H.264预测帧编解码技术研究
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摘要
H.264是联合视频组JVT(Joint Video Team)于2003年3月发布的新一代视频压缩标准。H.264标准支持从低带宽、高误码率的无线移动视频通信到高码率、低延时的视频广播及在线流媒体等多种应用,因此日益受到业界的关注。为了实现更高的压缩效率,H.264标准采用了多种新的编码技术,如多参考帧预测,变块尺寸运动估计,整数变换、基于上下文的熵编码等。这些新技术在提高压缩比的同时也大大增加了编解码的复杂度。针对此问题,本文就编码端的运动估计和解码端的运动补偿算法展开了研究。
本文首先介绍了视频编码的一般原理,回顾并对比了先前发展的H.26x系列和MPEG系列视频编码标准;然后论述了率失真优化的数学原理及其在视频编码标准中的应用;接下来,本文在研究前人算法的基础上,提出了两种新的快速运动估计算法:一种是基于子块叠加的多模式运动估计,一种是基于逐次淘汰的多模式运动估计,两者都采用率失真优化准则,与普通全搜索算法相比,新提出的两种算法速度大大提高,而结果精度不变;最后,本文又提出了一种新的应用于解码端的运动补偿算法,简化了解码端运动补偿模块的设计,为解码器的硬件实现提供了方便。
H.264 video coding standard is formally published by JVT(Joint Video Team) in March 2003. This standard is designed to give a solution for a various applications, such as very low bit rate video communication with high error rate, and high bit rate entertainment quality broadcast, interactive video-on-demand services etc. Therefore it is concerned growingly by the industry. In order to achieve higher compression ratio, the H.264 standard adopts many new coding skills as followed: multiple reference picture, variable block-size motion estimation, short word-length integer transform, context adaptive entropy coding. While achieving high compression ratio with these new skills, the complexity of the codec is also greatly increased. Aiming at this problem, this paper researches the motion estimation algorithm and motion compensation algorithm used in the coders and decoders.
Firstly, the general principles of video coding are introduced. Then, the already developed H.26x series and MPEG series standards are recalled and compared. And the rate distortion optimization and its application in video coding are discussed subsequently. After that, this paper proposed two new fast motion estimation algorithms based on the previously developed methods. The first one is a multimode motion estimation based on block summation algorithm. And the other one is multimode motion estimation based on the successive elimination algorithm. Both of these algorithms use rate distortion optimization guidelines and increase the estimation process a lot without any quality decrease. At last, another motion compensation algorithm used in the decoding process is proposed. With this algorithm, the motion compensation module in a hardware design can be simplified.
本文首先介绍了视频编码的一般原理,回顾并对比了先前发展的H.26x系列和MPEG系列视频编码标准;然后论述了率失真优化的数学原理及其在视频编码标准中的应用;接下来,本文在研究前人算法的基础上,提出了两种新的快速运动估计算法:一种是基于子块叠加的多模式运动估计,一种是基于逐次淘汰的多模式运动估计,两者都采用率失真优化准则,与普通全搜索算法相比,新提出的两种算法速度大大提高,而结果精度不变;最后,本文又提出了一种新的应用于解码端的运动补偿算法,简化了解码端运动补偿模块的设计,为解码器的硬件实现提供了方便。
H.264 video coding standard is formally published by JVT(Joint Video Team) in March 2003. This standard is designed to give a solution for a various applications, such as very low bit rate video communication with high error rate, and high bit rate entertainment quality broadcast, interactive video-on-demand services etc. Therefore it is concerned growingly by the industry. In order to achieve higher compression ratio, the H.264 standard adopts many new coding skills as followed: multiple reference picture, variable block-size motion estimation, short word-length integer transform, context adaptive entropy coding. While achieving high compression ratio with these new skills, the complexity of the codec is also greatly increased. Aiming at this problem, this paper researches the motion estimation algorithm and motion compensation algorithm used in the coders and decoders.
