战场境况实时传输系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着近年来通信技术的不断发展,特别是计算机网络以及图像处理传输技术的飞速发展,图像/视频在网络中有着越来越广泛的应用,画面清晰,无延迟抖动是视频通信应该实现的功能,也是视频通信处理的重点和难点。在没有QoS(Quality of Service)的IP网络中,研究传输高质量的视频信息,有着极其重要的意义。
视频传输中最关键的技术环节是图像的压缩和解压缩。目前最新的视频编码标准是H.264。它是国际电信联盟视频编码专家组(ITU-T VCEG)和国际标准化组织运动图像专家组(ISO MPEG)于2001年合作形成的联合视频组JVT(Joint VideoTeam)开发的。由于同以往的标准相比具有同样图像质量前提下有更高的压缩编码效率,同时还有良好的网络适应性和抗误码性,因此被普遍看好为下一代的视频编码标准。
本文借鉴目前视频压缩、传输的成熟技术,根据部队当前的实际需要,设计和实现一套端到端的实时视频流传输控制系统,围绕网络视频传输系统进行研究,着重于视频图像的实时性和传输质量两个重要指标,系统采用H.264的视频编码标准。在传输层协议选择方面,通过TCP协议和RIP协议的比较,提出了“基于UDP协议的RTP实时视频传输”的设计思想,较好地保证了数字视频传输的实时性和服务质量。在视频信号传输的差错控制技术和比特率控制方面,本文进行了重点地分析和阐述,通过采用误码隐藏,数据分割及图像层、宏块层比特率控制等技术,确保视频数据在信道上传输的可靠性和图像的恢复质量,从而保证了视频图像在网络上传输。
With the continuous development of communication technology, especially the rapid development and popularization of the computer network, image processing and transmission technique in recent years, image or video is widely applied in network. Current IP Network has no guarantee of quality. The real-time video stream delivery which is the focus and difficulty in communication area, can meet the QoS requirements, and will have important meaning.
The core of video communication is the image encoding and decoding. H264 is the latest video coding standard, which is developed by Joint Video Team (JVT) joined by both ISO/IEC Motion Picture Experts (MPEG) and ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG). Compared with the previous standards, under the same image quality, it has better encoding efficiency as well as better Internet adaptability and error robustness. Therefore, it is considered wildly as the next-generation video coding standard.
With the aid of current mature technique of video compression and transmission and according to the current effective demand of troops, this thesis designed a system of real-time video stream transmission and control. The video transmission system was researched by emphasizing the two important targets, real-time and quality, in video/image transmission. The system adopted H.264 video coding standard. In the respect of selecting transmission layer protocol, a new design idea of RTP real-time video transmission based on UDP protocol was put forward by comparing TCP protocol with RTP protocol which can guarantee the real-time and quality of service in digital video transmission. We mainly analyzed the error control and bit-rate control of video signal transmission with the technology of resynchronization marker, data partitioning, and the bit-rate control in picture layer and macroblock layer. The system could ensure the reliability of video data transmission and the restoring quality of images in the communication channel and network.
视频传输中最关键的技术环节是图像的压缩和解压缩。目前最新的视频编码标准是H.264。它是国际电信联盟视频编码专家组(ITU-T VCEG)和国际标准化组织运动图像专家组(ISO MPEG)于2001年合作形成的联合视频组JVT(Joint VideoTeam)开发的。由于同以往的标准相比具有同样图像质量前提下有更高的压缩编码效率,同时还有良好的网络适应性和抗误码性,因此被普遍看好为下一代的视频编码标准。
本文借鉴目前视频压缩、传输的成熟技术,根据部队当前的实际需要,设计和实现一套端到端的实时视频流传输控制系统,围绕网络视频传输系统进行研究,着重于视频图像的实时性和传输质量两个重要指标,系统采用H.264的视频编码标准。在传输层协议选择方面,通过TCP协议和RIP协议的比较,提出了“基于UDP协议的RTP实时视频传输”的设计思想,较好地保证了数字视频传输的实时性和服务质量。在视频信号传输的差错控制技术和比特率控制方面,本文进行了重点地分析和阐述,通过采用误码隐藏,数据分割及图像层、宏块层比特率控制等技术,确保视频数据在信道上传输的可靠性和图像的恢复质量,从而保证了视频图像在网络上传输。
With the continuous development of communication technology, especially the rapid development and popularization of the computer network, image processing and transmission technique in recent years, image or video is widely applied in network. Current IP Network has no guarantee of quality. The real-time video stream delivery which is the focus and difficulty in communication area, can meet the QoS requirements, and will have important meaning.
