无线通信中分集合并技术的研究
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摘要
无线信道是一种复杂的时变信道,无线电波经过不同路径从发射天线传播到接收天线,这种多径传播会使接收信号的振幅、相位及角度产生剧烈的波动,导致接收端信噪比下降,甚至产生深度衰落以至通信中断。为此,如何对抗信道衰落已经成为保证通信质量,提高通信效率的热点问题。目前对抗信道衰落的主要措施有：扩频通信中的RAKE接收技术,纠错编码,交织技术,自适应信道均衡,分集技术等。其中,分集合并技术是对抗多径衰落,特别是深度衰落最有效的方式之一,而且是广泛得以应用的技术。目前已经形成了多种分集合并方式,如最大比合并MRC、等增益合并EGC、选择合并SC以及切换合并等。但在现有对分集合并的研究中,仍然存在一些问题：合并性能与实现复杂度之间仍然存在着矛盾,对合并性能研究不够全面,分集合并技术的应用仍有扩展空间等。因此,本论文主要从三个方面对分集合并技术进行研究：合并策略、合并性能及扩展应用的可能性。论文工作的创新点主要体现在以下几个方面：
(1)提出SEC/MRC及SSC-SC两种混合合并技术。针对MRC合并复杂性高且对估计误差敏感的特性,将其与可以剔除性能较差分支的SEC合并相结合,形成新的混合合并技术SEC/MRC,并对其各种合并性能进行理论分析与仿真实验。结果表明,SEC/MRC混合合并技术相比于单纯MRC合并,可以在减少接收链路与系统复杂度的情况下达到同样优越的性能。此外,针对SC合并需要对各支路信噪比进行实时监测比较且存在资源浪费的问题,将其与可以节约系统资源的SSC合并相结合,形成新的混合合并技术SSC-SC,并对其一阶与二阶统计特性进行理论分析与仿真实验。仿真结果显不,SSC-SC合并综合了SC和SSC的特点,使得其一阶与二阶统计特性相比于两种单纯合并技术都有一定程度上的改善,并仍然保持了较低的实现复杂度。综合考虑,两种混合合并技术都具有良好的实际应用价值。
(2)给出切换合并二阶统计特性的通用闭合表达式。针对二阶统计特性在通信系统设计中的重要性与传统莱斯公式的高复杂性,利用离散分析方法推导出了一组各分支独立非同分布切换合并(包括DB-SSC、SEC与SECps)二阶统计特性的通用闭合表达式,只与单分支二阶统计特性和累积分布函数有关,具有很好的通用性和易实现性,适用于任何形式的独立非同分布衰落信道。其中,SEC与SECps合并二阶统计特性的通用闭合表达式是首次给出。
(3)建立起多用户功率分配与分集合并系统之间的等效关系,并提出基于等效性的功率分配技术。针对功率分配在多用户移动通信系统中的重要性,寻找到功率分配系统与分集合并系统之间的相似性,建立起二者之间的等效关系。根据这种等效关系,将分集合并中的盲比合并思想引入到多用户功率分配中,提出了基于统计特性的功率分配策略。该策略能够降低反馈信息量与实现复杂度,且不受用户子信道不平衡性的影响,适用于时变信道环境。此外,建立起的两个系统间的等效关系对于进行交叉研究以及引入新的功率分配策略具有一定的指导意义。
(4)提出了快速增量递推功率分配策略。主要是针对注水分配多次反复迭代的高复杂性及其在时变信道中的难实现性,对其进行算法上的改进,提出了只需一步递推的功率分配策略。通过理论分析和性能仿真可以看出,在时变信道环境下,增量递推功率分配策略能在大大降低系统复杂度的同时得到与注水算法几乎一致的优越性能,是一种优化的功率分配策略,可以应用到联合资源优化中。
Radiowave propagation through wireless channels is a complicated phenomenon characterized by various paths from transmitter to receiver. When a received signal experiences this multipath fading during transmission, the fading effects on the amplitude, phase and angle can severely degrade performance. Moreover, deep fading can lead to communication interruption. So, how to combat fading in order to offer a reliable and high-efficient wireless communication is a hot topic. Recently, there are some technologies to combat fading, such as, RAKE receiver in spread spectrum communication system, error correction coding, interleave techonoly, adaptive channel equalization and diversity combining. Among these technologies, diversity combining is more efficient to combate deep fading and widly used. And, lots of diversity combining strategies has been proposed, such as Maximal Ratio Combining, Equal Gain Combining, Selective Combining and Switched Combining. But, there are some problems in diversity combining schemes, such as the contradiction between performance and complexity, incomplete research for combining performance and extendable applications of diversity combining technology. Based on this, we research on diversity combining from three concepts:combining strategy, combining performance and application. The main innovations in this dissertation are outlined as following:
(1) Two novel hybrid combining technologies named SEC/MRC and SSC-SC are presented. MRC has high complexity and is sensitive to channel estimation errors. On the other hand, SEC can eliminate the bad branches. So, we compose MRC and SEC to form a novel hybrid combining named SEC/MRC. The performance of SEC/MRC scheme is studied. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results show that SEC/MRC which requires a smaller number of receive chains and a less complex structure performs almost as well as MRC. In addition, SC requires the simultaneous and continuous monitoring of all diversity branches which leads to the waste of resources, and SSC only needs one receiver chain and one switch logic circuit to save resources. So, we compose SSC and SC to form a novel hybrid combining named SSC-SC. The analysis of the first-order and second-order statistical signal properties at the output of the SSC-SC receiver is proposed. It is shown that SSC-SC combines the advantages of both SC and SSC, and its first-order and second-order statistical properties are improved to some extent. Consider both system performance and realization, the two hybrid combining technologies proposed have good practical value.
