重味分子态的动力学研究
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摘要
在传统的夸克模型中,强子分为介子和重子。介子由一对正反夸克构成(qq)而重子由三个夸克构成(qqq)。然而对于近十年实验上发现的某些类粲偶素、类底偶素粒子,如X(3872)、Zb(10610)、Zb(10650)等,对它们的质量、宽度以及衰变性质的研究表明并不能将它们简单地解释为粲偶素(cc)或者底偶素(bb)。这样,寻找不同于介子和重子的新强子态就成了一个热点问题。目前人们提出的新强子态候选者有：分子态、胶球、混杂态以及多夸克态等。本文主要研究由重味重子或者重味介子形成的分子态。
在引言和第二章中我简要地介绍了实验背景以及低能强子物理研究中常用的理论方法。虽然目前发现了大量的类粲偶素、类底偶素粒子,但是实验上真正确定其存在的并不多。对于已经被实验证实的,完全研究清楚其结构的更是少之又少。因此,对这些粒子的研究还需要实验物理学家和理论物理学家坚持不懈的努力。目前低能强子物理研究中常用的理论工具有QCD求和规则,手征微扰理论以及势模型中的手征夸克模型和单玻色子交换势模型。本文主要利用单玻色子交换势模型进行研究。
上世纪七十年代Jaffe利用MIT袋模型预言了H-dibaryon。它的奇异数为-2,自旋宇称为JP=0+。为了寻找H-dibaryOn,人们做了大量的实验上的、理论上的研究,但是都没有发现其存在的迹象。具有相同量子数的AA体系也不能形成束缚态。我将以上研究推广到了重味的情况。在第三章中我详细考察了AcAc、(?)c(?)c、∑c∑c、(?)c(?)c以及ΩcΩc等重味体系形成分子态的情况。我发现(?)c(?)c[1(0+),0(1+)]、∑c∑c[1(1+)],(?)c(?)c[1(0'),0(1')]以及ΩcΩc[0(0+)]可以作为理想的分子态候选者,而∧c∧c[0(0+)]体系在不考虑味道空间的耦合道效应时,不能形成束缚态。对于重子-反重子体系,由于系统在小尺度上存在湮灭效应,单玻色子交换势模型并不能给出很好的描述。此外,考虑到ΛQΛQ(Q=c,b)体系的特殊性,我还对其作了一个详细的耦合道分析。我发现在单π交换的情况下,∧c∧c[0(0'),0(),0(1)]均可以形成束缚态,这些束缚态主要来自耦合道效应。
在已发现的类粲偶素、类底偶素粒子中,X(3872)是人们研究最多的粒子,然而仍然没有一种理论解释能普遍地被人们所接受。在第四章中,我对X(3872)作了一个详细的耦合道分析,并且计算了它的同位旋破缺。我考虑了S-D混合效应,带电的D(*)介子的贡献,DD*与的D*D*的耦合道效应以及不同带电状态的D(*)介子的质量差导致的同位旋破缺。我发现系统的有效相互作用势主要来自长程的单π交换。对于X(3872)的三π衰变和两π衰变的分支比的比值B(X→π+π-π0J/ψ)/B(→π+π-J/ψ),考虑ρ0和ω的质量差导致的相空间差异后,我的计算结果与Belle和Babar的实验结果一致。
2002年SELEX实验组宣称发现了双粲数重子三(?)。虽然后来Belle和Babar实验组没有证实SELEX的发现,但是随着大量的高能量对撞机的出现,对双重味系统的研究会越来越有意义。而双重味分子态给我们提供了一条研究双重味系统的新渠道。在第五章中,我利用单玻色子交换势模型对双粲数系统D(*)D(*)双底数系统B(*)B(*)以及粲底数系统D(*)B(*)作了详细的耦合道分析,考察了它们形成分子态的情况并且预言了一些有趣的粒子,希望未来实验上能对这些系统进行研究。
In the conventional quark model, the hadrons are classified as q qˉmesons and qqqbaryons. In the past ten years, many charmonium-like or bottomonium-like states wereobserved experimentally. However, some of the charmonium-like or bottomonium-like states, such as X(3872), Z_b(10601) and Z_b(10650), do not fit into the conventionalcharmonium (ccˉ)or bottomonium (bˉb). Therefore, searching for the exotic states beyondthe naive quark model has become a hot topic. So far, the proposed exotic candidatesinclude the hadronic molecules, guleball, hybrid and multiquark states. This thesisfocuses on the molecules composed of the heavy flavor mesons or baryons.
In the INTRODUCTION and Chapter2, I briefly introduce the experimental statusand the theoretical approaches in the study of the heavy flavor physics at the low energyregion. Although lots of exotic hidden-charm states have been observed experimentally,most of them have not been confirmed. Moreover, even for those well-establishedstates, their inner structures are not clear. It is still a big challenge for us to understandthese exotic states. At present, the widely used theoretical tools at the low energy regioninclude the QCD sum rule, the chiral perturbation theory, the chiral quark model andthe one-boson-exchange model. I adopt the one-boson-exchange formalism.