The core of video communication is the image encoding and decoding. H264 is the latest video coding standard, which is developed by Joint Video Team (JVT) joined by both ISO/IEC Motion Picture Experts (MPEG) and ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG). Compared with the previous standards, under the same image quality, it has better encoding efficiency as well as better Internet adaptability and error robustness. Therefore, it is considered wildly as the next-generation video coding standard.
With the aid of current mature technique of video compression and transmission and according to the current effective demand of troops, this thesis designed a system of real-time video stream transmission and control. The video transmission system was researched by emphasizing the two important targets, real-time and quality, in video/image transmission. The system adopted H.264 video coding standard. In the respect of selecting transmission layer protocol, a new design idea of RTP real-time video transmission based on UDP protocol was put forward by comparing TCP protocol with RTP protocol which can guarantee the real-time and quality of service in digital video transmission. We mainly analyzed the error control and bit-rate control of video signal transmission with the technology of resynchronization marker, data partitioning, and the bit-rate control in picture layer and macroblock layer. The system could ensure the reliability of video data transmission and the restoring quality of images in the communication channel and network.
引文
[1]ITU-T Rec H.264/ISO/IEC 11496-10,"Advanced Video Coding",Final Committee Draft,Document JVT-E022,September 2002
[2]ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11/N5231,MPEG-21 Overview v.5,Shanghai,October 2002
[3]ITU-T Recommendation H.320.Narrow-band ISDN visual telephone systems and terminal equipment,1993
[4]ITU-T Recommendation H.323.Packet based multimedia communication systems.1997
[5]ITU-Telecommunications Standardization Sector,STUDY GROUP 16,"Test model 11",Video Coding Experts Group,February,1999
[6]KlausI llgner.DSPs for image and video processing,Signal Processing,2000
[7]沈兰荪、卓力,小波编码与网络视频传输,科学出版社,2005
[8]J.Xu and Y.He,"A novel rate control for H.264," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,May 2004
[9]Aboutajdine,Driss.Special issue on Image/Video communication,pattern Recognition,2002
[10]沈兰荪等,“视频编码与低速率传输”,电子工业出版社,2001.12
[11]钟玉琢,多媒体技术,高级,北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[12]A.Hallapure and M.Karczewicz,"Low complexity transform and quantization-Part 1:Basic Implementation"[J],JVT document JVT-B038,February2001
[13]W.Holfoder,Interactive remote recording and playback of multicast videoconference,Computer Communication,1998
[14]沈兰荪,实时系统构成技术,中国科技大学出版社,1993
[15]沈兰荪等,视频编码与低速率传输,电子工业出版社,2001
