程化的国际通用型电子海图信息系统(ECDIS)设计。该系统满足IMO、IHO和IEC制定的相关国际标准,可同时显示S57、VCF、MapInfo与Raster等格式的海陆图。开展了海图数据与雷达图像的叠加研究,能够显示来自ARPA雷达的目标信息与雷达回波图像。进行了最优航线生成技术研究,设计了最优航线判别模型。
3)网络通信技术是船桥系统的一个主要研究方向。本文设计了无线网、局域网与现场总线网相结合的三层结构的一体化网络体系;开发了专用的智能网关,使网络具备异步信息处理能力;设计了专用的网络管理模块。
4)根据综合船桥系统信息多传感器同时采集、多工作站同时处理的特点,研究了分布式导航数据库技术,设计了可跨平台访问的专用导航数据库,实现了船桥系统各工作台的导航数据同步存取。
5)从工程应用角度,研究了IBS导航信息融合处理技术,设计了基于输出校正无重置联邦滤波器的IBS导航系统数据融合处理算法,并通过仿真试验证明该方法能有效的提高系统的导航数据精度和可靠性。
Integrated bridge system (IBS) is the key part of marine automation area, and it is also the front-subject of marine navigation technology. Research on the key technologies of IBS can increase the automation and information level of ship, improve the economy and safety during ship navigation.
The continuous development of international IBS technologies has attracted people's attention in domestic marine field, but the study on integrated bridge system is still in initial stage. Based on national science and technology planning project during eleventh Five-Year Plan, a systematic study is made on the key technologies of IBS. The main research work and results of this dissertation can be concluded as follows:
1) The system functions, components, information flow, logical structure and technical standard of IBS were discussed in the viewpoint of system design. A three-dimensional architecture was presented, which includes operational architecture, system architecture and technical architecture. Operational architecture prescribes system tasks and information flow; System architecture defines system components and logical structure. Technical architecture specifies the standards and criterions of integrated bridge system. The architecture of IBS is first put forward in this paper, which gives theoretical framework for system design.
2) The design technology of electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) was studied, and the engineering design of International-Orientated ECDIS was completed. The system meets the demands of corresponding standards made by IMO, IHO and IEC, and can simutaneously display electronic charts and electronic maps with S57、VCF、MapInfo and Raster formats. Research on radar image& chart graph overlapping technique in ECDIS was made, object's information from ARPA and radar echo images can be displayed. Research on optimal route design was made, discriminant model for optimal route was designed.
3) Network communication technique is a main research area of IBS. A integrated network system with three-layer structure, which includes wireless network, local area network and fieldbus network, was designed; A special intelligent gateway was developed, which has the ability of asynchronous message communication. A special network management module was designed.
4) According to the Characteristics that the data of IBS was collected simultaneously by multi-sensor, and processed simultaneously by multi-workstation, a special navigation database system which can be visited platform irrelatively was designed on the basis of distributed database technology. Data can be accessed synchronously among IBS workstations.
5) Navigation information fusion technology of IBS was studied for engineering application, the navigation information fusion algorithm based on the no-reset federated filter with output emendation was designed, and simulation was done. Simulation results indicate that the method is effective to improve the precision and reliability of navigation data.
引文
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