Firstly, the general principles of video coding are introduced. Then, the already developed H.26x series and MPEG series standards are recalled and compared. And the rate distortion optimization and its application in video coding are discussed subsequently. After that, this paper proposed two new fast motion estimation algorithms based on the previously developed methods. The first one is a multimode motion estimation based on block summation algorithm. And the other one is multimode motion estimation based on the successive elimination algorithm. Both of these algorithms use rate distortion optimization guidelines and increase the estimation process a lot without any quality decrease. At last, another motion compensation algorithm used in the decoding process is proposed. With this algorithm, the motion compensation module in a hardware design can be simplified.
引文
[1] Ralf Schafer, Thomas Wigand, Heiko Schwarz. The emerging H.264/AVC standard. EBU Technical Review, 2003
[2] Video Codec for Audiovisual Services at p×64 kbit/s, ITU-T Recommendation H.261, 1993.
[3] Generic Coding of Moving Audio Pictures and Associated Audio Information: Video, ITU-T Recommendation H.262, 1995
[4] Video coding for low bit rate communication. ITU-T Recommendation H.263, 1998
[5] Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services. ITU-T Recommendation H.264, 2003
[6] T. Wiegand, G. J. Sullivan, G. Bjontegaard, A. Luthra. Overview of the h.264/avc video coding standard. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 2003,13(7): 565~576
[7] K.H.K. Chow, M.L. Liou. Generic motion search algorithm for video compression. IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 1993, 3:440~445
[8] 张旭东, 卢国栋, 冯建. 图像编码基础和小波压缩技术.第一版.清华大学出版社, 2004:31~32
[9] Jong-Nam Kim. Fast full search motion estimation algorithm using various matching scans in video coding. Journal of Electronic Imaging, 2002, 11(4):486~496
[10] Mei-Juan Chen, Liang-Gee Chen, Tzi-Dar Chiueh. One-Dimensional Full Search Motion Estimation algorithm For Video Coding. IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 1994,4(5):504~509
[11] C.M. Huang, Q.Bi, G.S.Stiles et al. Fast full search equivalent encoding algorithms for image compression using vector quantization. IEEE transactions on imageprocessing, 1992,1(3):413~416
[12] Muhanned Z.Coban, Russell M. Mersereau. A fast exhaustive search algorithm for rate-constrained motion estimation. IEEE transactions on image processing, 1998, 7(5):769~773
[13] Byung Cheol Song, Kang-Wook Chun, Jong Beom, A rate-constrained fast full-search algorithm based on block sum pyramid. IEEE transactions on image processing, 2003, 14(3):308~311
[14] Andy Chang, Peter H.W.Wong, et al. Fast integer motion estimation for h.264 video coding standard. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo(ICME), 2004:289~292
[15] VSK Reddy, Somnath Sengupta. Low-Computation and high-performance adaptive full search block-matching motion estimation. IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications, 2004:335~339
[16] Chen-Fu Lin, Jin-Jang Leou. An adaptive fast full search motion estimation algorithm for H.264. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2005,2:1493~1496
[17] Jong-Nam Kim, Sung-Cheal Byun, Yong-Hoon Kim, et al. Fast full search motion estimation algorithm using early detection of impossible candidate vectors. IEEE transactions on signal processing, 2002,50(9):2355~2365
[18] Michael Brunig, Wolfgang Niehsen. Fast full-search block matching. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 2001, 11(2):241~247
[19] 董海燕, 张其善. 一种适用于实时应用的快速运动估计算法. 计算机工程与应用, 2006,32(2):223~225
[20] Muhammed Z. Coban Russell M. Mersereau. Computationally efficient exhaustive search algorithm for rate-constrained motion estimation., IEEE Proc. International Conference on Image Processing, 1997,1:101~104