Jaffe proposed the H-dibaryon within the MIT bag model in1970s. The quan-tum numbers of the H-dibaryon are strangeness S=-2, spin-parity J~P=0~+. Lotsof efforts have been spent on the study of the H-dibaryon. However, it has not beenestablished. It was also found that the ΛΛ system with the same quantum numberdoes not form a bound state either. Here, I extended the analysis to the heavy flavorsector. In Chapter3, I investigated the possible Λ_cΛ_c, Ξ_cΞ_c, Σ_cΣ_c, Ξ_cΞ_candΩ_cΩ_cmolecular states. The numerical results indicate that ΞcΞc[1(0~+),0(1~+)], Σ_cΣ_c[1(1~+)],Ξ_cΞ_c[1(0~+),0(1~+)] andΩ_cΩ_c[0(0~+)] might be good molecule candidates. However,Λ_cΛ_c[0(0~+)] dose not form a bound state without the coupled-channel effect in the fla-vor space. For the baryon-antibaryon systems, the one-boson-exchange model dosenot work well due to the annihilation of the system at short-range. I also performed acoupled-channel analysis of Λ_QΛ_Q(Q=c, b). I found that not only the positive-parity state Λ_QΛ_Q[0(0~+)] but also the negative-parity states Λ_QΛ_Q[0(0),0(1)] could formbound states because of the coupled-channel effects in the flavor space.
Despite huge efforts, there is still no consensus on the interpretation of X(3872).In Chapter4, I performed a coupled-channel analysis of X(3872) and calculated itsisospin breaking. I considered the S-D mixing, the charged D~(*)mesons, the couplingof DDˉ~*to D~*D~*, and the isospin breaking arising from the mass difference betweenthe charged and the neutral D~(*)mesons. I noticed that the total potential roughlyequals to the one-pion-exchange potential since the interaction of the heavier rho andomega exchange cancel each other significantly. Besides, taking the phase space dif-ference arising from the different ρ0and ω mass, I calculated the ratio of the branchingfractions R=B(X→π~+π~-π~0J/ψ)/B(π~+π~-J/ψ), which was consistent with themeasurements of Belle and BABAR.
In2002, the SELEX Collaboration observed the doubly-charmed baryon Ξ_(cc). Al-though, the results are not confirmed by Belle and BABAR collaborations, it is still veryinteresting to study such system which might be produced by the future high-energycolliders. The molecular states with double charm provide another insight to studysuch a system. In Chapter5, we performed a coupled-channel analysis of the possibleD~(*)D~(*),Bˉ~(*) Bˉ~(*)and D~(*) Bˉ~(*)molecular states within the one-boson-exchange for-malism. I predicted some interesting states which might be searched for in the futureexperiments.
在引言和第二章中我简要地介绍了实验背景以及低能强子物理研究中常用的理论方法。虽然目前发现了大量的类粲偶素、类底偶素粒子,但是实验上真正确定其存在的并不多。对于已经被实验证实的,完全研究清楚其结构的更是少之又少。因此,对这些粒子的研究还需要实验物理学家和理论物理学家坚持不懈的努力。目前低能强子物理研究中常用的理论工具有QCD求和规则,手征微扰理论以及势模型中的手征夸克模型和单玻色子交换势模型。本文主要利用单玻色子交换势模型进行研究。
上世纪七十年代Jaffe利用MIT袋模型预言了H-dibaryon。它的奇异数为-2,自旋宇称为JP=0+。为了寻找H-dibaryOn,人们做了大量的实验上的、理论上的研究,但是都没有发现其存在的迹象。具有相同量子数的AA体系也不能形成束缚态。我将以上研究推广到了重味的情况。在第三章中我详细考察了AcAc、(?)c(?)c、∑c∑c、(?)c(?)c以及ΩcΩc等重味体系形成分子态的情况。我发现(?)c(?)c[1(0+),0(1+)]、∑c∑c[1(1+)],(?)c(?)c[1(0'),0(1')]以及ΩcΩc[0(0+)]可以作为理想的分子态候选者,而∧c∧c[0(0+)]体系在不考虑味道空间的耦合道效应时,不能形成束缚态。对于重子-反重子体系,由于系统在小尺度上存在湮灭效应,单玻色子交换势模型并不能给出很好的描述。此外,考虑到ΛQΛQ(Q=c,b)体系的特殊性,我还对其作了一个详细的耦合道分析。我发现在单π交换的情况下,∧c∧c[0(0'),0(),0(1)]均可以形成束缚态,这些束缚态主要来自耦合道效应。
在已发现的类粲偶素、类底偶素粒子中,X(3872)是人们研究最多的粒子,然而仍然没有一种理论解释能普遍地被人们所接受。在第四章中,我对X(3872)作了一个详细的耦合道分析,并且计算了它的同位旋破缺。我考虑了S-D混合效应,带电的D(*)介子的贡献,DD*与的D*D*的耦合道效应以及不同带电状态的D(*)介子的质量差导致的同位旋破缺。我发现系统的有效相互作用势主要来自长程的单π交换。对于X(3872)的三π衰变和两π衰变的分支比的比值B(X→π+π-π0J/ψ)/B(→π+π-J/ψ),考虑ρ0和ω的质量差导致的相空间差异后,我的计算结果与Belle和Babar的实验结果一致。
2002年SELEX实验组宣称发现了双粲数重子三(?)。虽然后来Belle和Babar实验组没有证实SELEX的发现,但是随着大量的高能量对撞机的出现,对双重味系统的研究会越来越有意义。而双重味分子态给我们提供了一条研究双重味系统的新渠道。在第五章中,我利用单玻色子交换势模型对双粲数系统D(*)D(*)双底数系统B(*)B(*)以及粲底数系统D(*)B(*)作了详细的耦合道分析,考察了它们形成分子态的情况并且预言了一些有趣的粒子,希望未来实验上能对这些系统进行研究。