(2) The general closed expressions for the second-order statistical properties of switched combining schemes are obtained. The second-order statistical signal properties are important performance measure for communication system design, and conventional Rice formula is very complexity. So, the closed-form expressions of the second-order statistical properties for DB-SSC, SEC and SECps over multiple independent generalized fading paths which are not necessarily identically distributed are presented through the discrete analysis method. These closed-form expressions are maked up of the LCR and CDF of each branch, which is easy to implement and applies to any form fading channels. The closed-form expressions for SEC and SECps are obtained for the first time.
(3) The equivalent relationship between multiuser power allocation and diversity combining systems is built, and power allocation strategies based on statistical properties are proposed. Power allocation is one of the most important techniques in multiuser mobile communication system. We find that the power allocation system is similar to diversity combining system, and built the equivalent relationship between them. Moreover, based on the equivalence, the idea of blind ratio combining is introduced in power allocation system, and new statistical power allocation strategies are proposed. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results show that the proposed power allocation strategies can reduce the feedback information and system complexity and do not affected by the imbalance of user subchannels, which can be efficiently applied in the time-varying channel environment. Otherwise, the equivalent relationship between two systems can help for the crossover study of these two systems and forming new power allocation strategy.
(4) A rapid increment recurrence power allocation strategy is proposed. Optimal water-filling power allocation requires repetitive iterative process, and is difficult to be realized in time-varying fading channels. So, we do some improvement on the algorithm, and a novel power allocation strategy which can update power allocation for all users based on an increment recurrence formula is presented. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results show that this strategy with low complexity has a good performance as WF algorithm in time-varying environment, and can be used in joint optimization schemes.
(1)提出SEC/MRC及SSC-SC两种混合合并技术。针对MRC合并复杂性高且对估计误差敏感的特性,将其与可以剔除性能较差分支的SEC合并相结合,形成新的混合合并技术SEC/MRC,并对其各种合并性能进行理论分析与仿真实验。结果表明,SEC/MRC混合合并技术相比于单纯MRC合并,可以在减少接收链路与系统复杂度的情况下达到同样优越的性能。此外,针对SC合并需要对各支路信噪比进行实时监测比较且存在资源浪费的问题,将其与可以节约系统资源的SSC合并相结合,形成新的混合合并技术SSC-SC,并对其一阶与二阶统计特性进行理论分析与仿真实验。仿真结果显不,SSC-SC合并综合了SC和SSC的特点,使得其一阶与二阶统计特性相比于两种单纯合并技术都有一定程度上的改善,并仍然保持了较低的实现复杂度。综合考虑,两种混合合并技术都具有良好的实际应用价值。
(2)给出切换合并二阶统计特性的通用闭合表达式。针对二阶统计特性在通信系统设计中的重要性与传统莱斯公式的高复杂性,利用离散分析方法推导出了一组各分支独立非同分布切换合并(包括DB-SSC、SEC与SECps)二阶统计特性的通用闭合表达式,只与单分支二阶统计特性和累积分布函数有关,具有很好的通用性和易实现性,适用于任何形式的独立非同分布衰落信道。其中,SEC与SECps合并二阶统计特性的通用闭合表达式是首次给出。
(3)建立起多用户功率分配与分集合并系统之间的等效关系,并提出基于等效性的功率分配技术。针对功率分配在多用户移动通信系统中的重要性,寻找到功率分配系统与分集合并系统之间的相似性,建立起二者之间的等效关系。根据这种等效关系,将分集合并中的盲比合并思想引入到多用户功率分配中,提出了基于统计特性的功率分配策略。该策略能够降低反馈信息量与实现复杂度,且不受用户子信道不平衡性的影响,适用于时变信道环境。此外,建立起的两个系统间的等效关系对于进行交叉研究以及引入新的功率分配策略具有一定的指导意义。
(4)提出了快速增量递推功率分配策略。主要是针对注水分配多次反复迭代的高复杂性及其在时变信道中的难实现性,对其进行算法上的改进,提出了只需一步递推的功率分配策略。通过理论分析和性能仿真可以看出,在时变信道环境下,增量递推功率分配策略能在大大降低系统复杂度的同时得到与注水算法几乎一致的优越性能,是一种优化的功率分配策略,可以应用到联合资源优化中。
Radiowave propagation through wireless channels is a complicated phenomenon characterized by various paths from transmitter to receiver. When a received signal experiences this multipath fading during transmission, the fading effects on the amplitude, phase and angle can severely degrade performance. Moreover, deep fading can lead to communication interruption. So, how to combat fading in order to offer a reliable and high-efficient wireless communication is a hot topic. Recently, there are some technologies to combat fading, such as, RAKE receiver in spread spectrum communication system, error correction coding, interleave techonoly, adaptive channel equalization and diversity combining. Among these technologies, diversity combining is more efficient to combate deep fading and widly used. And, lots of diversity combining strategies has been proposed, such as Maximal Ratio Combining, Equal Gain Combining, Selective Combining and Switched Combining. But, there are some problems in diversity combining schemes, such as the contradiction between performance and complexity, incomplete research for combining performance and extendable applications of diversity combining technology. Based on this, we research on diversity combining from three concepts:combining strategy, combining performance and application. The main innovations in this dissertation are outlined as following:
(1) Two novel hybrid combining technologies named SEC/MRC and SSC-SC are presented. MRC has high complexity and is sensitive to channel estimation errors. On the other hand, SEC can eliminate the bad branches. So, we compose MRC and SEC to form a novel hybrid combining named SEC/MRC. The performance of SEC/MRC scheme is studied. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results show that SEC/MRC which requires a smaller number of receive chains and a less complex structure performs almost as well as MRC. In addition, SC requires the simultaneous and continuous monitoring of all diversity branches which leads to the waste of resources, and SSC only needs one receiver chain and one switch logic circuit to save resources. So, we compose SSC and SC to form a novel hybrid combining named SSC-SC. The analysis of the first-order and second-order statistical signal properties at the output of the SSC-SC receiver is proposed. It is shown that SSC-SC combines the advantages of both SC and SSC, and its first-order and second-order statistical properties are improved to some extent. Consider both system performance and realization, the two hybrid combining technologies proposed have good practical value.
(2) The general closed expressions for the second-order statistical properties of switched combining schemes are obtained. The second-order statistical signal properties are important performance measure for communication system design, and conventional Rice formula is very complexity. So, the closed-form expressions of the second-order statistical properties for DB-SSC, SEC and SECps over multiple independent generalized fading paths which are not necessarily identically distributed are presented through the discrete analysis method. These closed-form expressions are maked up of the LCR and CDF of each branch, which is easy to implement and applies to any form fading channels. The closed-form expressions for SEC and SECps are obtained for the first time.
(3) The equivalent relationship between multiuser power allocation and diversity combining systems is built, and power allocation strategies based on statistical properties are proposed. Power allocation is one of the most important techniques in multiuser mobile communication system. We find that the power allocation system is similar to diversity combining system, and built the equivalent relationship between them. Moreover, based on the equivalence, the idea of blind ratio combining is introduced in power allocation system, and new statistical power allocation strategies are proposed. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results show that the proposed power allocation strategies can reduce the feedback information and system complexity and do not affected by the imbalance of user subchannels, which can be efficiently applied in the time-varying channel environment. Otherwise, the equivalent relationship between two systems can help for the crossover study of these two systems and forming new power allocation strategy.
(4) A rapid increment recurrence power allocation strategy is proposed. Optimal water-filling power allocation requires repetitive iterative process, and is difficult to be realized in time-varying fading channels. So, we do some improvement on the algorithm, and a novel power allocation strategy which can update power allocation for all users based on an increment recurrence formula is presented. The theoretical analysis and the simulation results show that this strategy with low complexity has a good performance as WF algorithm in time-varying environment, and can be used in joint optimization schemes.
引文
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