[21] W.G. Hong, T.M.Oh. Sorting-based partial distortion search algorithm for motionestimation. IEEE Electonics Letters, 2004, 40(2):113~115
[22] Chok-Kwan Cheung, Lai-Man Po. Normalized partial distortion search algorithm for block motion estimation. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 2000, 10(3):417~422
[23] Bartolomeo Montrucchio, Davide Quaglia. New sorting-based lossless motion estimation algorithms and a partial distortion elimination performance analysis. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 2005, 15(2):210~220
[24] Won-Gi Hong, Tad-Myoung Oh. Enhanced partial distortion search algorithm for block motion estimation. IEEE Electronics Letters, 2003,39(15):1112~1113
[25] Chun-Ho Cheung, Lai-Man Po. A fast block motion estimation using progressive partial distortion search. IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, 2001:506~509
[26] Zi-Yin, Shan-An Zhu. A fast and efficient partial distortion search algorithm for block motion estimation. IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation, 2005:234~238
[27] W. Li, E. Salari. Successive elimination algorithm for motion estimation. IEEE transactions on Image Processing, 1995, 4(1):105~107
[28] Soo-Mok Jung, Sung-Chul Shin, Hyunki Baik, et al. New fast successive elimination algorithm. IEEE Symposium on circuits and systems, 2000:616~619
[29] Ce Zhu, Wei-Song Qi, Wee Ser. A new successive elimination algorithm for fast block matching in motion estimation. IEEE International symposium on circuits and systems, 2004:733~736
[30] X.Q.Gao, C.J.Duanmu, C.R.Zou, Z.Y.He. Multi-level successive elimination algorithm for motion estimation in video coding. IEEE International symposium on circuits and systems,1999(4):227~230
[31] S.M Jung, S.C. Shin, H.Baik. Efficient multilevel successive elimination algorithmsfor block matching motion estimation. IEEE Proc. Image Signal Process, 2002,149(2):73~85
[32] Tae Gyoung Ahn, Yong Ho Moon, Jae Ho Kim. Fast full-search motion estimation based on multilevel successive elimination algorithm. 2004, IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 14(11):1265~1269
[33] Tuukka Toivonen, Janne Heikkila. Fast full search block motion estimation for H.264/AVC with multilevel successive elimination algorithm. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2004,3:1485~1488
[34] X. Q. Gao, C. J. Duanmu, C. R. Zou. A multilevel successive elimination algorithm for block matching motion estimation. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2000, 9(3):501~504
[35] Minho Kim, Ingu Hwang Soo-lk Chae. A fast VLSI architecture for full-search variable block size motion estimation in MPEG-4 AVC/H.264. IEEE Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference 2005,1:631~634
[36] C.H.Lee, L.H.Chen. A fast motion estimation algorithm based on the block sum pyramid, IEEE transactions on Image Processing, 1997, 6(11):1587~1591
[37] Tae Gyoung Ahn, Yong Ho Moon, Jae Ho Kim. Fast full-search motion estimation based on multilevel successive elimination algorithm. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 2004, 14(11):1265~1269
[38] M. Yang, H. Cui, K. Tang. Efficient tree structured motion estimation using successive elimination. IEEE Proc. Visual Image Signal Process, 2004, 151(5):394~377
[39] Shijun Sun, Shawmin Lei. Predictive motion estimation with global motion predictor. SPIE Proc. Visual Communications and Image Processing, 2004:408~415
[40] 谢琅, 杨艳,曹阳等. 一种改进的三步搜索块运动估计算法. 武汉大学学报,2005, 51(5):625~628
[41] R. Li, B. Zeng, M. L. Liou. A new three-step search algorithm for block motionfor block matching motion estimation. IEEE Proc. Image Signal Process, 2002,149(2):73~85
[32] Tae Gyoung Ahn, Yong Ho Moon, Jae Ho Kim. Fast full-search motion estimation based on multilevel successive elimination algorithm. 2004, IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 14(11):1265~1269