In the conventional quark model, the hadrons are classified as q qˉmesons and qqqbaryons. In the past ten years, many charmonium-like or bottomonium-like states wereobserved experimentally. However, some of the charmonium-like or bottomonium-like states, such as X(3872), Z_b(10601) and Z_b(10650), do not fit into the conventionalcharmonium (ccˉ)or bottomonium (bˉb). Therefore, searching for the exotic states beyondthe naive quark model has become a hot topic. So far, the proposed exotic candidatesinclude the hadronic molecules, guleball, hybrid and multiquark states. This thesisfocuses on the molecules composed of the heavy flavor mesons or baryons.
In the INTRODUCTION and Chapter2, I briefly introduce the experimental statusand the theoretical approaches in the study of the heavy flavor physics at the low energyregion. Although lots of exotic hidden-charm states have been observed experimentally,most of them have not been confirmed. Moreover, even for those well-establishedstates, their inner structures are not clear. It is still a big challenge for us to understandthese exotic states. At present, the widely used theoretical tools at the low energy regioninclude the QCD sum rule, the chiral perturbation theory, the chiral quark model andthe one-boson-exchange model. I adopt the one-boson-exchange formalism.
Jaffe proposed the H-dibaryon within the MIT bag model in1970s. The quan-tum numbers of the H-dibaryon are strangeness S=-2, spin-parity J~P=0~+. Lotsof efforts have been spent on the study of the H-dibaryon. However, it has not beenestablished. It was also found that the ΛΛ system with the same quantum numberdoes not form a bound state either. Here, I extended the analysis to the heavy flavorsector. In Chapter3, I investigated the possible Λ_cΛ_c, Ξ_cΞ_c, Σ_cΣ_c, Ξ_cΞ_candΩ_cΩ_cmolecular states. The numerical results indicate that ΞcΞc[1(0~+),0(1~+)], Σ_cΣ_c[1(1~+)],Ξ_cΞ_c[1(0~+),0(1~+)] andΩ_cΩ_c[0(0~+)] might be good molecule candidates. However,Λ_cΛ_c[0(0~+)] dose not form a bound state without the coupled-channel effect in the fla-vor space. For the baryon-antibaryon systems, the one-boson-exchange model dosenot work well due to the annihilation of the system at short-range. I also performed acoupled-channel analysis of Λ_QΛ_Q(Q=c, b). I found that not only the positive-parity state Λ_QΛ_Q[0(0~+)] but also the negative-parity states Λ_QΛ_Q[0(0),0(1)] could formbound states because of the coupled-channel effects in the flavor space.
Despite huge efforts, there is still no consensus on the interpretation of X(3872).In Chapter4, I performed a coupled-channel analysis of X(3872) and calculated itsisospin breaking. I considered the S-D mixing, the charged D~(*)mesons, the couplingof DDˉ~*to D~*D~*, and the isospin breaking arising from the mass difference betweenthe charged and the neutral D~(*)mesons. I noticed that the total potential roughlyequals to the one-pion-exchange potential since the interaction of the heavier rho andomega exchange cancel each other significantly. Besides, taking the phase space dif-ference arising from the different ρ0and ω mass, I calculated the ratio of the branchingfractions R=B(X→π~+π~-π~0J/ψ)/B(π~+π~-J/ψ), which was consistent with themeasurements of Belle and BABAR.
In2002, the SELEX Collaboration observed the doubly-charmed baryon Ξ_(cc). Al-though, the results are not confirmed by Belle and BABAR collaborations, it is still veryinteresting to study such system which might be produced by the future high-energycolliders. The molecular states with double charm provide another insight to studysuch a system. In Chapter5, we performed a coupled-channel analysis of the possibleD~(*)D~(*),Bˉ~(*) Bˉ~(*)and D~(*) Bˉ~(*)molecular states within the one-boson-exchange for-malism. I predicted some interesting states which might be searched for in the futureexperiments.
引文
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