[16]Minhua Zhou and Raj Talluri,Dsp-based real-time video encoding,Proceeding of the SPIE,2000
[17]蔡安妮,孙景鳌,多媒体通信技术基础,电子工业出版社,2000.8
[18Murat Tekalp,数字视频处理,清华大学出版社,1998
[19]饶晓东等,基于H.323协议的IP视频通信技术,光机电信息,2005.8
[20]严得聪等,新一代运动图像压缩标准H.264/AVC[J],电信快报,2003,No.4,22-24
[21]http://expert.csdn.net,Expert
[22]张占军等,支持多媒体通信的网络协议技术及其发展,小型微型计算机系统,2002
[23]吴国勇等,网络视频流媒体技术与应用,北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[24]林生,计算机通信与网络教程,清华大学出版社,1999
[25]范承志等,局域网中多媒体数据实时传输技术的实现,微型电脑应用,2002
[26]葛广英,多媒体信息网络实时传输的应用研究,计算机工程,July 2001
[27]杨志伟等,实时视频网络传输系统实现技术,电视技术,2005第4期
[28]王华等,实时运输协议RTP和网络实时传输服务的研究,维普资讯,1998.1.1
[29]师亚莉等,无线网络中的视频通信,通信与信息技术,2004.8
[30]赵坚用,电视监控录像技术的发展,电视技术,2002
[31]胡峪等,VC什高级编程技巧与示例,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[32]黄伟兴等,基于拥塞控制与RS编码的自适应有效Internet视频传输,中国科学,2002.6
[33]高绍帅等,基于H.263视频解码的错误检测和掩盖,通信学报,2001
[34]计文平、沈兰荪,视频通信中的抗误码技术,计算机工程与应用,2005.4
[2]ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11/N5231,MPEG-21 Overview v.5,Shanghai,October 2002
[3]ITU-T Recommendation H.320.Narrow-band ISDN visual telephone systems and terminal equipment,1993
[4]ITU-T Recommendation H.323.Packet based multimedia communication systems.1997
[5]ITU-Telecommunications Standardization Sector,STUDY GROUP 16,"Test model 11",Video Coding Experts Group,February,1999
[6]KlausI llgner.DSPs for image and video processing,Signal Processing,2000
[7]沈兰荪、卓力,小波编码与网络视频传输,科学出版社,2005
[8]J.Xu and Y.He,"A novel rate control for H.264," IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,May 2004
[9]Aboutajdine,Driss.Special issue on Image/Video communication,pattern Recognition,2002
[10]沈兰荪等,“视频编码与低速率传输”,电子工业出版社,2001.12
[11]钟玉琢,多媒体技术,高级,北京:清华大学出版社,1999
[12]A.Hallapure and M.Karczewicz,"Low complexity transform and quantization-Part 1:Basic Implementation"[J],JVT document JVT-B038,February2001
[13]W.Holfoder,Interactive remote recording and playback of multicast videoconference,Computer Communication,1998
[14]沈兰荪,实时系统构成技术,中国科技大学出版社,1993
[15]沈兰荪等,视频编码与低速率传输,电子工业出版社,2001
[16]Minhua Zhou and Raj Talluri,Dsp-based real-time video encoding,Proceeding of the SPIE,2000
[17]蔡安妮,孙景鳌,多媒体通信技术基础,电子工业出版社,2000.8
[18Murat Tekalp,数字视频处理,清华大学出版社,1998
[19]饶晓东等,基于H.323协议的IP视频通信技术,光机电信息,2005.8
[20]严得聪等,新一代运动图像压缩标准H.264/AVC[J],电信快报,2003,No.4,22-24
[21]http://expert.csdn.net,Expert
[22]张占军等,支持多媒体通信的网络协议技术及其发展,小型微型计算机系统,2002
[23]吴国勇等,网络视频流媒体技术与应用,北京邮电大学出版社,2001
[24]林生,计算机通信与网络教程,清华大学出版社,1999
[25]范承志等,局域网中多媒体数据实时传输技术的实现,微型电脑应用,2002
[26]葛广英,多媒体信息网络实时传输的应用研究,计算机工程,July 2001
[27]杨志伟等,实时视频网络传输系统实现技术,电视技术,2005第4期
[28]王华等,实时运输协议RTP和网络实时传输服务的研究,维普资讯,1998.1.1
[29]师亚莉等,无线网络中的视频通信,通信与信息技术,2004.8
[30]赵坚用,电视监控录像技术的发展,电视技术,2002
[31]胡峪等,VC什高级编程技巧与示例,西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001
[32]黄伟兴等,基于拥塞控制与RS编码的自适应有效Internet视频传输,中国科学,2002.6
[33]高绍帅等,基于H.263视频解码的错误检测和掩盖,通信学报,2001
[34]计文平、沈兰荪,视频通信中的抗误码技术,计算机工程与应用,2005.4
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