[33] Tuukka Toivonen, Janne Heikkila. Fast full search block motion estimation for H.264/AVC with multilevel successive elimination algorithm. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2004,3:1485~1488
[34] X. Q. Gao, C. J. Duanmu, C. R. Zou. A multilevel successive elimination algorithm for block matching motion estimation. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2000, 9(3):501~504
[35] Minho Kim, Ingu Hwang Soo-lk Chae. A fast VLSI architecture for full-search variable block size motion estimation in MPEG-4 AVC/H.264. IEEE Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference 2005,1:631~634
[36] C.H.Lee, L.H.Chen. A fast motion estimation algorithm based on the block sum pyramid, IEEE transactions on Image Processing, 1997, 6(11):1587~1591
[37] Tae Gyoung Ahn, Yong Ho Moon, Jae Ho Kim. Fast full-search motion estimation based on multilevel successive elimination algorithm. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 2004, 14(11):1265~1269
[38] M. Yang, H. Cui, K. Tang. Efficient tree structured motion estimation using successive elimination. IEEE Proc. Visual Image Signal Process, 2004, 151(5):394~377
[39] Shijun Sun, Shawmin Lei. Predictive motion estimation with global motion predictor. SPIE Proc. Visual Communications and Image Processing, 2004:408~415
[40] 谢琅, 杨艳,曹阳等. 一种改进的三步搜索块运动估计算法. 武汉大学学报,2005, 51(5):625~628
[41] R. Li, B. Zeng, M. L. Liou. A new three-step search algorithm for block motion
[52] 吴子辉, 石旭利, 张兆杨. H.264 编解码器方案综述.电视技术, 2005(12):12~14
[53] 张珏, 胡亮亮, 舒伟. H.264 解码解决方案实例介绍.电子产品世界, 2005:52~54
[54] 邵振, 郑世宝, 杨宇红. 基于 Soc 平台的 H.264 解码器 IP 核设计. 电路与应用, 2006(3):21~24
[55] 石磊, 林涛, 焦梦草. H.264/AVC 硬件解码器设计及其验证策略.微电子学, 2006, 36(1):15~1
[56] Qiang Peng, Jin Jing. H.264 codec system-on-chip design and verification. IEEE Proc. International Conference on ASIC, 2003,2:922~925
[57] 张琦, 万枫丹, 段柯, 等. 基于 MMX/SSE/SSE2 的 H.264 解码器关键算法优化. 信息与电子工程, 2006, 4(1):14~1
[58] Charng L.Lee. Parallel implementation of motion-compensation for HDTV video decoder. IEEE transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1998,44(2):251~255
[59] 陈维安, 李典, 余松煜, 等. H.264 软件解码器的优化. 数据采集与处理, 2005, 20(4):493~498
[60] 陈梅芳, 基于 TMS320DM642 的 H.264 解码器优化.电子技术应用, 2006(3): 112~115
[61] 马明超,徐元欣,张丁,等.减少存储量的视频解码器研究.电视技术, 2005(8):40~42
[62] 刘洋, 林争辉. 视频解码芯片中 DDR SDRAM 控制器的设. 计算机工程, 2006, 32(1):240~242
[2] Video Codec for Audiovisual Services at p×64 kbit/s, ITU-T Recommendation H.261, 1993.
[3] Generic Coding of Moving Audio Pictures and Associated Audio Information: Video, ITU-T Recommendation H.262, 1995
[4] Video coding for low bit rate communication. ITU-T Recommendation H.263, 1998
[5] Advanced video coding for generic audiovisual services. ITU-T Recommendation H.264, 2003
[6] T. Wiegand, G. J. Sullivan, G. Bjontegaard, A. Luthra. Overview of the h.264/avc video coding standard. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 2003,13(7): 565~576
[7] K.H.K. Chow, M.L. Liou. Generic motion search algorithm for video compression. IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 1993, 3:440~445
[8] 张旭东, 卢国栋, 冯建. 图像编码基础和小波压缩技术.第一版.清华大学出版社, 2004:31~32
[9] Jong-Nam Kim. Fast full search motion estimation algorithm using various matching scans in video coding. Journal of Electronic Imaging, 2002, 11(4):486~496
[10] Mei-Juan Chen, Liang-Gee Chen, Tzi-Dar Chiueh. One-Dimensional Full Search Motion Estimation algorithm For Video Coding. IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 1994,4(5):504~509
[11] C.M. Huang, Q.Bi, G.S.Stiles et al. Fast full search equivalent encoding algorithms for image compression using vector quantization. IEEE transactions on imageprocessing, 1992,1(3):413~416
[12] Muhanned Z.Coban, Russell M. Mersereau. A fast exhaustive search algorithm for rate-constrained motion estimation. IEEE transactions on image processing, 1998, 7(5):769~773
