QCD求和规则、瞬子与新强子
摘要
强子的构成是粒子物理的基本问题之一。在朴素夸克模型中,强子具有qq(介子)和qqq(重子)构成。但是这种简单的构成正受到来自实验的严峻挑战。无论是越来越多的无法归类的强子态,还是具有无法为朴素夸克模型所容许量子数的介子的发现,都暗示有超越朴素夸克模型构成的新强子存在。
胶球、多夸克态和混杂子是三种可能的新强子构造,它们分别是胶子、多夸克以及夸克与胶子的束缚态。本文将研究这些新强子的性质。
本文分为两个部分,首先是我们所采用的研究方法的介绍,包括第二章对QCD求和规则的详细介绍以及第三章对瞬子物理基本概念的介绍。由于我们采用QCD求和规则作为我们的主要理论框架,因此对于瞬子物理我们主要采用一种易于使用到QCD求和规则框架内的半唯象方法,即单瞬子近似。
本文的第二部分是我们对于某些特定新强子性质的研究。
首先是第四章,在考虑了直接的瞬子效应后,我们在QCD求和规则的框架内研究了0++胶球的质量问题。结果显示在考虑了瞬子效应后,胶球的质量被大大降低。之后我们考虑瞬子效应在标量胶球衰变中的作用。我们发现由于非微扰效应,标量胶球衰变过程中SU(3)f对称性是被很好保持的。我们也考虑了标量胶球的四夸克衰变与两夸克衰变宽度之比。与普通介子衰变相比,我们预言标量胶球衰变会有较大的多强子末态分支比。
第五章我们处理多夸克态。我们首先构造了两个典型的1-+分子四夸克态,利用考虑瞬子效应修正后的QCD求和规则研究它们的质量问题。我们发现我们的模型可以在1.4 GeV附近容纳两个不同的1-+四夸克介子。接着我们构造具有Diquark结构和分子态结构的四夸克态,并研究了它们的衰变方式。
第六章我们在已有的1-+和0++混杂子质量的求和规则中考虑直接的瞬子效应,研究瞬子在其中所起的作用,并给出较稳定的0++胶球的质量预言。
最后在第七章,是我们的结论与展望。
The inner structure of hadrons is one of the fundamental problems in particle physics. Within the Naive Quark Model, hadrons are composed of qq (for meson) or qqq (for baryon). Such a simple scenario, however, is greatly challenged by the experimental evidence. The growing number of unclassified hadrons, and the discovery of mesons with quantum number not allowed by the Naive Quark Model, both suggest the existence of New Hadrons which are beyond the Naive Quark Model.
Glueball, multi-quark states and hybrid are three possible New Hadron structures. They are gluons, multi-quarks and gluon-quarks bound states re-spectively. In this thesis, we discuss the properties of these New Hadrons.
This thesis can be divided into two parts. First we review our tools which will be used in our research. After a detailed introduction to the QCD sum rules approach in Chapter 2, we review the basic concepts of instanton physics. As we adopt the QCD sum rules as our main theoretical framework, we only focus on the Single Instanton Apporach which can be used in the framework of QCD sum rules easily.
The second part of this thesis includes our researches on some specific New Hadrons.
First, in Chapter 4, we consider the direct instanton effect in the QCD sum rules for the 0++ glueball mass. Our result shows that after considering the direct instanton effect, the mass of glueball is greatly reduced. After that we discuss the decay of a scaler glueball. We find that because of non-perturbative effects, the SU(3)f symmetry is respected in the decay of a scalar glueball. We also consider the ratio of the decay widths for the four quark final states decay and two quark final states decay of a scalar glueball. And we predict that compared with scalar qq mesons, the probability of a scalar glueball decaying into multi-hadron final states should be remarkably increased.
In Chapter 5 we investigate the multi-quark states. First, we construct two typical molecule four quark states with quantum number 1-+. After consider-ing the direct instanton effects in the QCD sum rules approach, we find that our model can accommodate two different 1-+ four quark mesons near 1.4 GeV. Then we study the decay modes of four-quark states, with diquark structure and molecule structure respectively.
We discuss the mass sum rules for 1-+ and 0++ hybrid in Chapter 6. Thanks to the direct instanton effects, we predict a more stable mass prediction for the 0++ hybrid, which reads about 2 GeV.
Finally, Chapter 7, is our conclusions and outlooks.
胶球、多夸克态和混杂子是三种可能的新强子构造,它们分别是胶子、多夸克以及夸克与胶子的束缚态。本文将研究这些新强子的性质。
本文分为两个部分,首先是我们所采用的研究方法的介绍,包括第二章对QCD求和规则的详细介绍以及第三章对瞬子物理基本概念的介绍。由于我们采用QCD求和规则作为我们的主要理论框架,因此对于瞬子物理我们主要采用一种易于使用到QCD求和规则框架内的半唯象方法,即单瞬子近似。
本文的第二部分是我们对于某些特定新强子性质的研究。
首先是第四章,在考虑了直接的瞬子效应后,我们在QCD求和规则的框架内研究了0++胶球的质量问题。结果显示在考虑了瞬子效应后,胶球的质量被大大降低。之后我们考虑瞬子效应在标量胶球衰变中的作用。我们发现由于非微扰效应,标量胶球衰变过程中SU(3)f对称性是被很好保持的。我们也考虑了标量胶球的四夸克衰变与两夸克衰变宽度之比。与普通介子衰变相比,我们预言标量胶球衰变会有较大的多强子末态分支比。
第五章我们处理多夸克态。我们首先构造了两个典型的1-+分子四夸克态,利用考虑瞬子效应修正后的QCD求和规则研究它们的质量问题。我们发现我们的模型可以在1.4 GeV附近容纳两个不同的1-+四夸克介子。接着我们构造具有Diquark结构和分子态结构的四夸克态,并研究了它们的衰变方式。
第六章我们在已有的1-+和0++混杂子质量的求和规则中考虑直接的瞬子效应,研究瞬子在其中所起的作用,并给出较稳定的0++胶球的质量预言。
最后在第七章,是我们的结论与展望。
The inner structure of hadrons is one of the fundamental problems in particle physics. Within the Naive Quark Model, hadrons are composed of qq (for meson) or qqq (for baryon). Such a simple scenario, however, is greatly challenged by the experimental evidence. The growing number of unclassified hadrons, and the discovery of mesons with quantum number not allowed by the Naive Quark Model, both suggest the existence of New Hadrons which are beyond the Naive Quark Model.
Glueball, multi-quark states and hybrid are three possible New Hadron structures. They are gluons, multi-quarks and gluon-quarks bound states re-spectively. In this thesis, we discuss the properties of these New Hadrons.
This thesis can be divided into two parts. First we review our tools which will be used in our research. After a detailed introduction to the QCD sum rules approach in Chapter 2, we review the basic concepts of instanton physics. As we adopt the QCD sum rules as our main theoretical framework, we only focus on the Single Instanton Apporach which can be used in the framework of QCD sum rules easily.
The second part of this thesis includes our researches on some specific New Hadrons.
First, in Chapter 4, we consider the direct instanton effect in the QCD sum rules for the 0++ glueball mass. Our result shows that after considering the direct instanton effect, the mass of glueball is greatly reduced. After that we discuss the decay of a scaler glueball. We find that because of non-perturbative effects, the SU(3)f symmetry is respected in the decay of a scalar glueball. We also consider the ratio of the decay widths for the four quark final states decay and two quark final states decay of a scalar glueball. And we predict that compared with scalar qq mesons, the probability of a scalar glueball decaying into multi-hadron final states should be remarkably increased.
In Chapter 5 we investigate the multi-quark states. First, we construct two typical molecule four quark states with quantum number 1-+. After consider-ing the direct instanton effects in the QCD sum rules approach, we find that our model can accommodate two different 1-+ four quark mesons near 1.4 GeV. Then we study the decay modes of four-quark states, with diquark structure and molecule structure respectively.
We discuss the mass sum rules for 1-+ and 0++ hybrid in Chapter 6. Thanks to the direct instanton effects, we predict a more stable mass prediction for the 0++ hybrid, which reads about 2 GeV.
Finally, Chapter 7, is our conclusions and outlooks.
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