[13] Byung Cheol Song, Kang-Wook Chun, Jong Beom, A rate-constrained fast full-search algorithm based on block sum pyramid. IEEE transactions on image processing, 2003, 14(3):308~311
[14] Andy Chang, Peter H.W.Wong, et al. Fast integer motion estimation for h.264 video coding standard. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo(ICME), 2004:289~292
[15] VSK Reddy, Somnath Sengupta. Low-Computation and high-performance adaptive full search block-matching motion estimation. IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications, 2004:335~339
[16] Chen-Fu Lin, Jin-Jang Leou. An adaptive fast full search motion estimation algorithm for H.264. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 2005,2:1493~1496
[17] Jong-Nam Kim, Sung-Cheal Byun, Yong-Hoon Kim, et al. Fast full search motion estimation algorithm using early detection of impossible candidate vectors. IEEE transactions on signal processing, 2002,50(9):2355~2365
[18] Michael Brunig, Wolfgang Niehsen. Fast full-search block matching. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 2001, 11(2):241~247
[19] 董海燕, 张其善. 一种适用于实时应用的快速运动估计算法. 计算机工程与应用, 2006,32(2):223~225
[20] Muhammed Z. Coban Russell M. Mersereau. Computationally efficient exhaustive search algorithm for rate-constrained motion estimation., IEEE Proc. International Conference on Image Processing, 1997,1:101~104
[21] W.G. Hong, T.M.Oh. Sorting-based partial distortion search algorithm for motionestimation. IEEE Electonics Letters, 2004, 40(2):113~115
[22] Chok-Kwan Cheung, Lai-Man Po. Normalized partial distortion search algorithm for block motion estimation. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 2000, 10(3):417~422
[23] Bartolomeo Montrucchio, Davide Quaglia. New sorting-based lossless motion estimation algorithms and a partial distortion elimination performance analysis. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 2005, 15(2):210~220
[24] Won-Gi Hong, Tad-Myoung Oh. Enhanced partial distortion search algorithm for block motion estimation. IEEE Electronics Letters, 2003,39(15):1112~1113
[25] Chun-Ho Cheung, Lai-Man Po. A fast block motion estimation using progressive partial distortion search. IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Multimedia, Video and Speech Processing, 2001:506~509
[26] Zi-Yin, Shan-An Zhu. A fast and efficient partial distortion search algorithm for block motion estimation. IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation, 2005:234~238
[27] W. Li, E. Salari. Successive elimination algorithm for motion estimation. IEEE transactions on Image Processing, 1995, 4(1):105~107
[28] Soo-Mok Jung, Sung-Chul Shin, Hyunki Baik, et al. New fast successive elimination algorithm. IEEE Symposium on circuits and systems, 2000:616~619
[29] Ce Zhu, Wei-Song Qi, Wee Ser. A new successive elimination algorithm for fast block matching in motion estimation. IEEE International symposium on circuits and systems, 2004:733~736
[30] X.Q.Gao, C.J.Duanmu, C.R.Zou, Z.Y.He. Multi-level successive elimination algorithm for motion estimation in video coding. IEEE International symposium on circuits and systems,1999(4):227~230
[31] S.M Jung, S.C. Shin, H.Baik. Efficient multilevel successive elimination algorithmsfor block matching motion estimation. IEEE Proc. Image Signal Process, 2002,149(2):73~85
[32] Tae Gyoung Ahn, Yong Ho Moon, Jae Ho Kim. Fast full-search motion estimation based on multilevel successive elimination algorithm. 2004, IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 14(11):1265~1269
[33] Tuukka Toivonen, Janne Heikkila. Fast full search block motion estimation for H.264/AVC with multilevel successive elimination algorithm. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2004,3:1485~1488
[34] X. Q. Gao, C. J. Duanmu, C. R. Zou. A multilevel successive elimination algorithm for block matching motion estimation. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2000, 9(3):501~504
[35] Minho Kim, Ingu Hwang Soo-lk Chae. A fast VLSI architecture for full-search variable block size motion estimation in MPEG-4 AVC/H.264. IEEE Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference 2005,1:631~634
[36] C.H.Lee, L.H.Chen. A fast motion estimation algorithm based on the block sum pyramid, IEEE transactions on Image Processing, 1997, 6(11):1587~1591
[37] Tae Gyoung Ahn, Yong Ho Moon, Jae Ho Kim. Fast full-search motion estimation based on multilevel successive elimination algorithm. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 2004, 14(11):1265~1269
[38] M. Yang, H. Cui, K. Tang. Efficient tree structured motion estimation using successive elimination. IEEE Proc. Visual Image Signal Process, 2004, 151(5):394~377
[39] Shijun Sun, Shawmin Lei. Predictive motion estimation with global motion predictor. SPIE Proc. Visual Communications and Image Processing, 2004:408~415
[40] 谢琅, 杨艳,曹阳等. 一种改进的三步搜索块运动估计算法. 武汉大学学报,2005, 51(5):625~628
[41] R. Li, B. Zeng, M. L. Liou. A new three-step search algorithm for block motionfor block matching motion estimation. IEEE Proc. Image Signal Process, 2002,149(2):73~85
[32] Tae Gyoung Ahn, Yong Ho Moon, Jae Ho Kim. Fast full-search motion estimation based on multilevel successive elimination algorithm. 2004, IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 14(11):1265~1269
[33] Tuukka Toivonen, Janne Heikkila. Fast full search block motion estimation for H.264/AVC with multilevel successive elimination algorithm. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 2004,3:1485~1488
[34] X. Q. Gao, C. J. Duanmu, C. R. Zou. A multilevel successive elimination algorithm for block matching motion estimation. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 2000, 9(3):501~504
[35] Minho Kim, Ingu Hwang Soo-lk Chae. A fast VLSI architecture for full-search variable block size motion estimation in MPEG-4 AVC/H.264. IEEE Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference 2005,1:631~634
[36] C.H.Lee, L.H.Chen. A fast motion estimation algorithm based on the block sum pyramid, IEEE transactions on Image Processing, 1997, 6(11):1587~1591
[37] Tae Gyoung Ahn, Yong Ho Moon, Jae Ho Kim. Fast full-search motion estimation based on multilevel successive elimination algorithm. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for video technology, 2004, 14(11):1265~1269
[38] M. Yang, H. Cui, K. Tang. Efficient tree structured motion estimation using successive elimination. IEEE Proc. Visual Image Signal Process, 2004, 151(5):394~377
[39] Shijun Sun, Shawmin Lei. Predictive motion estimation with global motion predictor. SPIE Proc. Visual Communications and Image Processing, 2004:408~415
[40] 谢琅, 杨艳,曹阳等. 一种改进的三步搜索块运动估计算法. 武汉大学学报,2005, 51(5):625~628
[41] R. Li, B. Zeng, M. L. Liou. A new three-step search algorithm for block motion
[52] 吴子辉, 石旭利, 张兆杨. H.264 编解码器方案综述.电视技术, 2005(12):12~14
[53] 张珏, 胡亮亮, 舒伟. H.264 解码解决方案实例介绍.电子产品世界, 2005:52~54
[54] 邵振, 郑世宝, 杨宇红. 基于 Soc 平台的 H.264 解码器 IP 核设计. 电路与应用, 2006(3):21~24
[55] 石磊, 林涛, 焦梦草. H.264/AVC 硬件解码器设计及其验证策略.微电子学, 2006, 36(1):15~1
[56] Qiang Peng, Jin Jing. H.264 codec system-on-chip design and verification. IEEE Proc. International Conference on ASIC, 2003,2:922~925
[57] 张琦, 万枫丹, 段柯, 等. 基于 MMX/SSE/SSE2 的 H.264 解码器关键算法优化. 信息与电子工程, 2006, 4(1):14~1
[58] Charng L.Lee. Parallel implementation of motion-compensation for HDTV video decoder. IEEE transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1998,44(2):251~255
[59] 陈维安, 李典, 余松煜, 等. H.264 软件解码器的优化. 数据采集与处理, 2005, 20(4):493~498
[60] 陈梅芳, 基于 TMS320DM642 的 H.264 解码器优化.电子技术应用, 2006(3): 112~115
[61] 马明超,徐元欣,张丁,等.减少存储量的视频解码器研究.电视技术, 2005(8):40~42
[62] 刘洋, 林争辉. 视频解码芯片中 DDR SDRAM 控制器的设. 计算机工程, 2006, 32(1):240~242
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